SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

REFERENCE BOOKS ChemistryREFERENCE BOOKS

HACKH-GRANT

* Chemical Dictionary-3rd Edition217 Ilus. This new edition provides over 57,000 clear, intelligible definitions of chemical terms covering925 Pager all of modern chemistry and related sciences. Of timely interest is the restatement and redefi-$12.00 nition of each term taking into account the latest concepts of the phenomena of science and(1944) connecting these phenomena with each other. Many tables, formulas and portraits are included.

Revised by JULIUS GRANT, M.SC., PH.D., F.R.I.C.

MELLAN

* Organic Reagents in Inorganic Analysis682 Pages In this book all organic reagents are described and their reactive groups and resulting compounds

$9.00 are demonstrated graphically. 230 qualitative, 240 quantitative tests (colorimetric, gravimetric(1941) and volumetric) are included. By I. MELLAN, PHG, M.Sc., F.A.I.C.

SUCKLING

* Examination oF Waters and Water Supplies-5th Edition63 Illus. This is a complete guide to the solution of all modern problems concerning the examination,849 Pages estimation and purification of waters and water supplies, including physical, biological, chemical(1943) and bacteriological methods. By E. SUCKLING, M.R.C.S., D.P.H. (Lond.)

CLAYTON

* Theory oF Emulsions and Their Technical Treatment-4th Edition103 IMus. Thoroughly revised, this book presents a study of emulsions with emphasis on their technical492 Pages and industrial applications. New material on the bulk production of emulsions, greatly extended$10.00 bibliographies, and many new illustrations and useful tables are included. By W. CLAYTON,(1943) D.Sc., F.I.C. (Lond.)

FOWLES

0 Lecture Experiments in Chemistry-2nd Edition150 Inus. This book describes 547 experiments in chemistry and gives detailed instructions for classroom564 Pages demonstrations. It will render especial help to teachers because of its notes on reagents, his-

$5.00 torical data, bibliographies, simplicity of apparatus recommended and constructive suggestionsto teachers. By G. FOWLES, F.C.S. (Eng.)

THE BLAKISTON COMPANY Philadelphia 5, Pa.

-41

JULY 21, 1944 9

SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT

SCIENCE NEWSScience Service, Washington, D. C.

DRYING PENICILLIN BY RADIO HEATA METHOD of using radio heat for drying penicillin,

accomplishing this step forty-eight times as fast as thepresent "freeze-drying" method, has been developed byDr. George H. Brown, research engineer of the RadioCorporation of America.

Tests of the electronic equipment made at the new E. R.Squibb penicillin production plant at New Brunswick,N. J., showed that in twenty-four hours enough penicillincould be dried to treat 4,000 patients each requiring

~500,000 units of the germ-fighting mold chemical.This drying of the penicillin is only one step in produc-

tion, which starts with growing the mold and proceedsthrough extraction and purification processes. After puri-fication, the penicillin is still in a solution with a potencyof about 40,000 units per cubic centimeter. The objectiveis to attain 100,000 units per cubic centimeter. Sinceordinary heat methods of evaporation destroy the effec-tiveness of the chemical, the bulk reduction has been ae-complished by evaporation in a high vacuum at belowfreezing temperatures. Dr. Brown's electronic bulk-reducer uses radio frequency current to concentrate thepenicillin solution.

Advantages for the electronic method besides the savingin time are given as follows: 1. Reduction in operatingcosts equivalent to the saving of one ton of dry ice a dayor about $65 per 24 hours. 2. Reduction in maintenancecosts. 3. Smoother flow of production. 4. Reduction infloor space requirements by nearly 10 times. 5. Saving ininitial investment of several hundred per cent. The equip-ment of the RCA is to be sold at a cost of about $6,000for a single unit.

THE GROWTH HORMONEAN accurate, sensitive method for testing the potency

of the pituitary growth hormone has been worked out byDr. Herbert Evans, Dr. Miriam E. Simpson and. Dr.Walter Marx, of the University of California at Berkeley.The test is based on the fact that a cartilage disk on

the end of one of the leg bones, the epiphyseal cartilageof the tibia, changes its width in proportion to the in-crease of weight of the young rat as it grows. The solu-tion of the growth hormone to be tested is injected forfour days in succession into an immature female rat fromwhich the pituitary gland has been removed. At the endof the fifth day the tibia is dissected, split, and hardenedwith formalin. It is then treated with a silver solution,exposed to light, fixed, and washed, somewhat in the man-ner of a photographic film. The epiphyseal cartilageshows up as a white band which may be measured underthe low-power microscope. Width of this band is pro-portional to the amount and strength of the hormone.

