science interactive notebookmrsbohaychuk2.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/1/8/48187011/work... · 2019. 12....

http://www.NittyGrittyScience.blogspot.com ©Erica L Colón 2013

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SCIENCE

INTERACTIVE

NOTEBOOK

Dr. Erica Colón ©2013

www.NittyGrittyScience.blogspot.com

Yahoo!

http://www.nittygrittyscience.blogspot.com/


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Table of Contents: Energy, Work & Simple Machines

Description Page # Introduction 3 Section 1: Nature of Energy 4 Fifths Foldable 5 Nature of Energy Foldable Cut-outs 6 Quiz: Nature of Energy 7 Section 2: Conservation of Energy 8 Television Cut-out 9 Filmstrip Cut-out 10 Quiz: Conservation of Energy 11 Section 3: Work 12 Formula Triangle Foldable 13 Practice Problems: Work 14 Quiz: Work 15 Section 4: Using Machines 16 Tri-fold Pocket Foldable 17 Making Work Easier Cards 18 Making Work Easier Labels 19 Quiz: Using Machines 20 Section 5: Simple Machines 21 Six-Door Foldable 22 Simple Machine Cut-outs 23 Compound Machine Cut-outs 24 Quiz: Simple Machine 25 Answer Key 26 Contact and Copyright Information 27 Appendix: Teacher Notes – LARGE Print 28-32


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Introduction

If you are new to the idea of using a Science Interactive Notebook in your classroom, stop by my Nitty Gritty Science shop and download my Intro to Science Interactive Notebooks tutorial for FREE! In there you will find tips on how to begin with your students, what materials to have on hand and, most importantly, how it will enhance your students learning through reflection and creativity.

Focused Lessons with Differentiated Instruction

The lessons shared on the following pages cover National Science Standards and meet students’ needs. I have given you the notes that I would give my students (Right Side – Input Side of Notebook) so you can understand what I’m having the students focus on when working on their creative assignments (Left Side – Output Side of Notebook). Each lesson focuses on a Question of the Day (QOD) represented in red in the top margin of each “Input” page with student giving answer in red on “Output” page.

Left Side – Output

Instructions for each Output Side are included. This includes cut-outs, foldables or master copies where applicable. You may find that students work slowly at first, but once groups are established and students know what is expected from them, not only will you see more energy focused on the final product, but you will be shocked at the level of creativity certain students have in certain areas – talk about differentiation!

Mini-Assessments

Mini quizzes will be given for each section so you may monitor student’s level of understanding. For reproduction purposes, there are two quizzes to a page so you can cut in half and save on some paper


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Section 1: The Nature of Energy

Instructions:

Students will create a Fifths Foldable to showcase kinetic and potential energy. Each tab will need to have the definition of each term as well as a picture that correctly corresponds to vocab word. You can either have students find their own examples or use the ones I have included for you.

The following contains directions for the foldable, cut-outs for vocabulary, picture examples and a mini-quiz.


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Fifths Foldable

Step 1: Fold paper in half lengthwise leaving just enough for a title tab if you so desire.

Step 2: Fold paper up so that one-third of paper is showing and two-thirds are covered.

Step 3: Fold the two-thirds section in half, then the one-third section in half. Now paper is in fifths!


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Nature of Energy Foldable Cut-Outs

Directions: Cut out the following and match the pictures with their correct term. Glue them onto your foldable and write definition inside foldable flap.

Kinetic Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy

Potential Energy

Chemical Potential Energy

Elastic Potential Energy


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Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________________

Quiz: The Nature of Energy

Matching

_____ 1. Energy a. stored energy due to position _____2. Gravitational Potential Energy

b. energy stored in food and fuels

_____3. Kinetic Energy c. energy stored by things above Earth _____4. Elastic Potential Energy d. the ability to cause change _____5. Chemical Potential Energy e. energy in form of motion _____6. Potential Energy f. energy stored by things that stretch

7. The amount of kinetic energy a moving object has depends on its ___________ and its _____________________.

8. The sun gives off what two forms of energy? __________________________________

Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________________

Quiz: The Nature of Energy

Matching

_____ 1. Energy a. stored energy due to position _____2. Gravitational Potential Energy

b. energy stored in food and fuels

_____3. Kinetic Energy c. energy stored by things above Earth _____4. Elastic Potential Energy d. the ability to cause change _____5. Chemical Potential Energy e. energy in form of motion _____6. Potential Energy f. energy stored by things that stretch

7. The amount of kinetic energy a moving object has depends on its ___________ and its _____________________.

8. The sun gives off what two forms of energy? __________________________________


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Section 2: Conservation of Energy

Instructions:

Students will show off their artistic ability by creating a filmstrip illustrating conservation of energy. The filmstrip will be able to slide behind the television (although a little dated) so they can see their drawings on the big screen . The following contains a television and filmstrip cut-out along with a mini-quiz.


