SCIENCE GRADE 3 Enrichment/Instructional Packet

ELEMENTARY SCIENCE

Prince George’s County Public Schools Division of Academics

Department of Curriculum and Instruction

The teacher will not grade this packet.

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Note To Administrators, Teachers, Students, and Parents/Guardians

The activities in this packet are designed to keep our students intellectually active and engaged in learning while schools are closed due to precautionary measures regarding the Coronavirus. Schools will be closed Monday, March 16 through Friday, March 27, 2020.

To support Grade 3 students, the items in this packet cover current science learning in Grade 3.

Students in Grade 3 are in the process of being prepared for Grade 4 and finishing elementary school in Grade 5. Once the Grade 3 students reach Grade 5, they will be administered the Grade 5 Maryland Integrated Science Assessment (MISA) in the spring of 2021. The Next Generation Science Standards that can be assessed on MISA include content taught from Grades 3, 4, and 5.

Students can use their Science Dimensions student textbook, Science Dimensions student workbook, Discovery EducationTechbook and other science resources to help answer the items in this packet. Students are allowed to work at their pace accordingly as they navigate through this packet.

Suggested Daily Activity Schedule

Page Numbers Suggested Questions and Items to Complete Daily

Day 1 and Day 2 pp. 5 – 6 1, 2, 3

Day 3 and Day 4 pp. 7- 8 4, 5, 6

Day 5 and Day 6 pp. 9 – 12 7, 8, 9

Day 7 and Day 8 pg. 14 10, 11, 12

Day 9 and Day 10 pg. 14 13, 14, 15

Day 10 and Day 11 pg. 15 16, 17, 18

Day 12 and Day 13 pg. 16 19, 20, 21

Day 14 and Day 15 pg. 17 22, 23

Day 16 and Day 17 pp. 18 - 19 24, 25, 26

Day 18 and Day 19 pp. 20 - 21 27, 28, 29

Days 20 - 21 Student Edition Science Dimensions Textbook pp. 85 - 86 (Physical Science)

Days 22 - 23 Student Edition Science Dimensions Textbook pp. 127 - 128 (Physical Science)

Days 24 - 25 Student Edition Science Dimensions Textbook pp. 419 - 420 (Earth and Space Science)

Days 26 - 27 Student Edition Science Dimensions Textbook pp. 441- 442 (Earth and Space Science)

Days 28 - 30 Student Edition Science Dimensions Textbook pp. 443 (Earth and Space Science)

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Students can access their Science Dimensions student textbook and Discovery EducationTechbook™ online through Clever by going to https://www.pgcps.org/students/. Below are screenshots to show the steps to access Clever on students are on the PGCPS Student Resources page. Step One: Click the “Login to Clever” box.

Step Two: Click the “Log in With Activity Directory” box.

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Step Three: Type in your user name and password.

Step Four: After you have logged in, located the icons as shown below to access HMH Science Dimensions and Discovery Education Techbook™.

HMH Science Dimensions

Discovery Education Techbook™

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A student is making an electromagnet to conduct an investigation. She gathers two nails, a 5 cm long wire, a 10 cm long wire, a battery, and a box of paper clips. She starts by coiling the 5 cm wire around the nail and attaches the ends of the wire to the battery. She records the number of paperclips it attracts on her lab sheet during each of three trials. Next, she coils the 10 cm wire around the nail. She connects the ends of the wire to the battery. She completes three trials with this second setup.

Wire Length

Number of Coils around

Nail

Number of Paperclips Picked-Up

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

5 cm wire 10 4 7 5

10 cm wire 20 10 ? ? 1. What do you predict about the number of paperclips that will be picked-up in Trial 2 and Trial 3

for the 10 cm wire? Provide evidence from the investigation to support your answer.

2. Electromagnets create a ________ field around a core. The battery, wire, and core cause the ________ current to flow, which magnetizes the metal.

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A. compass, electricity B. magnetic, electric C. magnetic, compass D. electric, energy

Read the passage below to answer Item #3.

Solutions for Elephants

Elephants in zoos need a lot of foot care. The zookeepers need a stool for the elephants to kneel on while their toenails are trimmed. Elephants can weigh up to 13,000 pounds, so it must be strong. However, it must be lightweight enough that a zookeeper can move it around. You may use concrete, steel, wood, or plastic for the stool; although, you may add small amounts of other materials for additional parts. Adapted from Discovery Education Techbook 3. What shapes will you use in your stool? What materials will you use to build your stool? Explain how you will put these materials together to meet the needs of the zookeepers and elephants?

