science · 2020. 10. 20. · science - grade 9 support material for independent learning engagement...

Science

Quarter 1, Week 3 - Module 1:

Non – Mendelian Inheritance Authors: Joel P. Ogoc, Ed.D. Sheenna L. Delfin

SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT (SMILE)

A Joint Project of the SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY

and the DIPOLOG CITY GOVERNMENT

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Science- Grade 9 Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE) Quarter 1, Wk 3 - Module 1: Non – Mendelian Inheritance

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Department of Education –Region IX

Office Address: Purok Farmer Center, Olingan, Dipolog City

Zamboanga del Norte, 1700

Telefax: 065(212-6986) and 065(212-5818)

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Joel P. Ogoc, Ed.D and Sheenna L. Delfin

Editor: Noel G. Solis, Principal I

Reviewers: Zyhrine P. Mayormita, EPS- Science and Noel G. Solis, Principal I

Illustrator: Mabel B. Cabilin

Layout Artists: Joel P. Ogoc, Ed.D and Sheenna L. Delfin

Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr. -Schools Division Superintendent

Jay S. Montealto -Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

Amelinda D. Montero -Chief Education Supervisor, CID

Nur N. Hussien -Chief Education Supervisor, SGOD

Ronillo S. Yarag -Education Program Supervisor, LRMS

Leo Martinno O. Alejo -Project Development Officer II, LRMS

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Explain the patterns of different pattern of non-Mendelian inheritance (S9LT-Id-29)

What I Know (Pre-Test)

Multiple Choice: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter

of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following best describes Non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance? A. It deviates from the 3:1 phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation B. It deviates from the 3:1 phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation C. It observes the 3:1 phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation D. It observes the 3:1 phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation

2. A chestnut brown horse mates with a creamy white one and all offspring are palominos. Coat color among horses exhibits which of the following? A. Incomplete dominance B. Sex influenced trait C. Multiple alleles D. Codominance

3. Among humans, blood type is controlled by multiple alleles A, B and O. Which of

the following gene pairs shows blood type A? A. AA and AO B. AO and AB C. AB and AA D. AA, AO and AB

4. Which of the following is an inheritance pattern where a heterozygous organism

shows a trait intermediate between the parental traits? A. Sex limited determination B. Incomplete dominance

C. Sex influenced traits D. Sex-linked traits

5. A pure red [RR] cow and a roan [RW] cow are mated, what is the phenotypic ratio

of its offspring? A. 1 red: 2 roan: 1 white B. 2 red: 1 roan: 1 white C. 2 roan: 2 white D. 2 roan: 2 red

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6. Among miniscule aliens, one center eye [CC] is codominant with 2 eyes [TT]. If

an alien inherits both alleles [CT], it will have 3 eyes. A recessive allele [NN] results in an eyeless alien. How many percent of the offspring will be 3-eyed between a CN and a TN cross? A. 5% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75%

7. Refers to an inheritance pattern where the phenotypic ratio is the same as the

genotypic ratio. A. Mendelian B. Codominance C. Multiple alleles D. Non-Mendelian

8. What is the genotype of blood type AB?

A. IAIB

B. I A iB

C. i A iB

D. i A IB 9. Which of the following traits exhibit codominance?

A. Roan color of cow skin coat B. Color of four o’clock flower C. Palomino fur among horses D. Yellow color of snapdragons

10. Is it possible for a blood type A man and a blood type B woman to have a blood type O offspring? A. No, because type O is not present on both parents B. No, because blood type O is recessive C. Yes, if both parents are homozygotes of their respective blood types D. Yes, if both parents are heterozygotes of their respective blood types

11. An orange [RY] flower is crossed with another orange [RY] flower. If flower color is

an incompletely dominant trait, how many percent of the offspring is yellow?