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Directions:

1. Cut out the television along with the center square in order to view “film”.

2. Glue television into your interactive notebook taking care not to glue sides down since this is where film strip will slide through.

3. After coloring illustrations on filmstrip, cut out filmstrip and slide behind television to see your illustration on the big screen!

4. Write explanation in Science Interactive Notebook explaining your filmstrip and make sure you share how energy changed form.

Do

Not Glue

bet

wee

n lines

.

|---

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

----

--|

Do Not G

lue between lines

.

|--------------------------------------------------|

Cut out


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FILMSTRIP: Law of Conservation of Energy

Directions:

1. Illustrate a scene that represents an example of the Law of Conservation of Energy. Make sure drawings are horizontal.

PULL

PU

LL

Cons

erva

tion

of E

nerg

y


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Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________________

Quiz: Conservation of Energy

1. An electric blanket warms you on a cold evening. How did energy change form?

2. A pile of logs is burned for a campfire. How did energy change form?

3. Your car seat is hot after sitting outside in the sun all day. How did energy change form?

4. You eat an orange during half-time during a soccer game. How did energy change?

Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________________


1. An electric blanket warms you on a cold evening. How did energy change form?

2. A pile of logs is burned for a campfire. How did energy change form?

3. Your car seat is hot after sitting outside in the sun all day. How did energy change form?

4. You eat an orange during half-time during a soccer game. How did energy change?


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Section 3: Work

Instructions:

For this page in the Science Interactive Notebook, students will be constructing a Work Formula Triangle Foldable in which they will use to help calculate work word problems. Included for this section are directions on how to make the Formula Triangle Foldable, work calculations and of course a mini quiz.

Graphics © www.djinkers.com License #0812169551

http://www.djinkers.com/


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Formula Triangle Foldable

Step 1: Cut out circle.

Step 2: Find center and lightly mark for reference.

Step 3: Pick any edge on circle and fold towards center of circle – make a crease.

Step 4: Pick opposite edge of paper and fold towards center overlapping edges and forming a cone shape – crease edge.

Step 5: Fold the final edge down towards center forming an equilateral triangle. Glue into Scientific Interactive Notebook and fill in definitions.


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Practice Problems: Work

Directions: Cut and paste the following work calculations into your Science Interactive Notebook. Use your Formula Triangle Foldable to complete the following word problems.

1. A mule pulls of cart of milk 10 meters with a force of 50 newtons. Calculate the work done by the mule.

2. A box is pushed 40 meters by a mover. The amount of work done was 2,240 joules. How much force was exerted on the box?

3. How much work is done on a pumpkin with a force of 16 newtons when you lift it 1.5 meters?

4. What distance did the boulder with a force of 24 newtons travel if 240 joules of work was done on it?

5. Mark pushed his stalled car with a force of 9000 newtons but was unable to move it. How much work did Mark do?


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Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________________

Quiz: Work

1. A watermelon weighing 1.0 newton is lifted 2 meters. How much work is done?

2. It took 50 joules to push a shopping cart 5 meters. With what force was the shopping cart pushed?

3. A force of 100 newtons was necessary to lift a tree. A total of 150 joules of work was done. How far was the tree lifted?

4. A truck pushes a mound of dirt 5 meters with a force of 75 newtons. How much work has been done?

Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________________

Quiz: Work

1. A watermelon weighing 1.0 newton is lifted 2 meters. How much work is done?

2. It took 50 joules to push a shopping cart 5 meters. With what force was the shopping cart pushed?

3. A force of 100 newtons was necessary to lift a tree. A total of 150 joules of work was done. How far was the tree lifted?

