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Scaling Charts with Design and GPUs

Leo Meyerovich (@LMeyerov)CEO of Graphistry.com | UC Berkeley

Superconductor

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Visibility

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Visibility throughdesign + speed

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Histogram of Voter Turnout by Town

0% 25%50%

75% 100%Voter Turnout

# Towns

Most towns had ~40% people

vote

ballot box stuffing?

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Opposition

Incumbent

Tiny square shows town size (area) and vote (color)

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Filter for townsw/ high turnout

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Tag suspicious with black

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For visibility,speed design

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allwork projecthobby projectmanagerfemale1 employee2-4 employees5-9 employees10-19 employees20-100 employees100-499 employees500 employees or moreis techmanager peerunder 2030+20-30

Problem: Plot 10+ Time Series Signals

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Design 200 Time Series Signals

100 s0 s 0 s

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Speed Pan/Zoom Interactions

38 s37 s 37 s

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CPU Bottlenecks: naïve and offline

TransformParse

LayoutRender

0ms 1600ms

real-time

is30ms

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Prep

Optimize Binary Data, Multicore Layout, GPU Render

LayoutRender

0ms 1600ms

• Real-time interaction• Stream from server

12MB+/s

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Graphs: Placing Nodes and Edges

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Direct Feedback on Settings

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Uber: Trip Start to End

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Direct Edge Placement: Overplotting

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Speed Design Edge Bundling

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web

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Bare Metal in the BrowserSequential

Multicore

GPU

5 X

4+ cores

1024 lanes

SIMD 4 lanes

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SUPERCONDUCTOR: Parallel JS Viz Engine

HTML dataCSS styling

JS script

Pixels

Parser

Selectors

Layout

Renderer

Java

Scrip

t VM

Renderer.GL

webpage

Layout.CL

Selectors.CLGPU

datastyling

widgets

data viz

Compiler

Parser.js

BROWSERSUPERCONDUCTOR.js

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Leaf

Layout as Parallel Tree Traversals

w,h w,h

w,hw,h

w,hw,h x,y …

1. Works for all data sets2. Compiler: CSS Schedule

logical joins logical

spawns

Parallelism in each traversal!

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parallel for looplevel synchronous

GPU Traversals: Flat & Level-Synchronous

level 1

Treelevel n

whxy

Nodes in arrays

flat

Array per attribute

Compiler handles transform of code & data

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More Scalable DesignsImmens (Stanford) Nanocubes (AT&T) MapD (MIT)

Abstract Rendering (Continuum) Synerscope

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Achieve data visibility throughhardware-accelerated designs

(and deploy on the web )

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Visualize Magnitudes More Data in the Browser

Leo Meyerovich (@LMeyerov)CEO of Graphistry.com | UC Berkeley

Graphistry

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Leaf

Layout as Parallel Tree Traversals

w,h w,h

w,hw,h

w,hw,h x,y …

1. Works for all data sets2. Compiler: CSS Schedule

logical joins logical

spawns

Parallelism in each traversal!

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parallel for looplevel synchronous

GPU Traversals: Flat & Level-Synchronous

level 1

Treelevel n

whxy

Nodes in arrays

flat

Array per attribute

Compiler handles transform of code & data

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L2: 1MB

RAM: 2GB

432

432256-way SIMTGPGPU core 1

4-way SIMD

L1d: 32KB

Today’s Supercomputer-in-a-Pocket

core 1

Pref

etch

En

gine

1

Challenge: Parallelize Data

Visualization

Phone16-lane CPU

1024-lane GPU

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circ(…)

Problem: Dynamic Memory Allocation on GPU?

square(…) rect(…); …

line(…); …

rect(…); …

oval(…)

1.0 0.8 0.5 0.2 0 0.2

function circ (x,y,r) { buffer = new

Array(r * 10) for (i = 0; i < r * 10; i++)

buffer[i] = cos(i)}

dynamic allocation

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Dynamic Allocation as SIMD Traversals

allocCirc(…) 4allocRect(…) 6

allocLine(…) 6

allocRect(…) 7

fillCirc(…)fillRect(…)

fillLine(…)fillRect(…)

1. Prefix sum for needed space2. Allocate buffers

3. Distribute offsets & compute4. Give OpenGL buffer

pointer

1.0 0.8 0.5 0.2 0 0.2

1.0 0.8 0.5 0.2

1.0 0.8 0.5 0.2 0 0.2

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layout (4 passes)

rendering pass

TOTAL1

10100

1,00010,000

Naïve JS (Chrome 26) GPU (Safari + WebCL 11/3) 24fpsTi

me

(ms)

CPU vs. GPU for Election Treemap: 5 traversals over 100K nodes

WebCL: 30X

WebCL: 70X

COMBINED: 54X !