Thiti Theerathean

Center for Teaching Excellence University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce

E-mail : thiti_the@utcc.ac.th

2T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

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3T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

The Internet, also called the NET, is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

What is the Internet ?

We use the internet for….

• Researching information.• Sharing data and resource.• Data publication.• Chat and mail.• Playing game.• Trading and Payment.• etc.

4T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

A History of the Internet.

• 1957, USSR launches the first artificial earth satellite - Sputnik.

• 1962, J. C. R. Licklider create a concept for an Intergalactic Computer Network or Galactic Network.

• 1969, ARPA and MIT initiated a project to build a computer network, called ARPA Network (ARPANET)

• 1958, US forms the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) that was created as a direct response to the launch of the Sputnik by USSR.

5T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

A History of the Internet.

The first ARPANET link was established between 4-node network

Node 1: University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Host is SDS SIGMA7

Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (SRI), Host is SDS 940

Node 3: University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Host is IBM 360/75

Node 4: University of Utah, Host is DEC PDP-10

6T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

A History of the Internet.

• 1970, the radio-based data communications system, ALOHAnet, was developed by Norman Abramson at the University of Hawaii.

• 1972, ALOHAnet was connected to the ARPANET

• 1973, European developers were concerned with developing the X.25 networks and join the network to ARPANET through the Norwegian Seismic Array(NORSAR)

7T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

A History of the Internet.

• 1981, the number of hosts had grown to 213, with a new host being added approximately every twenty days.

• 1983, all hosts on the ARPANET were switched over from the NCP protocol to TCP/IP protocol.

• 1986, The U.S. National Science Foundation (NFS) establish the NFSnet (the backbone speed of 56Kbps) that aimed to create an open network allowing academic researchers access to supercomputers.

8T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

A History of the Internet.• 1988, the NSFnet backbone upgraded to 1.5Mbps and the opening of the

network to commercial interests was began.• 1989, ARPANET ended officially• 1991, the NSFnet backbone upgraded to 45 Mbps • 1992, number of hosts breaks 1,000,000• 1996, The first mobile phone to have Internet connectivity

was the Nokia 9000 Communicator.• 1999, NTT DoCoMo in Japan launched

the first mobile Internet service, i-Mode • 2001, 150 – 175 million hosts• 2002, over 200 million hosts

“The genie would not go back in the bottle”By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

9T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Internet users in the World

10T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Internet users in Asia

11T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Source: http://internet.nectec.or.th

Source: The 2008 ICT Survey (Household)National Statistical Office, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology

Internet users in Thailand

12T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How can we connect to the Internet ?

• An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that offers its customers access to the Internet.

• A network service provider (NAP) is a telecommunications company that sells bandwidth or network access by providing direct backbone access to the Internet

Network Service Provider.(NSP)

Internet Service Provider.(ISP)

Company.

Home User.

13T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Network Service Providers in Thailand.

International Internet Gateway (IIG) National Internet Exchange (NIX)

• CAT Telecom

• TOT

• True Internet

• Advance Datanetwork Communications

• TT&T

• CS Loxinfo

• Super Broadband Network

• CAT Telecom National Internet Exchange• TOT National Internet Exchange• True Internet Gateway National Internet Exchange• Advance Datanetwork Communication National

Internet Exchange• CS Loxinfo National Internet Exchange• TT&T Global Network National Internet Exchange• Super Broadband Network (SBN) Internet Exchange• NECTEC IIR Public Internet Exchange

14T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Internet Service Providers in Thailand.

Wired WirelessTrue Internet DSL, Cable, Leased Line

3BB DSL, Leased Line

TOT DSL, Leased Line

CAT Telecom DSL, Cable, Leased Line

KSC Internet Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line

CS Loxinfo Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line

TT&T DSL

Buddy Broadband DSL

Internet Thailand Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line

Pacific Internet Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line

Jasmine Internet Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line

Samart Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line

A-Net Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line

Otaro/InterNetwork Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line

Proen Internet Dial-up, DSL, Leased Line

AIS GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA

DTAC GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA

True GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, Wi-Fi

TOT HSDPA, Wi-Fi

CAT Telecom 3G CDMA

Hutch 3G CDMA

iMobile 3Gx HSDPA

iKool 3G HSDPA

15T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Wired Internet Connection

Dial-up

The client uses a modem connected to a computer and a telephone line to

dial into an Internet service provider's (ISP) node to establish a modem-to-modem link, which is then routed to the Internet.