A. 100% B. 75% C. 50% D. 25%

12. It is an inheritance pattern where a heterozygous organism exhibits both of the parental traits.

A. Incomplete dominance B. Non-Mendelian C. Codominance D. Mendelian

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13. What is the parental genotype of the Andalusian fowls if the phenotypic and

genotypic ratio of the offspring is 1 black: 2 blue: 1 white? A. Female is heterozygous B. Female is homozygous C. Both are heterozygous D. Both are homozygous

14. Which of the following is true about the alleles of the human blood type?

A. A is codominant with B and is dominant over O B. A is codominant with B and both are dominant over O C. A is incompletely dominant with B and is dominant over O D. A is incompletely dominant with B and both are dominant over O

15. On the planet Tintopodium, inhabitants have differently colored feet where foot

color is incompletely dominant. When crossing a yellow-footed Tintopodian with a blue-footed Tintopodian, Punnett squaring resulted to

Y Y

B YB YB

B YB YB

What color are the feet of the offspring? A. Yellow B. Orange C. Green D. Blue

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Lesson

1 Incomplete Dominance

What’s In

In Mendelian inheritance pattern during your Grade 8 Biology, you learned the

following: One allele is completely dominant over the other allele

A cross between opposing homozygous individuals result in a heterozygous form of the dominant allele

Self-fertilization of F1 generation gives a 3:1 phenotypic ratio and 1:2:1 genotypic ratio

Recessive allele will show in succeeding generations only in

homozygous form.

However, there are some traits that we can say that violate Mendelian

patterns of inheritance. In this new lesson, you will discover new patterns of

inheritance that does not follow Mendel’s and some of their real – life examples.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Define and describe incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance; and 2. Solve problems involving incomplete dominance using Punnett square.

What’s New

In Mendelian patterns of inheritance, the effect of the recessive gene is not observed when the dominant gene is present. It is common practice to use capital letter (of the first letter of the dominant trait) to represent the dominant allele while a lowercase is used to represent the recessive one.

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Not all traits however, obey this observation thus assigning one allele with a

capital letter and the other in lowercase do not work when neither allele is completely dominant over the other.

To better understand this lesson, read and analyze the given problem in the activity below. Try to answer it using your knowledge in previous grade about Punnett square.

Problem: Among four o’clock plants, R is the allele for red flowers and W is the

allele for white flowers. With a Punnett square,show the cross between a homozygous red and a homozygous white flowers. What are the genotypes of the offsprings?

Show the cross between 2 heterozygous flowers using a Punnett square and identify the phenotypic and genotypic ratios.

What Is It

For the traits that Mendel studied – where one allele is completely dominant over the other – the phenotype of the resulting heterozygote offspring is identical to that of the homozygous dominant parent.

There are some genes however that in heterozygote offspring do not share the phenotype of either parent. This is evident when one allele is NOT completely dominant over the other. The heterozygous form shows a phenotype different from both parents. Just like the one given in the problem above.

Notice that 2 letters are used here, R for red and W for white which should tell us that one color is not completely dominant over the other color. Let us try to see and discover as we answer the problem. If we are to make a Punnett Square from it, it would look like the figure below.

Illustration by Mabel B. Cabilin

Figure 1. A Punnett square showing a cross between a red and a white four o’clock flower and its offspring

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▪ What are the genotypes of the offsprings?

Genotype refers to the actual gene content of an individual. In the problem

above, RR and WW are the genotypes of our parents. When a homozygous red-

flowered four o’clock plant (RR) crosses with a homozygous white-flowered four

o’clock plant (WW), their offspring which are all heterozygous are pink-flowered

plants (RW). They do not produce red nor white-flowered plants because neither of

the two is completely dominant. Red is incompletely dominant over white and vice

versa.

▪ What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios?

In incomplete dominance, one-half of the gametes of the heterozygotes (pink

flowers) carry the allele for the red flower and the other one-half carry the allele for

the white flower. Thus, when 2 heterozygous flowers are crossed, the Punnett

square would look like the one below

Figure 2. A Punnett square showing a cross between 2 pink four o’clock flower and its offspring

Both the genotypic and

ratio would be 1 RR : 2 RW

red: pink: white.

phenotypic ratios is 1:2:1. In this case, the genotypic

:1 WW , and the phenotypic ratio would be 1:2:1 for

Incomplete Dominance is a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern where a

heterozygous organism does not show the traits of the parents and instead results in

a new phenotype intermediate between parental phenotypes. By intermediate we

mean that the new phenotype is a blend or mix of the 2 parental phenotypes. The blended traits are coded for by two alleles inherited from both parents.

