science and technology in era of global integration mohammed sadeqi presented at university of...
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Science and Technology in Science and Technology in Era of Global IntegrationEra of Global Integration
Mohammed SadeqiMohammed Sadeqi
Presented at Presented at University of DenverUniversity of Denver
11 January 200611 January 2006
OutlineOutline
Evolution of Science & technologyEvolution of Science & technology
-Pre industrial revolution-Pre industrial revolution
-Post industrial revolution-Post industrial revolution Developmental Performance IndexesDevelopmental Performance Indexes Path toward technological Path toward technological
advancement and technological advancement and technological dependence.dependence.
Conclusion Conclusion
Evolution of Science & TechnologyEvolution of Science & Technology
Pre-Industrial RevolutionPre-Industrial Revolution Science and Technology Was Controlled by the Authority of Science and Technology Was Controlled by the Authority of
StatesStates Science and Technology was answering philosophical Science and Technology was answering philosophical
Questions.Questions. Science and Technology was used as tools of war and forced Science and Technology was used as tools of war and forced
domination.domination. During that era, general public to a large extent were not the During that era, general public to a large extent were not the
primary beneficial of the Technological advancement.primary beneficial of the Technological advancement. R&D WAS BASICALLY MANAGED BY GOVERNMENT R&D WAS BASICALLY MANAGED BY GOVERNMENT "PUBLIC "PUBLIC
RESEARCH"RESEARCH"After the Industrial RevolutionAfter the Industrial Revolution Science and Technology Directly Linked to the Economy and Science and Technology Directly Linked to the Economy and
Business.Business.
General public are effected and are benefiting from General public are effected and are benefiting from technological advancement.technological advancement.
R&D WAS MANAGED BY BOTH GOVERNMENTS AND PRIVATE R&D WAS MANAGED BY BOTH GOVERNMENTS AND PRIVATE SECTOR.SECTOR.
Some countries made the transition quickly others were slow Some countries made the transition quickly others were slow and fell behind. Today we have about four types of countries:-and fell behind. Today we have about four types of countries:-
Universal Educational Universal Educational IndexIndex
RegionRegionNo. ofNo. ofilliteracy rate illiteracy rate %%
Ave. years in Ave. years in schoolschool
IlliteratIlliterateses
MillionsMillions
MalMalee
FemalFemalee
TotalTotal197019701992199220002000
Developing Developing CountriesCountries
Least Dev. Least Dev. CountriesCountries
Arab RegionArab Region
East AsiaEast Asia
Latin AmericaLatin America
South AsiaSouth Asia
AfricaAfrica
East Europe & CISEast Europe & CIS
OECDOECD
835.8835.8
167.4167.4
57.757.7
196.6196.6
40.840.8
399.0399.0
132.1132.1
4.44.4
--
19.419.4
38.438.4
26.926.9
8.58.5
11.311.3
33.533.5
31.731.7
0.80.8
--
34.734.7
58.158.1
51.051.0
21.321.3
13.113.1
56.856.8
47.447.4
1.81.8
--
27.127.1
48.448.4
38.738.7
14.714.7
12.212.2
44.944.9
40.440.4
1.41.4
--
--
--
--
--
3.83.8
2.12.1
--
--
7.37.3
3.93.9
1.61.6
3.43.4
5.25.2
5.45.4
2.32.3
1.61.6
8.88.8
11.111.1
--
--
--
--
6.16.1
4.74.7
--
--
9.69.6
Economic PerformanceEconomic Performance
RegionsRegionsGDP GDP (Billions)(Billions)
US$US$ PPP$PPP$
GDP GDP Per Per
capitacapita
PPPPPP$ $
GDP Per GDP Per capitacapita
Annual Annual growth growth
raterate
Patent Patent granted granted
to to residents residents
per per million million people people
20002000200020002000200075-75-0000
90-0090-00
Developing Developing countriescountries
Least developedLeast developed
China (96)China (96)
India (124)India (124)
Arab StatesArab States
OECDOECD
Norway (1)Norway (1)
United State (6)United State (6)
JapanJapan
The worldThe world
6,0596,059
178.5178.5
1,0801,080
457457
603603
25,5525,5588
161.8161.8
9,8379,837.4.4
4,8414,841
30,9730,9711
17,43817,438
669.4669.4
5,0195,019
2,3952,395