Trial of the growth hormone is as yet limited to workwith animals, but standardization of a test for potencyis one of the necessary steps before any hormone can beused clinically.

ITEMSTHiE are real shortages of high quality specialty tim-

bers such as yellow birch, yellow poplar, Port Orford

cedar, airplane spruce and ship-building oak, accordingto the U. S. Forest Service. Although it is a popularbelief that there are no timber shortages, but only short-ages of labor and equipment to get out the timber, thetruth is that there are no longer adequate sawtimber sup-plies accessible throughout the country. Records showthat the total volume of standing timber in the UnitedStates was reduced nearly 40 per cent. between 1909 and1938, to say nothing of recent intensive logging necessarybecause of the war. Nearly 17 billion cubic feet, or 50per cent. more than the total growth of timber, was cutor destroyed in 1943. In sawtimber alone the drain wasalmost twice the annual growth. Even if the two billioncubic feet lost each year to fire, insects and disease wereall saved, the drain would still exceed the growth by asubstantial margin. In spite of the fact that millionsof trees are planted, all agencies, public and private, estab-lished only 3,500,000 acres of successful plantations. TheNational Resources Planning Board sees a 25-year, 32-million acre planting program as necessary to meet thenation 's "most urgent" tree-planting needs.

AN investigation of 2,993 Liberty ships shows that nolives have been lost as a result of structural failures, ex-cept in the case of the John P. Gaines, from which tenpersons were missing after successfully embarking in alifeboat. This statement was made in a report of a boardof investigation convened by the Secretary of the Navyto study the design and methods of construction of weldedsteel merchant vessels. Out of the group of ships studied,twenty vessels suffered complete fractures of the strengthdeck, and of these, five vessels have completely broken intwo. Two of these complete fractures occurred beforethe ships were placed in service. Cracking in ships afloathas usually been associated with very low, near-freezingtemperatures, or heavy seas, or a combination of the twoconditions.

ADAPTATION of aircraft-type engines for commercialvehicles is a postwar possibility, according to a reportmade by Vincent C. Young, of the Eaton ManufacturingCompany, to the Detroit meeting of the Society of Auto-motive Engineers on National War Materiel. Mr. Youngstated that ground vehicles can use many of the aircraftengine's war-developed qualities, such as light weight,high power, good economy and reliability. Commercialmotor vehicle operators, seeking to transport the great-est pay-load over the most miles at the least cost, willfind the low operating costs, higher power and greaterspeed ranges of the aircraft engine very desirable. Mr.Young stated that experiments might lead to a high per-centage of failures during the developmental period, andpointed out that such failures must be recognized assteps in progress toward lighter, more efficient designs inengines. He recommended that engineers of ground ve-hicles learn to develop higher power at greater speed,to make use of the high heat conductivity of some metals,and to study effective cooling methods.

VOL. loop No. 258610

JULY 21, 1944 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

W

_____CHEMISTRY

Edited by Louis E. WiseInstitute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wisconsin

CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS

Harry P. BrownCarl C. ForsaithLouis E. Wise

A. G. NormanH. MarkAlfred J. StammW. 0. Hisey

Edwin C. JahnMax PhillipsWilliam M. HarlowSelman A. Waksman

Erwin F. KurthRichard D. FreemanL. F. Hawley

American Chemical Society Monograph No. 97

So rapid has been the development of wood and cellulose chemistry in the last 15 years that no

mere revision of `The Chemistry of Wood" published in 1926, was considered adequate. This isan entirely new treatise, written under the editorship of Dr. Louis E. Wise, in which all the vastcomplexity of the subject is discussed and to a great extent resolved by the outstanding authori-ties in the field. This is indeed an invaluable compendium of up-to-date information in boththeoretical and practical aspects of this vital subject in which new discoveries and techniqueshave recently been reported in leading scientific journals. It will be of great importance toorganic chemists generally, and to research workers in the pulp and paper rayon, cotton and wood-products industries.