Each of the two homozygous genotypes (refers to the parents) show a different

phenotype since they are still distinct and separated from each other. The resulting

phenotype of the heterozygote is typically in between the two different homozygote

phenotypes.

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Other than four o’clock plants, petal coloration of snap dragons and flowering time of garden peas also show incomplete dominance. Fur coat of horses and feather color among andalusian fowls in animals are common examples.

Remember that in Incomplete Dominance: ✓ Only the phenotype of the heterozygote is blended (or intermediate).

✓ The alleles of the parents (which, in this case, are red and white-flowered plants) are are still distinct and separate from each other.

✓ The genotypic ratio also becomes the phenotypic ratio since half of the gametes of the offsprings carry half of both the parents.

What’s More

For you to better understand incomplete dominance, work on the activity that follows:

Activity Geno and Pheno: The Unbeatable Duo

Objectives: 1. Describe Incomplete Dominance as a pattern of inheritance 2. Solve problems involving incomplete dominance.

Materials: Pen and Paper

Procedure: 1. Read and analyze the given problem and give what is being asked. 2. Answer the questions that follow. 3. Write your answers neatly in a sheet of paper.

Problem #1 Among Andalusian fowls, the gene for feather color – black [BB], blue

[BW] and white [WW] exhibits incomplete dominance. If 2 blue-feathered fowls are mated, show the cross with the aid of a Punnett square.

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Problem #2 An orange [YR] snap dragon is a result of a cross between a yellow

[YY] snap dragon and a red [RR] snap dragon where yellow is incompletely dominant over red. Using a Punnett square, show the cross between a yellow and an orange snap dragons.


Questions: 1. What would be the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? 2. What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios?

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What I Have Learned

Let us check how well you understand what you have read so far by answering the questions that follows:

1. In your own words, what is Incomplete dominance? Incomplete dominance _____________________________

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

2. Identify which of the following statements describes incomplete dominance by writing CORRECT before each statement if it is true and INCORRECT if it is false.

__________ a. Incomplete dominance results in a third new phenotype that is a blend of the parents’ phenotypes.

__________ b. Offspring of a cross between homozygous parents with different phenotypes exhibits a trait intermediate between them.

__________ c. In incomplete dominance, the phenotypic ratio is the same as the genotypic ratio.

__________ d. A cross between heterozygous individuals will give rise to three [3] kind of phenotypes.

__________ e. A white four o’clock flower when crossed with a red four o’clock flower will produce pink flowers.

3. Palomino [BW] coat results from a cross between a chestnut brown [BB] coat horse and a creamy white [WW] coat horse since furcoat among horses is an incompletely dominant trait. When a palomino is crossed with a creamy white, show the cross using a Punnett square. Give the genotype and phenotype of the offspring as well as the phenotypic and genotypic ratios.


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What I Can Do

Goal: Predict the phenotype and genotype of the parents given the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the offspring based on the principle of Incomplete Dominance.

Instruction: Construct a Punnett square to validate your answer.

Offspring of Parents #1

50% pink four o’clock flowers and 50 % white four o’clock flowers


50% Palomino 25% Chestnut brown 25 % Creamy white


25% Yellow snapdragons 50% orange snapdragons 25% red snapdragons

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What’s In

In the previous lesson, you learned that some genes in heterozygous

offspring do not share the phenotype of either parent but instead, show an

intermediate phenotype which results from the blending of the parents’ phenotype.

This pattern of inheritance is due to incomplete dominance of genes.

In this new lesson, you are going to get in touch and eventually discover

another non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance.

What I Need to Know


1. Define and describe incomplete codominance pattern of inheritance; and

2. Solve problems involving incomplete codominance using Punnett square.

What’s New

Another non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance is Codominance. Read and analyze the problem below.