V.92 Download 56 KbpsUpload 48 Kbps

V.90 Download 56 KbpsUpload 33.6 Kbps

V.34+ Download 33.6 KbpsUpload 33.6 Kbps

V.34 Download 28.8 KbpsUpload 28.8 Kbps

16T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Wired Internet Connection

Lease line.

Internet Gateway ISP

Leased line Router Modem

Upstream

Downstream

• A private symmetric telecommunications line on the telephone networks that always active.

• It is connected over copper wire or fiber optic and can guarantee the levels of service

• The fee for the connection is a fixed monthly rate.• Its speed is multiples of 64 Kbps.

Leased line Router Modem

17T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Wired Internet Connection

Digital Subscriber line.• Uses the Ordinary Telephone line and is an always-on technology.• A subscriber cannot be any more than 5.5 kilometers (2-3 miles) from

the DSL Exchange because it is highly dependent upon noise levels.• Service can be Symmetric and Asymmetric.

18T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Digital Subscriber line.

• HDSL : High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line Upload : 1.5 or 2 Mbps.Download : 1.5 or 2 Mbps.

• ADSL : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Upload : 2 Mbps.Download : 8 Mbps.

[ Symmetric circuits ]

V.1

Upload : 3.5 Mbps.Download : 12 Mbps.

V.2

Upload : 3.5 Mbps.Download : 24 Mbps.

V.2+

• VDSL : Very High bit-rate DSL Upload : 52 Mbps.Download : 16 Mbps.

V.1

Upload : 100 Mbps.Download : 100 Mbps.

V.2

19T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Wired Internet Connection

Cable Internet Uses cable modem to connect a computer to thecable company network through the same coaxialcabling that feeds cable TV (CATV) signals to atelevision set.

Characteristics:• Downstream : 10 Mbps to 30 Mbps• Upstream : 128 Kbps to 3 Mbps• Maximum Distance from provider to

customer site : 30 miles

Uses CMTS (Cable Modem TerminationSystem) at Head End.

20T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Wireless Internet Connection

Access with 2.5G Mobile Technology

Access with 3G Mobile Technology

The first major step in the evolution of GSM networks to connect the internet occurred with the introduction of GPRS that provide data rates from 56 Kbps up to 115 Kbps.

Access with 2.75G Mobile TechnologyThe GPRS networks evolved to EDGE networks that was deployed on GSM networks

beginning in 2003. It provides a potential three-fold increase in capacity of GSM/GPRS networks (up to 230 Kbps).

• 3G CDMA (CDMA2000 1xEV-DO) , It provides speed up to 2.4 Mbps• High-Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA) that improved downlink provides

speed up to 14 Mbps

21T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Wireless Internet Connection

Wi-FiA Wi-Fi is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications

standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs).

IEEE 802.11a -- Speed: 54 Mbps,Range: 15 - 20 m.

IEEE 802.11b -- Speed: 11 Mbps,Range: 30 - 45 m.

IEEE 802.11g -- Speed: 54 Mbps,Range: 30 - 45 m.

The wireless access point (AP) is a device that allows to transfer datawirelessly to a wired network.

22T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Wireless Internet Connection

Wi-Fi Hot spot.

23T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the internet work ?

24T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the internet work ?

TCP/IP Protocol

Service: Reliable transfer of frames over a linkMedia Access Control on a LAN

Functions: Framing, media access controlerror checking.

Service: Move packets from source host to destination host

Functions: Routing, addressing.

Service: Delivery of data between hostsFunctions: Connection establishment/termination,

error control, flow control.

Service: Application specific - delivery of email- retrieval of HTML documents- reliable transfer of file

Functions: Application specific and user interface.

HTTP

FTP

SMTP

POP

IMAP

DNS

A protocol is a formal description of message formats and the rules for exchanging those messages.

