schema theory
DESCRIPTION
B. Cummins, E. Rich, & S. Robinson CEPD 6101 – Fall 2012 9/17/2012. Schema Theory. Other Names for Schema Theory. Schema theory is also know as Cognitivism. Associated Terms. Information Processing Information Mapping Scaffolding Mental Models Symbol Manipulation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
B. Cummins, E. Rich, & S. RobinsonCEPD 6101 – Fall 20129/17/2012
Schema Theory
Schema theory is also know as Cognitivism
Other Names for Schema Theory
Information ProcessingInformation MappingScaffoldingMental ModelsSymbol Manipulation
Associated Terms
1926 Piaget – Cognitive Theory
1930’s Frederic Bartlett1977 R.C. Anderson - educational
Roots and Foundation of Schema Theory
Advance organizersAnalogies and comparisons Schema signals Cultural referencesMental models
Instructional Strategies(to activate learner’s existing schemata)
• Accretion – adding new information to existing schema• Tuning – Modifying existing schema by
enhancing with new ideas• Restructuring – the creation of entirely
new schema•Mental Models – the schemata that represent
one’s knowledge about specific matter, but also include ideas of task demands and performances.
Concepts of Schema Theory
Activating background knowledge
SchemataScaffolding
Transfer of Learning
1930’s: Frederic Bartlett introduced the Schema Theory.
1970’s: Marvin Minsky reintroduced the schema construct by applying it to computer science.
1973: Bransford and Johnson discovered that schema has a strong effect on reading comprehension.
1977: Richard Anderson introduced schema theory in education.
Timeline
1980’s: Roger Schank and Robert Abelson developed the script construct to aid in the explanation of using schema to enhance reading comprehension.
1980: David Rumelhart expanded on Minsky’s application of schema in computer science, and included it in psychology, more specifically in the mental representation of complex knowledge.
1980: Charles Hacker furthered the idea of using Schema Theory in the classroom.
Timeline
1996: Carr and Thompson found that students need help students recall their prior knowledge in a subject area to help them use it to learn new information.
2000: William Brewer continued research on schema’s impact on learning and psychology.
Timeline
Education-Reading Comprehension and Problem Solving
Psychology-Memory Recall
Research Based on Schema Theory
References Conrad, L. (2008). Put thinking to the test. Portland, ME, USA: Stenhouse Publisher.Dahlin, B. (2001). Critique of the Schema Concept. Scandinavian Journal Of Educational Research, 45(3), 287-300. doi:10.1080/00313830120074215.DiCecco, V. M., & Gleason, M. M. (2002). Using graphic organizers to attain relational knowledge from expository text. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35(4), 306-20. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/ 194221419?accountid=15017. Driscoll, M. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction (3rd ed.). Boston, MA, USA: Pearson Education, Inc.Gholson, B., & Craig, S. D. (2006). Promoting Constructive activities that support vicarious learning during computer-based instruction. Educational Psychology Review, 18(2), 119-139. doi:10.1007/s10648-006-9006-3.
References – continued
Kiewra, K. A., Mayer, R. E., Dubois, N. F., Christensen, M., & al, e. (1997). Effects of advance organizers and repeated presentations on students' learning. The Journal of Experimental Education, 65(2), 147-147. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/217677182?accountid=15017.Little, D. C., & Box, J. (2011). The use of a specific Schema Theory Strategy- semantic mapping-to facilitate vocabulary development and comprehension for at-risk readers. Reading Improvement, 48(1), 24-31.McGregor, T. (2007). Comprehension connections: bridges to strategic reading. Portsmouth, NH, USA: Heinemann.McVee, M. B., Dunsmore, K., & Gavelek, J. R. (2005). Schema Theory revisited. Review Of Educational Research, 75(4), 531-566.Nichols, J. D. (2002). Schema Theory: A new twist using Duplo models. Teaching of Psychology, 29(2), 150-151.
References – continued
Rance-Roney, J. (2010). Jump-starting language and schema for English-Language Learners: Teacher-composed digital jumpstarts for academic reading. Journal Of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 53(5), 386-395.Stahl, N. A. (2006). Strategic reading and learning, theory to practice: An interview with Michele Simpson and Sherrie Nist. Journal Of Developmental Education, 29(3), 20-27.