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Lesson

Codominance

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Problem: Among cattles, coat color is controlled by codominant genes where red

[RR] is codominant with white [WW]. With a Punnett square show the cross between a homozygous red cow and a homozygous white cow. What are the genotypes of the offsprings?

Show the cross between 2 heterozygous cows using a Punnett square and identify the phenotypic and genotypic ratios.

What Is It

Cattles exhibit 3 different phenotypes namely: homozygous red [RR] coats,

homozygous white [WW] coats and heterozygous roan [RW] coats which is a mix of

red hairs and white hairs. The appearance of roan coats is due to the codominance

of the red and white coat color alleles.

To answer the given problem above, the constructed Punnett square would look like the figure below.


Figure 3. Codominance showing a cross between red and white cattle.

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▪ What are the genotypes of the offsprings?

As shown in the Punnett Square above, if a homozygous red coat bull mates with a homozygous white coat cow, all their offspring are roan showing both the alleles of the red bull and white cow. This simply means that the white coat has red patches on it.

In codominance, one-half of the gametes of the heterozygotes (roan cows)

carry the allele for the red bull and the other one-half carry the allele for the white

cow. Thus, when 2 heterozygous cows are crossed, the Punnett square would look

like the one below

Figure 4. Codominance showing a cross between 2 roan cattles.

Both the genotypic and phenotypic ratios is 1:2:1. In this case, the genotypic

ratio would be 1 RR : 2 RW : 1 WW , and the phenotypic ratio would be 1 red: 2

roan:1 white.

Codominance is another non-Mendelian inheritance pattern where a heterozygous organism exhibits the traits of both parents. In this form of inheritance, the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote offspring are fully expressed or exhibited. As a result, the offspring’s phenotype is the combination of the parent’s phenotype due to a shared dominance.

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What’s More

For you to better understand more about codominance, work on the activity that follows.

Activity Codominance: Sharing is Caring

Objectives: 1. Describe Codominance as a pattern of inheritance 2. Solve problems involving codominance.


Procedure: 1. Read and analyze the given problem and give what is being asked. 2. Answer the questions that follow. 3. Write your answers neatly in a sheet of paper.

Problem #1

In Planet Codom where Antimoniums live, the appearance of their tail is controlled by codominant genes. Tails could either be straight [SS] or curly [CC]. Heterozygous form [SC] exhibits a tail that is curly at the base and straight at the end. Suppose 2 heterozygous Antimoniums are bred, show the cross using a Punnett square.

Problem #2 Among Minance – a hypothetical plant flourishing in Planet Codom –

gold [GG] leaf color is codminant with bronze [BB] leaf color. A gold leaf speckled with bronze occur among heterozygotes [GB]. Using a Punnett square show the cross between a bronze leaf with a speckled flower.

Questions: 1. What would be the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? 2. What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios?

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What I Have Learned

Let us check how well you understand what you have read so far by answering the questions that follow:

1. In your own words, what is codominance? Codominance _________________________________

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

2. Identify which of the following statements describes codominance by writing RIGHT before each statement if it is true and WRONG if it is false.

__________ a. In codominance, the phenotypic ratio is different from the genotypic ratio. __________ b. Codominance results in a third phenotype where both parental phenotypes are expressed __________ c. A cross between heterozygous individuals will give rise to four [4] kind of phenotypes. __________ d. A cross between homozygous parents of different phenotypes exhibits a new phenotype where both traits are present. __________ e. A roan coat cow when crossed with a white coat cow will produce a red coat cow.

3. A codominant gene controls feather color among Krunggeltz, a hypothetical bird, where green [GG] and violet [VV] are codominant to each other. The heterozygous form [GV] shows green-violet striped feathers. With a Punnett square, show a cross between a striped feathered bird and a violet feathered bird.


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What I Can Do

Goal: Predict the phenotype and genotype of the parents given the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the offspring based on the principle of Codominance.



