Playing around with stuff to find out what happens

What if? How do I fix this?

What is the solution?

How can I prove?

Is it true?

Talk to children about safety An emergency plan Don’t eat or drink while experimenting Label on-going projects Keep science equipment in a labeled container Keep first-aid & safety equipment with in easy reach Use Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

BORAX

Section 1 - Product and Company Identification Section 9 - Physical & Chemical Properties

Section 2 - Composition/Information on Ingredients

Section 10 - Stability & Reactivity Data

Section 3 - Hazards Identification Including Emergency Overview

Section 11 - Toxicological Information

Section 4 - First Aid Measures Section 12 - Ecological Information

Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures Section 13 - Disposal Considerations

Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures Section 14 - MSDS Transport Information

Section 7 - Handling and Storage Section 15 - Regulatory Information

Section 8 - Exposure Controls & Personal Protection

Section 16 - Other Information

Section 2 - Composition/Information on Ingredients BORAX

Ingredient Name: SODIUM TETRABORATE, DECAHYDRATE------------------------------------------------ EPA Reporting Quantity: DOT Reporting Quantity: Ozone Depleting Chemical: N

Talk to children about safety An emergency plan Don’t eat or drink while experimenting Label on-going projects Keep science equipment in a labeled container Keep first-aid & safety equipment with in easy reach Use Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

http://msds.ehs.cornell.edu Supervise all labs

… the study of God’s creation What do you need?

Pond Critters Microscope Dissection materials

What can you do? Grow things

Plants, molds, animals Examine things

Cells, pond water, before & after Observe things

Plants, weather, animals

… The study of God’s order What do you need?

Fire Glassware Chemicals

What can you do? Mix a concoction Make models Test

… the study of God’s rules of science

What do you need? Batteries & wire Magnets Tools Lights

What can you do? Build something

Skateboard ramps, speakers, toothpick bridge

Make light, electricity, or sound An electric motor

Take things apart

Follow a curriculum

Follow an encyclopedia outline or scope & sequence

Develop your own based on student’s interest

Start with lab book

Follow a curriculumBegin at the index

What have you already done?What’s important for future study?What’s interesting?

Follow an encyclopedia outline or scope & sequence

Develop your own based on student’s interest

Start with lab book

Follow a curriculumBegin at the index

What have you already done?What’s important for future study?What’s interesting?

Follow an encyclopedia outline or scope & sequence

Develop your own based on student’s interest

Start with lab book

American chemists

• Adams, Roger

• Agre, Peter

• Altman, Sidney

• Baekeland, Leo H.

• Berg, Paul

• Bloch, Konrad E.

• Cohen, Stanley

• Conant, James Bryant

• Corey, Elias James

• Cram, Donald James

• Curl, Robert Floyd, Jr.

British chemists

• Faraday, Michael

• Franklin, Rosalind E.

• Graham, Thomas

• Harden, Sir Arthur

• Hodgkin, Dorothy C.

• Klug, Sir Aaron

• French chemists

• Berthelot, Marcellin

• Chardonnet, Hilaire

• Courtois, Bernard

• Curie, Marie S.

•  German chemists

• Swedish chemists

• Swiss chemists

Branches of chemistry

• Analytical chemistry

• Biochemistry

• Electrochemistry

• Femtochemistry

• Geochemistry

• Inorganic chemistry

• Organic chemistry

• Photochemistry

• Physical chemistry

• Radiochemistry

Groups of compounds

• Acid

• Alcohol

• Alkali

• Alkaloid

• Amino acid

• Anhydride

• Base

• Bromide

• Carbide

Terms

• Allotropy

• Alloy

• Bond [chemical]

• Colloid

• Compound

• Crystal

• Density

• Electromotive series

• Emulsion

• Halogen

• Ion

Processes and tests

• Absorption and adsorption

• Calcination

• Catalysis

• Chemical reaction

• Chromatography

• Combustion

• Corrosion

• Decomposition

• Diffusion

• Distillation

Other related articles

• Alchemy

• Atom

• Centrifuge

• Chemical, biological, radiological warfare

• Crime laboratory (Analyzing the evidence)

• Drug (How drugs are produced and sold)

• Electron

• Energy

• Fluid

• Flux

• Freezing point

• Gas

• Geochemistry

• Heat (Sources of heat)