1,0501,050
26,52526,525
134134
9,6139,613
3,3943,394
44,00244,002
3,7833,783
1,2161,216
3,9763,976
2,3582,358
4,7934,793
23,57023,570
29,91829,918
34,14234,142
26,75526,755
7,4467,446
2.32.3
0.30.3
8.18.1
3.23.2
0.30.3
2.02.0
2.62.6
2.02.0
2.72.7
1.21.2
3.13.1
1.31.3
9.19.1
4.14.1
0.70.7
1.71.7
3.13.1
2.22.2
1.11.1
1.21.2
N/AN/A
N/AN/A
11
11
N/AN/A
266266
103103
289289
994994
N/AN/A
Measures of Effective R&DMeasures of Effective R&DCountriesCountriesActive Active
ResearchersResearchersReferenced Referenced
PapersPapersReferenced Referenced
paper/ paper/ million of million of populationpopulation
USAUSA
SwitzerlandSwitzerland
AustraliaAustralia
IsraelIsrael
Rep. KoreaRep. Korea
IndiaIndia
ChinaChina
EgyptEgypt
KSAKSA
AlgeriaAlgeria
KuwaitKuwait
466,211466,211
17,02817,028
24,96324,963
11,61711,617
2,2552,255
29,50929,509
15,55815,558
3,7823,782
1,9151,915
362362
884884
10,48110,481
523523
280280
169169
55
3131
3131
11
11
11
11
42.9942.99
79.979.9
17.2317.23
38.6338.63
0.120.12
0.040.04
0.030.03
0.020.02
0.070.07
0.010.01
0.530.53
Technology Use IndexTechnology Use Index
RegionsRegionsTelephone/Telephone/k peoplek people
Mobile/k Mobile/k peoplepeople
Internet Internet host/k host/k peoplepeople
1990199020002000199019902000200019919900
20002000
Developing Developing countriescountries
Least developedLeast developed
China (96)China (96)
India (124)India (124)
Arab StatesArab States
OECDOECD
Norway (1)Norway (1)
United State (6)United State (6)
The worldThe world
2121
33
66
66
3535
392392
502502
545545
9999
7878
66
112112
3232
7777
524524
532532
700700
163163
--
00
--
00
--
1010
4646
2121
22
5252
33
6666
44
3838
459459
751751
398398
121121
--
--
--
--
--
8.58.5
19.319.3
2323
1.71.7
0.70.7
--
0.10.1
--
0.20.2
92.092.0
101.1101.1
295.2295.2
17.817.8
International Declaration on International Declaration on Human DevelopmentHuman Development: Global : Global
InequalityInequalityUN General Assembly in year 2000 declared UN General Assembly in year 2000 declared the millennium goals to be achieved by year the millennium goals to be achieved by year 2015:-2015:-
1.1.Achieve universal primary educationAchieve universal primary education
2.2.Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerEradicate extreme poverty and hunger
3.3.Promote gender equalityPromote gender equality
4.4.Reduce child mortality.Reduce child mortality.
5.5.Improve maternal healthImprove maternal health
6.6.Combat HIV/AID, malaria and other diseases.Combat HIV/AID, malaria and other diseases.
7.7.Ensure environmental sustainability.Ensure environmental sustainability.
8.8.Develop a global partnership for development.Develop a global partnership for development.
ConclusionConclusionHowever we look at this issue, it comes down to However we look at this issue, it comes down to the fact that we as people are and will continue the fact that we as people are and will continue to be more and more inter-depended on each to be more and more inter-depended on each other in meeting the survival challenges of the other in meeting the survival challenges of the future.future.
We must recognize the importance of co-existing We must recognize the importance of co-existing to uphold the principles of human dignity and to uphold the principles of human dignity and equality among nations, and not to condone the equality among nations, and not to condone the monopoly of science and technology by the few to monopoly of science and technology by the few to enslave the majority. This can only lead our enslave the majority. This can only lead our world to anarchy and chaos. world to anarchy and chaos.
Science and technology in this new era of global Science and technology in this new era of global integration offers enormous potential integration offers enormous potential developmental benefits. However, they will not be developmental benefits. However, they will not be realized unless more of the world’s population realized unless more of the world’s population are actively included.are actively included.