25% white coat cow 50% roan coat cow 25% red coat cow


50% Green feathered bird 50% Stripe feathered bird


25% Gold flower 50% Speckled flower 25% Bronze flower

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Lesson

Multiple Alleles

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What’s In

In Lesson 2, you learn that codominance results in a phenotype that exhibits

both the homozygous parental phenotypes. This proves that the trait shares

dominance and is expressed in heterozygous form.

In this new lesson, you are going to learn that some traits are controlled by

more than two types of alleles which can result to the expression of more than two

phenotypes.

What I Need to Know


1. Define and describe multiple allele pattern of inheritance 2. Solve problems involving multiple alleles using a Punnett square

What’s New

Mendel’s work on garden peas led him to suggest that a specific gene is

controlled by only two alleles which could be misleading. There are instances

however that, even if only two alleles control a trait, there can actually be more than

two alleles available. This is referred to as multiple alleles.

Multiple alleles exist in population level such that different individuals in the

population may have different pairs of alleles. But the fact remains that humans and

other diploid organisms can only have two alleles controlling any gene.

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Consider the human ABO Blood Group system and analyse the problem below.

Problem: Human blood type is controlled by three alleles namely A, B and O where

A and B are codominant to each other and both are dominant over O. With a Punnett square show the cross between a heterozygous blood type B man and a heterozygous blood type A woman. What is/are the possible of blood type/s of their offspring? How many percent of their offspring have a blood type O?

What Is It

In humans, the ABO Blood Group system is a character governed by multiple

alleles. There are 3 alleles that govern this system: IA

, IB

and i. Different interactions of these alleles is summarized in the table below

Table I: Human Blood Types

Blood Type Genotype

Blood type A IAIA

I A i

Blood type B IBIB

I B i

Blood type AB IAIB

Blood type O Ii

Let us try to solve the problem presented earlier in this lesson by making a Punnett square to show the cross between parents. It would look like the one shown below.

I A i

I B IAIB I B i

i I A i i i

• What is/are the possible blood type/s of their offspring??

Based on the Punnett square above, the possible blood types of their

offspring are blood type AB,blood type A, blood type B and blood type O.

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• How many percent of their offspring have a blood type O?

If we take another look at the Punnett square above, there are 4 offspring all of differing blood types. There is only 1 offspring that possesses blood type O. Therefore, 25% of the offspring has a blood type O.

What’s More

The enrichment activities below are provided for you to gain more

understanding about Multiple Alleles. Read and analyze them well so that you will

arrive on the right answers.

Activity What’s Your Type, Baby?

Objective:

1. Describe Multiple Allele as a pattern of inheritance 2. Solve problems involving multiple allele.


Procedure:

1. For males, answer Problem #1 and females Problem #2. 2. Read and analyze the given problem and give what is being asked. 3. Answer the questions that follow. 4. Write your answers neatly in a sheet of paper.

Problem #1

For hypothetical organism Uranites, foot color is controlled by multiple alleles such that aubergine [AA] is codominant with chartreusse [CC]. If both alleles [AC] is inherited it will result in dotted feet. A recessive allele [SS] results in silver feet. With a Punnet square, show the cross between a silver footed female and a dotted feet male.

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Problem #2

Among Miniscule aliens from Planet Allemult, multiple alleles control mouth shape. Below is a summary of their mouth shape

Genotype Phenotype

DD Diamond-shaped mouth

DC Diamond-shaped mouth

HH Heart-shaped mouth

HC Heart-shaped mouth

DH Spade-shaped mouth

CC Clover-shaped mouth

Using a Punnet square show the cross between a heterozygous heartshaped gal with a homozygous diamond-shaped guy.

Questions: 1. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? 2. Give the percentage of the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?

What I Have Learned

Let us check how well you understand what you have read so far by answering the questions that follows:

1. In your own words, what is multiple alleles? Multiple alleles ___________________________________

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

2. Identify which of the following statements describe multiple alleles by writing your NAME before each statement if it is true and your FAMILY NAME if it is false.