4. A truck pushes a mound of dirt 5 meters with a force of 75 newtons. How much work has been done?


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Section 4: Using Machines

Instructions:

Students will make a Tri-fold Pocket Foldable in which they will categorize a list of twelve machines into ways machines make work easier. Students will cut out pictures of machines and place them in correct folder of the foldable. All graphics and labels are included for foldable, however students will need to give explanation of how machines make work easier and write on each folder. (I glued pictures on colored paper to make prettier cards.)

Along with graphics, directions for the Tri-fold Pocket Foldable are included and a mini-quiz.


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Tri-fold Pocket Foldable

Step 1: With paper horizontal, fold bottom edge up so that one-third of paper is showing.

Step 2: Fold paper into thirds, creasing edges well.

Step 3: Unfold and glue outside edges of first fold to form three pockets.


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Making Work Easier Cards Directions: Cut out following cards and place in corresponding pocket of Tri-fold Pocket Foldable once you determine if machine makes work easier by increasing force, increasing distance or changing direction of force.


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Making Work Easier – Labels for Tri-fold Pocket Foldable

Making Work Easier

Increasing Force

Increasing Distance

Changing Direction


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Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________________

Quiz: Using Machines

1. What is the difference between input force and output force?

2. What are two ways machines make work easier?

3. How can machines be made more efficient?

4. How does a using a ramp to put items in a truck make work easier?

5. How does using a hammer to nail boards together make work easier?

Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________________


1. What is the difference between input force and output force?

2. What are two ways machines make work easier?

3. How can machines be made more efficient?

4. How does a using a ramp to put items in a truck make work easier?

5. How does using a hammer to nail boards together make work easier?


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Section 5: Simple Machines

Instructions

Students will make a Six-door Foldable to showcase the six simple machines. On the inside of each flap students will need to give name and definition of simple machine. When all doors are open, students will need to find three examples of compound machines and paste inside foldable.

I’ve included all graphics for your master Science Interactive Notebook, but I suggest you have students find their own pictures for at least the compound machine to make sure they understand concept. Included for this section are directions to make the Six-Door Foldable, graphics and labels of simple machines and a mini-quiz.


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Six-Door Foldable

Step 1: With paper horizontal, fold paper into a shutter fold with outside edges meeting in the middle.

Step 2: Fold paper into thirds, creasing edges well.

Step 3: Unfold and cut along folds to make six doors.

Step 4: Add all graphics and definitions then paste into your Science Interactive Notebook.


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Directions: Cut out all graphics and paste to the front of your Six-door Foldable. Add labels and definitions on the back side of each “door” then find three examples of compound machines to paste in center of foldable.

Wheel and Axle Lever Inclined Plane Wedge Pulley Screw

Com

pound Machines

Simple M

achines


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Examples of Compound Machines

(Simple Machine Foldable)


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Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________________

Quiz: Simple Machines

______ 1. An inclined plane wrapped around a cylindrical post is a(n) ____.

a. lever b. screw c. wheel and axle d. pulley

______ 2. A winding mountain road is an example of a(n) ______.

a.. lever b. screw c. wheel and axle d. inclined plane

______ 3. When two or more simple machines work together, they are called a(n) ____.

a. effort machine b. dual machine c. compound machine d. force

______ 4. A system of pulleys is called _____.

a. block and tackle b. fixed system c. compound machine d. wedge

______ 5. Swinging a baseball bat is an example of a _____ lever.

a. 1st Class b. 2nd Class c. 3rd Class d. wheel and axle

Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________________

Quiz: Simple Machines

______ 1. An inclined plane wrapped around a cylindrical post is a(n) ____.

a. lever b. screw c. wheel and axle d. pulley

______ 2. A winding mountain road is an example of a(n) ______.

a.. lever b. screw c. wheel and axle d. inclined plane

______ 3. When two or more simple machines work together, they are called a(n) ____.

a. effort machine b. dual machine c. compound machine d. force

______ 4. A system of pulleys is called _____.

a. block and tackle b. fixed system c. compound machine d. wedge

______ 5. Swinging a baseball bat is an example of a _____ lever.

a. 1st Class b. 2nd Class c. 3rd Class d. wheel and axle


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Answer Key

Quiz: Nature of Energy

1. D 2. C 3. E 4. F 5. B 6. A 7. Mass/velocity 8. Light/radiant


1. electrical > thermal; 2. chemical > light/thermal; 3. chemical > radiant/thermal; 4. chemical > mechanical/electrical (nervous system)