CONTENTSGENERAL INTRODUCTIONPREFACEPART I-The Growth, Anatomy and Physical Properties

of WoodGROWTH AND ANATOMY OF WOODTHE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD

PART II-The Components and Chemistry of the CellWall

CELLULOSE, THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT OFTHE CELL WALL: CHEMICAL EVIDENCE RE-GARDING ITS CONSTITUTION

PLANT CELLULOSECELLULOSE: PHYSICAL EVIDENCE REGARDING

ITS CONSTITUTIONCHEMICALLY MODIFIED CELLULOSECELLULOSE SOLVENTS AND THE PROPERTIES

OF CELLULOSE IN SOLUTIONCELLULOSE COMPOUNDS AND DERIVATIVESTHE HEMICELLULOSES OF WOODTHE CHEMISTRY OF LIGNINTHE CHEMISTRY OF THE CELL WALLS OF WOOD

PART III-The Extraneous SubstancesTHE EXTRANEOUS COMPONENTS OF WOOD

900 Pages

PART IV-Surface Properties of Cellulosic MaterialsSURFACE PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSIC MA-

TERIALS

PART V-The Chemical Analysis of WoodINTRODUCTION TO WOOD ANALYSISTHE PREPARATION OF WOOD SAMPLES; MIS-

CELLANEOUS DETERMINATIONSDETERMINATION OF CELLULOSEDETERMINATION OF TOTAL CARBOHYDRATE

FRACTION OF EXTRACTED WOOD; PENTO-SANS AND MISCELLANEOUS HEXOSANS INWOOD

DETERMINATION OF LIGNINANALYTICAL DATA AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

PART VI-Wood as an Industrial Raw MaterialCOMBUSTION OF WOODTHE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF WOODDELIGNIFICATION OF WOODTHE CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF WOOD DECOM-

POSITION OF CELLULOSE AND HEMI-CEL-LULOSES BY MICROORGANISMS

DECOMPOSITION OF LIGNININDEX

Illustrated $11.50

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12 SCIENOI.-ADVERTISEMENTS

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American Association for the Advancement of ScienceSmithsonian Institution Building Washington 25, D. C.

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1

SCIENCk-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100, No. 258612

JUL 21 94SINEADETSMN1

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THE

LIVING

BODY

C. H. BEST & N. B. TAYLORUniversity of Toronto

"It has been my opinion for some time that Best andTaylor's THE LIVING BODY is one of the best general ac-

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". . . I plan to adopt the new edition of THE LIVINGBODY as the required text for physiology. It seems to me tobe the best book available at the present time for an introduc-tory courde. -Hulda Magalhaes, Duke University

". . . It is written in such a lucid way that students should experience no difficulty in under-standing even the more complicated topics. I shall use the book for a physiology course intended pri-marily for nurses which is given during the Summer Session of this University."-Dr. Theodor von

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Revision includes the latest findings on the hemoglobin molecule, transfusions, the clot-ting mechanisms, arterial hypertension, control of respiration, vitamins, and other topics.New figures have been added. 571 pages. $3.90

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CONTENTSThe place of the higher animals,and of mankind in particular, inthe general scheme of animal repro-duction. The human egg and theorgans that make and care for it.The ovary as timepiece. The hor-mone of preparation and maturity.A hormone for gestation. Themenstrual cycle. Endocrine arith-metic. The hormones in pregnancy.The male hormone. Chemical struc-ture of the sex gland hormones.

Orderfrom your bookseller orfrom PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, Princeton, New Jersey

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JULY 219 1944 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 13

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100, No. 2586

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Price, complete ..... ....... $18.50 F.O.B. BaltimoreCOMBINATION pH and Chlorine Comparator-contains Taylor-Enslow set plus slides and accessories for pH determinations.Model L, complete with 4 slides ..................... $46.00Model 8-for use at night or in dark places .... ...... 54.50

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16 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100, No.2586

Contributing realism to flight con-ditions simulated by the Link CelestialNavigation Trainer is the job of aSpencer Delineascope.By means of a celestial dome above

and a silk projection screeen below the"bomber," the trainer enables thecrew to rehearse complete navigationproblems, "flying" on instruments asrealistically as if they were thousandsof feet above the earth.

While the trainer "flies" on its "mis-sion,'" cloud effects are projected by theDelineascope to cut off temporarily

from time to time the pilot's and navi-gator's view of the earth below.

Spencer Delineascopes also serve inmany other wartime capacities.

SpencerModel D _ _ F

Delineascope

Spencer LENS COMPANYBUFFALO, NEW YORK

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT DIVISION OFAMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANY

Clouds 0 . . made to order

16 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100, No. 2586