__________ a. Multiple alleles is characterized by genes that are controlled by two alleles. __________ b. Among humans, only two alleles are used even if a trait is controlled by more than two alleles. __________ c. The ABO blood type system among humans can result to more than four phenotypes. __________ d. For humans, blood type both A and B are recessive to O but incompletely dominant on each other __________ e. A person who has a heterozygous blood type A can only produce a blood type O child if it marries into a blood type O individual.

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3. Hypothetically, number of eyes is controlled by multiple alleles. One center eye [CC] is codominant with two-eyes [TT]. If an organism inherits both alleles [CT], it will have three-eyes. A recessive allele [NN] results in an eyeless organisms. Using a Punnett square, show the genotypes and phenotypes between a CN and TN cross.

What I Can Do

Goal: Predict the phenotype and genotype of the parents given the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the offspring based on the principle of Codominance.



25% heart-shaped mouth 25% diamond-shaped mouth 25% clover-shaped mouth 25% spade-shaped mouth


50% heterozygous aubergine feet color 50% heterozygous chartreuse feet color


25% center- eyed 50% three- eyed 25% two- eyed

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Summary

The inheritance of some characteristics are not as simple as those that were studied by Mendel in his garden pea plants. That’s why geneticists usually call them those that violate Mendel’s principles. They are associated with phenomena such as codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, and sex-linked traits (to be discussed on the next module).

• Incomplete Dominance is a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern where a

heterozygous organism do not show the traits of the parents and instead

results in a new phenotype intermediate between parental phenotypes.

By intermediate we mean that the new phenotype is a blend or mix of the

2 parental phenotypes. ✓ Only the phenotype of the heterozygote is blended (or

intermediate).

✓ The alleles of the parents (which, in this case, are red and white-flowered plants) are are still distinct and separate from each other.

✓ The genotypic ratio also becomes the phenotypic ratio since half of the gametes of the offsprings carry half of both the parents.

• Codominance is another non-Mendelian inheritance pattern where a heterozygous organism exhibits the traits of both parents. In this form of inheritance, the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote offspring are fully expressed or exhibited. As a result, the offspring’s phenotype is the combination of the parent’s phenotype due to a shared dominance.

Like in incomplete dominance, the genotypic ratio is the same as the

phenotypic ratio codominance. Examples of this include A and B blood

types in humans, sickle-cell disease, and coat color in cattle and horses.

✓ The phenotype of the heterozygote is a combination of the phenotypes of the homozygous parents

✓ The trait has shared dominance

✓ Like in incomplete dominance, the genotypic ratio is the same as the phenotypic ratio.

• Multiple Alleles, a specific gene pair is controlled by more than two

alleles. Thus, there are more than two phenotypes that are exhibited or

expressed in the offspring. The ABO Blood Group system is the most

common example of the character governed by this inheritance.

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✓ More than two phenotypes are exhibited or expressed in the offsprings.

✓ In the ABO Blood Group system:

Alleles IA and IB are codominant to each other Alleles IA and IB are dominant over the i allele

Allele i i is always recessive.

Assessment: (Post-Test)

Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Select the correct answer from the choices given. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Write the CAPITAL LETTER only of your answer.

1) Which of the following is an inheritance pattern where a heterozygous organism shows a trait intermediate between the parental traits? A. Codominance B. Complete dominance C. Incomplete dominance D. Non-Mendelian pattern

2) Refers to an inheritance pattern where the phenotypic ratio is the same as the

genotypic ratio. A. Mendelian B. Codominance C. Multiple alleles D. Non-Mendelian

3) Which of the following is true about the alleles of the human blood type?

A. A is codominant with B and is dominant over O B. A is codominant with B and both are dominant over O C. A is incompletely dominant with B and is dominant over O D. A is incompletely dominant with B and both are dominant over O

4) It is an inheritance pattern where a heterozygous organism exhibits both of the

parental traits. A. Incomplete dominance B. Non-Mendelian C. Codominance D. Mendelian

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5) What is the genotype of blood type AB? A. IA iB B. IA IB C. iA iB

D. iA IB 6) Which of the following traits exhibit codominance?

A. Color of four o’clock flower B. Roan color of cow skin coat C. Palomino fur among horses D. Yellow color of snapdragons

