SCIENCE

• Plants

• Comparing plant parts• Classifying plants• Uses of plants and plant parts• Propagating plants• Caring for and conserving plants

• Force and motion

• What force is• Forces acting on objects

• Light and sound

• Where light comes from and how it travels• Behavior of light• Colors• Sound

SOUNDS

- Is a form of energy

ACOUSTICS -Is the science or study of sound.

VIBRATIONS -Are back and forth, to and fro, or up and down movement of matter

NOISE -Useless and unwanted sounds in our surroundings

FREQUENCY -is the number of vibrations per second

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PITCH - is the highness or lowness of sound

ECHOES -sound waves that are reflected

-hard surfaces are better reflectors of sounds

SONAR -device to detect underwater objects with sound echoes.

LARYNX -voice box in the throat with two elastic bands called vocal chords

-women have short and thin vocal chords while men have long and thick vocal chords

Matter is made to vibrate when it is struck, scraped, plucked or blown.

For a sound to be heard, an object should vibrate at least twenty times per second.

There are sounds that people cannot hear because they are either too slow or too fast.

The lowest sounds which can be heard by man is 20 vibrations per second.

Sound waves move in all directions from the sound source. In the same way as waves move in water. All children hear clap because sound waves travel in all directions.

How are sounds different?

1. loud/soft – energy volume2. high/low- pitch3. fast/slow – speed of frequency waves

Frequency and Pitch relation

-the faster the object vibrates, the higher is the frequency.

-High-frequency objects produce a high pitch; while low-frequency objects produce low pitch.

Conductors of Sound

Solids – are the best carrier of sounds because tiny particles are closed to one another

Liquids –are good carriers of sounds too but not as good as solids since particles are not so close. Sound travel 4 times faster in water than in air

Air- sound travel slowest in air due to the fact that air particles are far apart.

Echoes – at times can be annoying-when original sound mixes with the echoes, we could not understand the message clearly.

Noise pollution – could cause permanent damage to the ears.

Noise classification

1. office2. domestic3. recreation4. aviation5. transportation6. construction

FORCE

-our strength is the force that helps in our daily activities

-force is given by the food we eat

FORCE –is power, it may either be a push or a pull

-anything that changes the speed and direction of moving objects

-it can cause an object to start moving

-it can make moving objects stop

-force can be applied even if the object is not moving

-force can change the shape of an object

Balanced forces – two opposite forces that do not allow the object to move because they are equal

-they have to be equal and opposite

-they always have to act on one and the same thing

-may stretch things or may squeeze them

-otherwise they have no effect on motion

-an object keeps on doing whatever it has been doing

-cause no change in an object’s motion

Unbalanced forces

-are present to cause the change

-two equal forces but not on opposite each other

-more than two forces of different strength one is stronger

MOTION

-when an object travel from one place to another

-a change in the position of an object

The non-moving object – is the reference point

-the position of an object can be described by giving the distance of that object in relation to a reference point.

Reference point – place where observer is or the point of origin of something

FRICTION

-is the force that acts when two objects rub or slide over one another

-is a force that opposes or resist a sliding movement of two surfaces in contact with one another

-without friction the brakes of vehicle would not work

Smooth surface-makes less friction

INERTIA

-tendency of a moving object to continue moving until an outside force is applied

-an object that is at rest has a tendency to remain resting in place unless an outside force is applied on it

Inertia at rest-property of an object at rest to remain at rests

Inertia in motion – moving objects remain moving until pushed or pulled to change their motion

Interaction-for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Choose the correct answer. Circle the letter of your choice.

Circle the letter of your chosen answer.

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Choose your answers from the box.

prop rootsstemstubersherbsbladefibrous rootrunners

woody stemrootsleavessimple leafrhizomepetiole

aerial roottreesbulbcompound leafflowertap rootherbaceous stems

1. The ____________________ are parts of the plant that hold it on to the soil. They also get water and minerals for the plant. 2. The ____________________ is the part of the plant that carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. They also carry dissolved food from the leaves to the other plants of the plant. 3. The ____________________ are parts of the plant that make food. 4. The ____________________ are the parts of the plant that contain the seeds. 5. Secondary roots branch out of the ____________________. Then, tiny root hairs grow at the tip of the secondary roots. 6. In a ____________________ system, secondary roots grow in all directions. Some are as long or even longer than the primary root. 7. ____________________ grow from the lower part of the stem to help support the plant. Even when the wind blows hard, the plant remains erect. 8. ____________________ cling to the branches of a tree and get water from the air. 9. Stems that are brown and hard are called ____________________. 10. ____________________ are green or white and are soft and fleshy. 11. ____________________ are swollen underground stems. An example of these is the potato plant. 12. A ____________________ is an underground stem that grows horizontally or vertically. 13. An onion is an example of a ____________________. The swollen and fleshy leaf bases have stored food. 14. A strawberry plant has horizontal stems called stolons or ____________________. These stems grow along the surface of the ground. 15. The ____________________ is the leaf stalk that connects the leaf to the stem. 16. The ____________________ is the broad flat part of the leaf. 17. A ____________________ has only one blade attached to the petiole. 18. A ____________________ consists of many blades attached to one petiole. 19. ____________________ are tall plants with big woody stems.

20. Plants with soft, green, fleshy stems are called ____________________. They can be tall or short.

Write the following plants under the correct grouping

Sunflower Moss Fern Rice Mango Horsetail Melon Pine Grass banana

FLOWERING NON-FLOWERING

Write T for tree, S for shrub, and H for herb.

________________________

______

1. pine2. sampaguita3. gumamela4. false bird of paradise5. coconut

______________________________

6. camia7. rosal8. mayana9. guava10. mahogany

Match the plant to the ailment that it can heal. Write the letters only.

____________________________________

1. Ampalaya2. Banaba3. Bayabas4. Eucalyptus5. Gumamela6. lagundi

a. diarrhea and stomachacheb. Coughc. Toothached. Fever, cough, asthmae. Asthma, cough, bronchitisf. Boils and burns