25T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the internet work ?

Addressing

Three different levels of addresses are used in an internet using the TCP/IP protocols: physical (MAC) address, logical (IP) address, and port address.

Most local area networks use a 48-bit physical address written as 12 hexadecimal digits, with every 2 bytes separated by a colon.

MAC Address : 07:01:02:01:2C:4B

An Internet address (in IPv4) is 32 bits in length, normally written as four decimal numbers, with each number representing 1 byte. The numbers are separated by a dot. IP Address : 192.168.33.97

A port address is a 16-bit address represented by one decimal number Port NO. : 80

26T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the internet work ?Source Destination

Segment

Datagram

Frame

27T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the internet work ?

Addressing (con.) : Port Address

A port is an application-specific or process-specific software construct serving as a communications endpoint, providing a multiplexing service. A specific service is identified by its number, commonly known as the port number.

The port numbers are divided into three ranges:

• the well-known ports. 0 – 1,023

• the registered ports. 1,024 – 49,151

• the dynamic or private ports. 49,152 – 65,535

28T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the internet work ?

Addressing (con.) : Port Address

Port Number Protocol Service Name Description

7 TCP/UDP Echo Echoes a received datagram back to the sender.

20,21 TCP FTP File Transfer Protocol (Data and Control)

25 TCP SMTP Simple mail Transfer Protocol

53 TCP/UDP DNS Domain Name Service

80 TCP HTTP World Wide Web

110 TCP POP3 Post Office Protocol - Version 3

123 UDP NTP Network Time Protocol used for time synchronization

29T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the internet work ?

Addressing (con.) : IP Address

• Each host in the Internet is assigned to a specific and unique number for identification.

• This number is called the IP address (Internet Protocol Address)• This number is divided into 4 parts for improving the readability.• The range of each number is between 0 and 255.

Internet Layer

30T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the internet work ?

Addressing (con.) : IP Address and Domain Name System

• IP address is difficult to remember.• Names are given to each computer on the Internet for the convenience

of human users.• The Domain Name System is that it serves as the "phone book" for the

Internet.• We can use for identify the website and the type of site it is.

1 www.google.com

2 IP address : 216.239.39.99

3Create connection to www.google.comWith 216.239.39.99

31T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the internet work ?

Addressing (con.) : IP Address and Domain Name System

DNS is also known as a distributed database that provides mapping between IP addresses and Host names.

root

Generic Domains Country Domains

• Domain names must be registered to ensure uniqueness• Requires static IP address

InterNIC thaiNIC

32T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the internet work ?

Addressing (con.) : IP Address and Domain Name System

33T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWWand commonly known as the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.

What is World Wide Web ?

A Hypertext document creates connections between related pieces of information via hyperlink.

hypertext documents

The hypertext document also contains Hyperlinksthat lead you to related information.

• Clicking on a link takes you to where that information is stored.

• You can jump quickly from one information source to another related source.

34T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

It began in 1990

• Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau pitched their ideas to the European Conference on Hypertext Technology.

• For describe their ideas, Berners-Lee had built all the tools necessary for a working Web :

– the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

– the HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

– the Web browser

– the Web Server with HTTP server software

(later known as CERN httpd)

– The first Web pages

The evolution of the World Wide Web

35T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

The Browser evolution.

• Mosaic takes the Internet, 1993– A graphical WEB browser, WWW client which was released by Marc Andreesen

at NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) in the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)

• Netscape, 1994– Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark

– 1996, 75% uses Netscape

– It was bought by America Online in 1999

(10 Billion in stock)

The evolution of the World Wide Web

36T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

As the Web Grew.

The evolution of the World Wide Web

Search engines and Web directories were created to track pages on the Web and allow people to find things.

– Lycos, was created (1993)– WebCrawler is the first full-text Web search engine (1994) – Yahoo! And Altavista (1995) – Google (1995)

In 1997

• there are 1,301,000 domains.

In 2000

• there are 17,119,262 web servers.

37T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

The evolution of the World Wide Web

Now… Welcome to Web 2.0

38T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the Web work ?

