THE ENDOCRINE

SYSTEM

The Endocrine System is a collection of glands that produces hormones that

regulates your body's growth, metabolism, and sexual

development and function. The hormones are released into the bloodstream and transported

to tissues and organs throughout your body.

What are the different glands that compose the Endocrine system

and the hormones that they secrete?

Glands – special organs in the body that

make and store fluids that the body needs

<==

HORMONE – chemical substance that controls growth and development and functions of the body.

- fluid that is directly release in the bloodstream.

<==

Hypothalamus Gland

It is a part of the brain that serves as a link between the endocrine system and the nervous system.

The hormones it secrets stimulate or inhibit the pituitary gland from releasing its hormones.

The hypothalamus senses when the level of a certain hormone is low.

Hormone:

Oxytocin – it stimulates the contraction

of the uterus when the

mother is in labor. - responsible for the

release of milk from the breast

Pituitary Gland

known as the master gland because it produces several hormones that control the function of the other glands. But it is under the control of the hypothalamus gland.

Hormones: Growth hormone – stimulates bone growth Thyroid-stimulating hormone – controls the metabolism and growth and development of the body◊ Prolactin – promotes milk production in mothers◊ Sex gland stimulating hormone

Pineal Gland

is a small endocrine gland located near the center of the brain

Hormone:

Melatonin – promotes the development

of the ovaries and testes

Thyroid Glandstimulated by the thyroid-

stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland in order to produce the secretions.

Hormones:

Thyroxin – controls or regulates how fast the body burns up food to produce energy or metabolic rate - stimulates the growth and mental development◊ Calcitonin – decreases the amount of calcium in the blood

The Parathyroid Glands

are composed of four small glands in the neck.

Hormone:

Parathormone – increases the amount of calcium in the blood - it stimulates the

intestines to speed up absorption of calcium

- also stimulates the bones to release more calcium into the blood

Thymus Gland is an organ found in the chest. It is

found above and in front of the heart.

Babies are born with large thymus but when they reached adulthood, the thymus has nearly disappeared.

Hormone:

Thymosin – stimulates the development of the lymphatic tissues of the lymphatic system which help the body fight against diseases and producing antibodies

Adrenal Glands

are two small organs each found on top of the kidney

Hormones:

Aldosterone – helps regulate metabolism and maintain water

balance◊ Adrenaline – helps the body cope with

emergencies◊ Cortisol – helps the body fight infections

Pancreas is a gland in the abdomen near the

stomach. It has a group of special cells that secrete hormones called the Islets of Langerhans. These groups of cells in the Islets of Langerhans are called Alpha cells and the beta cells.

Hormone: Alpha cells secrete:

- Glucagon – stimulates the liver to change the stored glycogen to glucose to release it into the blood.(raises blood sugar level)

◊ Beta Cells secrete:- Insulin – facilitates the transport

of glucose into the cells. (lowers blood sugar level)

* These 2 hormones are important in maintaining the normal sugar or glucose level in the blood.

Gonads or Sex GlandsThe primary reproductive organs

of the male and female, the ovaries and testes.

Male hormone

Testosterone – stimulates the production of sperm and promotes the development of the secondary sex characteristics such as broadening of shoulders, muscular development and the growth of beard and moustache.

Female hormones: Estrogen – responsible for the

development of the secondary sex characteristics,such as development of the breasts and widening of hips

◊ Progesterone – regulates the uterus lining during menstruation, also

regulates the maintenance of the uterus during

pregnancy

GLANDS HORMONES

HYPOTHALAMUS - Oxytocin

PITUITARY-Growth Hormone

-Prolactin

-Thyroid-stimulating hormone

-Sex-gland stimulating hormonePINEAL - Melatonin

THYROID -Thyroxin

-Calcitonin

PARATHYROID - Parathormone

THYMUS - Thymosin

ADRENAL -Aldosterone - Adrenaline - Cortisol

PANCREAS -Insulin - Glucagon

GONADS (Sex Glands)A. TESTES (Male)

B. OVARIES (Female)

- Testosterone

- Estrogen - Progesterone

DISEASES Giantism/Gigantism Dwarfism Acromegaly Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Cretinism Diabetes

GiantismGiantism//GigantismGigantism

-excessive growth-excessive growth

and height (2.4 -2.7 m)and height (2.4 -2.7 m)

significantly above significantly above

average causedaverage caused

by over-production by over-production

of of growth hormone

Dwarfism - lack of growth hormone, usually dueto malfunction of the pituitary gland Midgets-adults withheight of less than 4 ft 10 in (1.2 m)

AcromegalyAcromegaly

- A chronic disease of - A chronic disease of

adults marked by adults marked by

enlargement of the bones enlargement of the bones

of the extremities, face, of the extremities, face,

and jaw that is caused and jaw that is caused

by overactivity of theby overactivity of the

pituitary gland.pituitary gland.

HypothyroidismHypothyroidism

- underproductivity of the- underproductivity of the

thyroid due to thyroid due to lack of lack of

iodineiodine in the diet that is in the diet that is

necessary for the necessary for the

production of thyroid glandproduction of thyroid gland

- - goitergoiter (enlargement of(enlargement of

the thyroid glands)the thyroid glands)

HyperthyroidismHyperthyroidism

- - overproductivity of overproductivity of

thyroid gland.thyroid gland.

-Symptoms are increased -Symptoms are increased

appetite, weight loss, appetite, weight loss,

dry skin, toxic goiter dry skin, toxic goiter

development and the development and the

eyes bulgingeyes bulging

CretinismCretinism

- a deficiency in - a deficiency in

thyroxin duringthyroxin during

the development ofthe development of

a fetus which causesa fetus which causes

short in height andshort in height and

mentally retardedmentally retarded

Diabetes Mellitus

PancreasPancreas producesproduces

little or no insulin.little or no insulin. HyperglycemiaHyperglycemia

(too much sugar,(too much sugar,

lack insulin)lack insulin) HypoglycemiaHypoglycemia

(less sugar, too (less sugar, too

much insulin)much insulin)

Proper Care

Take a bath regularly or wash the body organs as often as possible.

Eat the right kind of food. Avoid eating too much sweet and

fatty foods. Drink lots of liquids. Have enough rest and sleep. Have a regular exercise.