• Liquid air

• Liquid crystal

• Mass

• Matter

• Metal

• Neutron

Related Information: ChemistryLinks to related World Book articles, study questions, and additional resources

Encyclopedia articles

Questions

• What early chemical practice involved trying to turn lead and other metals into gold? • Who proposed that the bond between atoms in a molecule consists of a pair of shared electrons? • What did the phlogiston theory have in common with all other good chemical theories? • Who began the use of letters as symbols for chemical elements? • What are some environmental and safety problems faced by the chemical industry? • What was the first chemical reaction that human beings learned to produce and control? • Whose combustion theory replaced the phlogiston theory? • Why did the chemical industry in several countries expand greatly during World Wars I and II? • Who was the first chemist to make an organic molecule from inorganic substances? • How do physical changes and chemical changes differ?

Books to read

• Kotz, Jack C. Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity. 5th ed. Brooks/Cole, 2002. • Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 84th ed. CRC Pr., 2003. • Masterton, William L., and Hurley, C. N. Chemistry. 5th ed. Brooks/Cole, 2003. • McMurry, John, and Fay, R. C. Chemistry. 4th ed. Prentice Hall, 2004. • Myers, Richard. The Basics of Chemistry. Greenwood, 2003. • Parker, Sybil P., ed. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemistry. 2nd ed. McGraw, 2003.  http://www.worldbook.com/wb/RelatedInfo?id=ar108700&st=chemistry&mt=cs

Boiling Point

Boiling Point, temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid slightly exceeds the pressure of the atmosphere above the liquid. At temperatures below the boiling point (b.p.), evaporation takes place only from the surface of the liquid; during boiling, vapor forms within the body of the liquid; and as the vapor bubbles rise through the liquid, they cause the turbulence and seething associated with boiling. If the liquid is a single substance or an azeotropic solution (a mixture that has a constant b.p.), it will continue to boil as heat is added without any rise in temperature; that is, boiling occurs at constant temperature regardless of the amount of heat applied to the liquid.When the pressure on a liquid is increased, the b.p. goes up. Water at 1 atmosphere pressure (760 torr, or about 14.7 lb/sq in) boils at 100° C (212° F), but when the pressure is 218 atmospheres (165,000 torr, or 3200 lb/sq in), the b.p. reaches its maximum, 374° C (705° F). Above this temperature (the critical temperature of water), liquid water is identical to saturated steam. See Pressure.

"Boiling Point," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2006http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2006 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Science – 9th Grade

* Earth's history* Earth science* Ecology and environment* Weather and climate* Air and air pressure* Air masses and fronts* Water and its uses* Erosion* Air and water pollution* Heats and fuels* Electricity and electronics * Solar and nuclear energy* Nature and uses of light* Simple and complex machines* Atomic structure* Chemistry of matter* Molecular theory* Nature and use of chemicals* Metals and plastics* Space and astronomy* Space travel* Nature and causes of disease

Science – 11th Grade

* Matter and its behavior* Carbon and its compounds* Formulas and chemical equations* Acids, bases, salts* Atomic theory* Periodic law* Water and solutions* Chemical bonding* Molecular theory* Equilibrium and kinetics* Spontaneous reactions * Titrations* Ionization and ionic solutions* Colloids, suspensoids, and

emulsoids* Oxidation-reduction* Nonmetals* Metals and alloys* Electrochemistry* Energy: forms, chemical changes, and measurement

Follow a curriculumBegin at the index

What have you already done?What’s important for future study?What’s interesting?

Follow an encyclopedia outline or scope & sequence

Develop your own based on student’s interestAsk questions

Why? How? Look at resources

Scope & sequence, book index Let your child explore

Start with lab book

Follow a curriculumBegin at the index

What have you already done?What’s important for future study?What’s interesting?

Follow an encyclopedia outline or scope & sequence

Develop your own based on student’s interestAsk questions

Why? How? Look at resources

Scope & sequence, book index Let your child explore

Start with lab bookLook at the labs

Decide what you really want to doStudent may need to research information

Chemistry Lab Manual, A Beka, 1986

1. State the problemWho? What? Why? How?

2. Collect informationResearch. Ask. Go

3. Develop a hypothesisTake a guess

4. Design an experiment Doing. Observing. Making. Building.

5. Draw a conclusion What happened? Why? The conclusion leads to the next question

Organic Gardening, December 1994

Mother Earth News #81, March/April 1983

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