Quiz: Work

1. 20 joules 2. 10 newtons 3. 1.5 meters 4. 375 joules


1. Input force is force applied to machine; output force is force applied by machine.

2. Increase force, Increase distance which force is applied, or change direction of force.

3. Reducing friction

4. Increase distance box can be pushed but using less work to put in truck.

5. Increase force applied to nail.

Quiz: Gravity

1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C

Making Work Easier Card Categories

Increase Force: seesaw, nutcracker, swim fins, shovel (can also change force)

Increase Distance: doorknob, can opener, corkscrew, bike, boat ramp

Change Direction: ax, scissors, pulley


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Appendix: Teacher Notes


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Wee!!

MOO

Boing

Question: What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

THE NATURE OF ENERGY

Energy — the ability to cause change Forms of energy include: * Electrical * Thermal * Chemical * Radiant Kinetic Energy — energy in the form of motion KE depends on mass and velocity of moving object. Example of KE: Going down a slide

Potential Energy — energy that is stored Example of PE: Waiting at top of slide Elastic Potential Energy – energy stored by something that can stretch or compress, such as rubber band or spring Chemical Potential Energy – energy stored in chemical bonds A glass of milk has CPE until you drink it then calories are used as energy for your body Gravitational Potential Energy – anything that can fall has stored GPE A ball on a ledge has GPE

A

B C D

Friction converts mechanical energy into thermal energy

The breakfast you eat converts chemical energy into mechanical energy, heat energy so your muscles can help you pump your legs.

Air resistance converts mechanical energy into thermal energy

Question: What Law states that the total amount of energy never changes?

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Energy can be transformed from one form to another. Mechanical Energy — total amount of kinetic energy and potential energy in a system Mechanical Energy = PE + KE POINT A: PE MAXIMUM, KE = O POINT B: KE , PE POINT C: KE , PE POINT D: PE MAXIMUM, KE = O TOTAL MECHANICAL ENERGY The Law of Conservation of Energy – Energy may change form but it cannot be created or destroyed under ordinary conditions. Ex.

Work (joules) = Force (Newtons) x Distance (meters) W = F x d

W = F x d W = (100N) x (5m)

Calculating Power

Power (watts) = work(J) time (s)

P = W t

P = W t

= 900J 5s

= 180 J/s

= 180 watts (w)

Question: How are humans different from other population?

WORK

Work — transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move For work to be done, something has to move and the motion must be same direction as force. When work is done, a transfer of energy always occurs. Calculating Work Ex. You push a wheelbarrow with a force of 100N. You moved the wheelbarrow 5m. How much work did you do? Power – the rate at which work is done. Ex. You do 900 J of work pushing a fridge. It took 5 seconds. What was your power?

OUTPUT FORCE

INPUT FORCE

Mechanical advantage = output force (newtons) Input force (newtons)

MA = FouT FIN

Question: What are some machines we use every day to help make doing work easier?

USING MACHINES

Machine — device that makes doing work easier Machines make work easier by increasing the force that can be applied to an object. Two forces are involved when machine does work

(FIN) Input Force Output Force (FOUT) The Force applied The force applied To machine by machine Mechanical advantage – the ratio of the output force to the input force Efficiency – measure of how much work put into a machine is changed into useful output work by the machine. Machines can be made more efficient by reducing friction.

10

50

Question: Where can one find simple machines?

SIMPLE MACHINES

Simple Machine — machine that does work with only one movement of the machine LEVER PULLEY Bar that is free to pivot Grooved wheel with a rope, around fixed point (fulcrum) chain or cable running along 1st Class Lever – fulcrum is groove between the input force and Fixed pulley – attached to output force something that doesn’t move 2nd Class Lever – output Moveable pulleys – one end force is between fulcrum and of the rope is fixed and the input force wheel is free to move 3rd Class Lever – input force is Block and Tackle – system between fulcrum and output of pulleys consisting of force fixed and moveable pulley WHEEL AND AXLE INCLINED PLANE Consists of an axle attached to Sloping surface, such as a center of a larger wheel so that ramp that do work the wheel and axle rotate together reduces the amount of force required to THE SCREW THE WEDGE Inclined plane wrapped in a spiral An inclined plane with one or around a cylindrical post two sloping sides Compound Machine – Two or more simple machines that operate together

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