Client + Web Browser Web Server

HTTP Request

HTTP Response

• The information is stored in the Web pages as HTML format.

• The web pages are stored in the computers called Web servers.

• The computer reading the pages is called clients with specific web browsers.

• Every page on the Web server has a special address that uniquely identifies it, the URL.

• The web server waits for the HTTP request message from the clients over the Internet.

• The web server retrieves the data and send them in HTML format to the client by using the

HTTP Response message.

• The web browser interprets HTML document and show the information on Client’s screen.

Web page

39T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the Web work ?

http://www.utcc.ac.th/ict/index.html

ict

www.utcc.ac.th

index.html

page1.html

page2.html

• A Web page has a unique address, which is called “URL”.• It consists of a protocol, domain name, path and web page.

Web Page and Uniform Resource Location (URL)

40T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the Web work ? HTML : HyperText Markup Language

• It is not a programming language.

• Use Tags to describe the general form and layout of documents to be displayed by the browser.

<p align=“right”> </p>

Element

Attribute Name

Attribute Value

<html>

<head><title> UTCC </title>

</head>

<body> Hello My Web !! </body>

</html>

Tags

41T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

How dose the Web work ?

HTTP Request message.

HTTP Response message.

42T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

You can create your own Web pages using the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Web pages can contain text, sound, graphics and video clips.

A Web page is a single HTML document.

A Web site is a number of pages linked together that are controlled by a particular individual or organization.

You can create a Web page in a variety of ways, for example using

– Notepad, a simple text editor, to enter your text, images, hyperlinks and HTML tags.

– Web page creation programs or Web Authoring Tools which make creating Web pages easier and do not require that you know HTML

– MS Word, by saving files as Web pages or by using the tools provided to create Web pages

– Other ways of creating web sites are popular today: Content Management Systems (CMS)

Creating a Web Page

43T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Creating a Web Page

Static Web Page

Web Browser

http request

Web Server

http response

Dynamic Web Page

Web Browser

http request

Web Server

http response

Server-Side Script Interpreter

+ client-side Script

Database

File

: publish, request & response HTML files

: HTML plus Client Side Script(JavaScript, VBScript) Server Side Script (ASP, PHP)

44T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

The Types of Web sites

There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal News Informational Business/Marketing

Blog Wiki Online Social Network

Educational

45T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

The Types of Web sites

There are thirteen types of Web sites

Entertainment Advocacy Web Application

Content Aggregator Personal

46T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Web 2.0

Web 1.0

Online Communities Phenomena

Dynamic Web Page

Tagging

Blogging

Wikis

Driven Technology.

47T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Web 2.0

Dynamic Web Page

Server-side Script

Client-Side Script

eXtensible Markup Language : XML

Cascading Style Sheet : CSS

These Web development techniques can help you to speed up response time and increase user satisfaction.

48T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Web 2.0

Tagging

Folksonomy Taxonomy

A tag is a keyword that described a piece of information. It allows users to place information in multiple, overlapping associations rather than in rigid categories

49T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Web 2.0

Blogging

A Blog or Weblog is a personal Web site, open to public, in which the site creator expresses his or her feelings or opinions.

50T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Web 2.0

Wikis

Wikis allow distributed teams to collaboratively write and edit documents through the Internet in a shared online workspace, without the need for special HTML knowledge or tools.

Author

Accreditation

Community

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Web 2.0

Really Simple Syndication : RSS

RSS is a family of web feed formats used to publish frequently updated works. RSS feeds can be read using software called an "RSS reader", "feed reader", or "aggregator", which can be web-based, desktop-based or mobile-device-based.

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Categories of Web 2.0

Social Network

Web sites allow users to upload their content to the web. It provides an easy interaction way to communicate and collaborate with others on the web.

53T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Categories of Web 2.0

Aggregators

Web sites that gathers data from multiple sources.

54T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .

Categories of Web 2.0

Mashups

Web sites that takes content from a number of other Web and mixes them together to create a new kind of content

55T h e P r i n c i p l e s o f I n f o r m a t i o n T e c h n o l o g y .