4. A company is making plans for a skyscraper. They consider adding extra support to the structure using stronger materials. Which constraints might the company experience by doing this? Select all that apply.

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A. Safety of the building B. Cost of the materials C. Durability of the skyscraper D. Time it will take to build

Sheldon rolled a ball down three different ramps. Each ramp is a different height. He measured how far the ball rolled each time. His measurements are on the table.

5. What pattern do the measurements show?

A. The higher the ramp, the faster the ball rolls. B. The higher the ramp, the farther the ball rolls. C. The higher the ramp, the less distance the ball rolls. D. The ramp height does not affect how far the ball rolls

Use the pictures below to answer Question #6.

The pictures below show how a seesaw moves.

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Left Side of Seesaw Down

Right Side of Seesaw Up

Left Side of Seesaw Up

Right Side of Seesaw Down

6. What is the pattern of movement of the seesaw?

A. Both sides stay at equal heights. B. The left side goes up when the right goes up. C. The left goes up when the right goes down. D. The left goes down when the right goes down.

The picture below shows an adult and a child sitting in a swing.

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7. Two boys are standing behind each person and they are about to use the same force to push the adult and the child. Which describes what will happen?

A. The child will move faster. B. The parent will move faster. C. The parent will swing backward. D. The child will change directions.

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Forces

Everyone knows that kicking a soccer ball causes it to roll across the grass. But what makes this happen? What is required to make the ball move faster? What’s the difference, in other words, between passing the soccer ball to a teammate and shooting for the goal?

Kicking a ball may seem simple, but physicists spent years trying to figure out why objects move the way they do. What they discovered is that kicking a soccer ball requires applying force to the surface of the ball. The greater the force, the faster the ball will go, and the further it will travel. How much force you apply to the ball, that is, will often determine whether you score a goal or not.

The combination of force and distance equals what is called “work.” In this case, we don’t mean the noun form of work, like a job. We are talking about work as a verb, as a form of action. Work can be taking out the trash or cleaning dishes in your house. Furniture movers work by carrying chairs and tables out of one apartment and into another. If the first apartment is on the second floor and the second apartment is on the fourth floor, carrying the furniture into the second apartment will require about twice as much work as the first.

Keep in mind that force and work are not the same things as energy. Energy comes in several forms. But the best way to understand it is as something that creates the ability to do work. When someone says, “I don’t have any energy,” what do they usually mean? Often, they mean they don’t have the strength or motivation to work.

Without energy, it is hard to play soccer or lift furniture. In fact, it may even be difficult to get out of bed. Energy is what allows us to do work. The more energy we have, the more work we can do.

Mathematicians use the following simple equation to define the meaning of work: force x distance = work. The heavier an object is, in other words, the more force it exerts in the form of gravity. Picking an anvil up off the ground requires more energy than picking up a feather. If you’re interested in building muscles, though, keep in mind that lifting heavier things will make you stronger over time. And the stronger you are, the more likely you are to win at soccer. Adapted from 2013 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved.

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8. Imagine three different soccer players shooting at the goal. Player A has a lightweight ball and is close to the goal, Player B has a heavy ball and is close to the goal, and Player C has a heavy ball and is far from the goal. Which player will need the most energy to score a goal, and which player will need the least energy? Support your answer using your background knowledge and the text.

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Magnetism

Has anyone ever told you that you have a magnetic personality? Well, if someone ever says that to you, thank him or her. It is a compliment. Having a magnetic personality means that people are drawn to you, just like how some metal objects may be drawn to magnets.

Magnetism is the force that electric currents exert on other electric currents. This force can be created by the motion of electrons in the atoms of certain materials, which are called magnets. Certain rocks and minerals are natural magnets. Magnetism may also be produced when an electric current flows through a coil of wire around a piece of metal, magnetizing the metal. The coil of wire and the metal together are called an electromagnet. In either case, magnetism can cause an attraction or a repulsion of two magnets. It may pull them together or push them apart.

Some objects have magnetic fields, which are magnetic forces near or around them. The earth has a magnetic field. So do many of the planets in our solar system, as well as some of their moons. The sun also has a magnetic field. Some scientists think that the earth’s magnetic field pushes away the sun's solar wind. For living things, some animals might naturally be able to detect the earth’s magnetic field. For example, some scientists believe that dolphins and pigeons can sense the earth’s magnetism. They use the earth’s magnetism to find their way when traveling, especially for long distances. Adapted from 2013 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved.

9. What are two ways that magnetism is created? Use your background knowledge and evidence from the text to support your answer.

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Use the information below to answer Question #10. The graphs show weather for each season in Capital City. The first graph shows the average temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, °F. The second graph shows the average precipitation in inches.