7) Which of the following best describes Non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance? A. It deviates from the 3:1 phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation B. It deviates from the 3:1 phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation C. It observes the 3:1 phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation D. It observes the 3:1 phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation

8) A chestnut brown horse mates with a creamy white one and all offspring are

palominos. Coat color among horses exhibits which of the following? A. Incomplete dominance B. Sex influenced trait C. Multiple alleles D. Codominance

9) Among humans, blood type is controlled by multiple alleles A, B and O. Which of

the following gene pairs shows blood type A? A. AA and AO B. AO and AB C. AB and AA D. AA, AO and AB

10) A pure red [RR] cow and a roan [RW] cow are mated, what is the phenotypic

ration of its offspring? A. 1 red: 2 roan: 1 white B. 2 red: 1 roan: 1 white C. 2 roan: 2 white D. 2 roan: 2 red

11) Among miniscule aliens, one center eye [CC] is codominant with 2 eyes [TT]. If an alien inherits both alleles [CT], it will have 3 eyes. A recessive allele [NN] results in an eyeless alien. How many percent of the offspring will be 3-eyed between a CN and a TN cross? A. 75% B. 50% C. 25% D. 5%

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12) Is it possible for a blood type A man and a blood type B woman to have

a blood type O offspring? A. No, because type O is not present on both parents B. No, because blood type O is recessive C. Yes, if both parents are homozygotes of their respective blood types D. Yes, if both parents are heterozygotes of their respective blood types

13) An orange [RY] flower is crossed with another orange [RY] flower. If flower color

is an incompletely dominant trait, how many percent of the offspring is yellow? A. 100% B. 75% C. 50% D. 25%

14) What is the parental genotype of the Andalusian fowls if the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of the offspring is 1 black: 2 blue: 1 white? A. Male is homozygous B. Male is heterozygous C. Both are homozygous D. Both are heterozygous

15) On the planet Tintopodium, inhabitants have differently colored feet where foot

color is incompletely dominant. When crossing a yellow-footed Tintopodian with a blue-footed Tintopodian, Punnett squaring resulted to

Y Y

B YB YB

B YB YB

What color are the feet of the offspring? A. Blue B. Yellow C. Orange D. Green

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Additional Activities

Match the descriptions on the left to the terms on the right by writing the number that corresponds to your answer in the Answer Grid.

If all your answer are correct, the sum of the numbers when added vertically, horizontally and diagonally will result to a magic number. Good Luck!

DESCRIPTIONS TERMS

A. Heterozygous form that results from 1. Palomino the cross of a red cow and a white cow 2. Codominance B. An inheritance pattern that do not 3. Non-Mendelian follow Mendel’s observation 4. Roan C. A human blood type that is dominant 5. Blood type O over blood type O 6. Pink D. An occurence where a certain trait is 7. Incomplete controlled by more than two alleles dominance E. The recessive allele in the human 8. Blood type A ABO Blood system 9. Multiple Allele F. Results from the cross of a pure 10. blood type AB chestnut browm horse and a pure

creamy white horse G. An inheritance patter where the

heterozygous form shows the phenotype of both parents

H. An inheritance pattern where the heterozygous from is intermediate between the parental phenotypes

I. The third phenotype of a cross between a red and a white four o’clock flower

ANSWER GRID

A B C

D E F

G H I

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Key Answers

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References Printed

Capco, Carmelita M. & Yang, Gilbert C.Biology (2nd Ed).927 Quezon Avenue , Quezon City:Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 1996.

DepEd.Science 9 Learner’s Material.2014.

Hoefnagels, Marielle.Biology:Concepts and Investigations (2nd Ed).1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020:McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2012.

Electronic Sources

“Biology Online Dictionary”.biologyonline.com. Access on May 24, 2020.

https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/codominance

“Non-Mendelian Inheritance”.May 18,2020. Retrieved from

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_ Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/08%3A_Inheritanc

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Zamboanga del Norte, 1700

Telefax: 065(212-6986) and 065(212-5818)

E-mail Address: [email protected]

https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/codominance

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_

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