Science Final Exam Study Guide

End of Year 2012

• Student name _____________________• Date ________________• Period _________

• I have either assisted my child in studying for this test or have observed him/her studying.

• Parent signature: _____________________• Bonus of 10 Points for parent signature.

#1

• When earthworms add their waste to the soil, then die and decay in the soil, they are contributing to the formation of humus.

#2

• Soil that is rich in humus has high fertility.

#3

• A hot and wet climate causes weathering to take place rapidly.

#4

• Ice wedging causes mechanical weathering of rock by means of freezing and thawing of water.

#5

• Any form of water that falls from clouds is called precipitation.

#6

• Large clouds that often produce thunderstorms are called cumulonimbus clouds.

#7

• A volcano that may erupt sometime in the distant future is called dormant.

#8

• Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called magma.

#9

• In a heliocentric system, Earth revolves around the sun.

#10

• The layer of the sun you see looking at when you look at an image of the sun is the photosphere.

#11

• When a tsunami hits the shore, it can be very destructive because of its large wave height.

#12

• A nearly flat region of the ocean floor, covered with thick layers of sediment, is called an abyssal plain.

#13

• A technique that uses sound waves to measure the depth of the ocean floor is sonar.

#14

• Earth’s atmosphere is important to living things because it provides all the gases that living things need to survive.

#15

• The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surround Earth.

#16

• The lifetime of a star depends on its mass.

#17

• A light year is the distance light travels in a year.

#18

• Pangaea is the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago.

#19

• The transfer of energy through empty space is called radiation.

#20

• The correct order of Earth’s layers, starting from the surface is: crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.

#21

• The softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is talc….the hardest is a diamond.

#22

• If you broke a mineral into tiny pieces, it would still show the same crystal structure.

#23

• Although brick, steel, and glass all come from substances found in Earth’s crust, they are not classified as minerals because they are not naturally occurring.

#24

• A mineral is inorganic, which means that it contains no materials that were once part of living things.

#25

• Astronomy is the branch of Earth Science that includes the study of stars.

#26

• The ability to do work or cause change is called energy.

#27

• The total amount of water on Earth is fairly constant.

#28

• Approximately 3% of Earth’s water is fresh water.

#29

• The energy that produces ocean waves comes from wind blowing across the water’s surface.

#30

• The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another is called erosion.

#31

• Fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable resources because they take hundreds of millions of years to form.

#32

• The three main fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas.

#33

• If the Coast Guard warns of a giant wave of water approaching the shore as the result of a major earthquake, they are warning of a tsunami.

#34

• A seismograph records the ground movements caused by seismic waves.

#35

• Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun.

#36

• Day and night are caused by Earth’s rotation on its axis.

#37

• The season’s are caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis as Earth revolves around the sun.

#38

• The average year-after-year conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area are known as climate.

#39

• Fossils are formed when living things die and their remains are buried by sediment.

#40

• A fossil is the preserved remains or traces of an organism.