10. Which type of climate does Capital City experience during the summer?

A. Hot and dry B. Hot and wet C. Cold and dry D. Cold and wet

11. Which weather is most likely to occur in a tropical climate near the equator?

A. Dry and hot B. Dry and cold C. Rainy and hot D. Rainy and cold

12. The picture shows weather over a mountain range.

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Which kind of weather is happening?

A. dry B. fair C. sunny D. rainy

13. What causes a drought?

A. hot weather B. moving water C. less rainfall than normal D. more rainfall than normal

Use the information below to answer Question # 14. Lofton looked at the weather forecast online. She found this table. The temperature is given in degrees Fahrenheit (°F).

14. Which weather conditions are most likely in Lofton’s town Thursday night?

A. clear and cool B. foggy and cold C. snowing and cold D. raining and warm

15. Which of these describes climate best?

A. number of floods in a year

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B. amount of rain in one month C. type of weather over many years D. where an area is located on Earth

16. Which month would this city be most likely to have a 7 mph southeast wind?

A. January B. April C. August D. December

17. Isaiah made a graph of the average low temperature in his city every other month. The temperatures are in degrees Fahrenheit, °F.

Which low temperature is most likely to occur in Isaiah’s city for a day in January?

A. 46 °F B. 56 °F C. 65 °F D. 72 °F

18. Ryan is studying Bactrian camels. The camels live in an area that is very hot in the summer. It is very cold in the winter. There is little water in the area. What helps the camel live in this area?

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A. They grow a thicker coat of hair before summer. B. They live in a tropical area that is warm and wet. C. They store fat in their humps to use for energy and water. D. None of the above.

19. Which tool measures precipitation?

A. wind vane B. rain gauge C. anemometer D. thermometer

20. This house was designed to reduce the impact of a certain type of weather hazard.

Which type of weather hazard is this house designed for?

A. flooding B. blizzards C. tornadoes D. ice storms

21. This picture below shows a symbol for a type of severe weather.

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What does this symbol represent?

A. tornado B. blizzard C. hurricane D. thunderstorm

22. This picture shows weather that is hazardous.

Which part of the image shown in the picture is most dangerous? A. cloud B. lightning C. rain D. thunder

Read the following article about Flash Floods. After reading answer Item #23. A small stream flows through the woods. Suddenly, the sky gets very dark. The wind blows. Big raindrops begin

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to fall faster and faster. The rain pours down. The stream cannot hold all of the water and overflows. The water rushes through the woods. The water is fast and powerful. It washes away rocks and soil in almost no time at all. Things in nature can happen very fast. Keep yourself safe during a flood. Get to higher ground. Never swim or play in flood waters. Source: Flash Flood From Discovery Education. Reading Passage. http://www.discoveryeducation.com (accessed 29 July 2019).

23. Describe four things a family can do to be safe in a flood.

24. The diagram shows a crane picking up pieces of iron. Which problem is being solved by the use of a magnet in this picture?

A. how to build tall houses B. how to make iron magnetic C. how to move heavy pieces of iron D. how to hold a crane and iron pieces together

Kate used bricks to build 3 ramps. She rolled identical toy cars down each ramp. The picture shows her setup.

Rolling Cars

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25. Which of the following can be Kate's observation after she rolled the cars down each ramp? A. All three cars rolled down the ramps at exactly the same speed. B. The car on Ramp A rolled down the ramp faster than the cars on the other ramps. C. The car on Ramp B rolled down the ramp faster than the cars on the other ramps. D. The car on Ramp C rolled down the ramp faster than the cars on the other ramps.

26. The picture below shows students pulling on a rope. The arrow shows the direction the rope is moving. Identify whether the forces are balanced or unbalanced.

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The picture shows students pulling on a rope. The arrow shows the direction the rope is moving. Are the forces balanced or unbalanced? Explain your answer below.

Two dogs are pulling away from each other on a rope at the same time.

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← → 27. Which statement about the picture above is correct?

A. One dog will drop the rope. B. Both dogs will split the rope. C. Both dogs are applying force by pulling the rope. D. One dog is applying force and one dog is not.

28. Whitney wants to know what would happen to her domino set after she push-back the first domino. Which picture shows the most likely result after Whitney pushes over the first domino?

29. The table below shows the average monthly precipitation for Baltimore, Maryland for twelve months.

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Data retrieved from http://www.rssweather.com/climate/Maryland/Baltimore/

What was the average precipitation for the month of April? A. 5.2 inches B. 3.9 inches C. 3.1 inches D. 3.4 inches