sc apa fall 2010 green final pdf

Patrick Burns

Community Planning Rep.

The Brick Industry

Glen Clapper, AIA, LEED AP

Architect

The Brick Industry

PRESENTATION AGENDAEducate about the Green & Sustainable Aspects

of Brick

Inform about the Sustainability & Green Benefits of Masonry Ordinances

Highlight Green/Sustainable Case Study Communities with Masonry Ordinances

Basic Recipe• Clay/Shale

• Water

• Form

• Bake

Masonry lends itself to designs that can take advantage of small, irregular lots.

Buildings can be built closer together due to non-combustible walls

Sustainable Site DesignSustainable Site Design

Permeable pavers and flexible brick pavements can allow water to filter back into the ground.


Reduce heat islands by providing shade and/or light-colored, materials, i.e. light-colored pavers.



Color retention

with Clay Paverswith Clay Pavers

Optimize Energy Performance

Reduce peak heating and cooling loads

Shift peak loads to non-peak hours

Moderate indoor temperature swings

Adding mass increases the efficiency by 2 to 3 % alone compared to a frame wall

Save energy and reduce Save energy and reduce

size of HVAC systemssize of HVAC systems

Designing with Thermal MassDesigning with Thermal Mass

Var

iati

on

in T

emp

erat

ure

Outdoors

50

68

86

oF

0 6 12 18 24

Indoors

50

68

86

oF

0 6 12 18 24

Brick

Phase Difference

Hours Hours

Designing with Thermal MassDesigning with Thermal Mass

Time of Day

Tem

per

atu

reEffect of Thermal Mass/LagEffect of Thermal Mass/Lag

Peak Cost

Outside Temp

Steel Stud Wall

Masonry Wall

Energy Efficient Building ShellEnergy Efficient Building ShellLower levels of insulation are required for a mass-type wall system (ASHRAE 90.1 – Prescriptive Requirements)

R-9.5 versus R-20.5 R-9.5 versus R-20.5

Masonry Buildings in Your Masonry Buildings in Your CommunityCommunity

Building Reuse

Construction Waste Management

Resource Reuse

Recycled Content

Regional Material


Building Reuse Brick structures are able to be

reused because they are so durable

Reuse entire building or core and shell


Construction Waste Mgt. Waste material diverted from

local landfill

Min. packaging

Salvaged brick crushed & used as landscape “mulch”


Recycled Content

Numerous manufacturers make brick that incorporates recycled or industrial waste aggregates that are rendered harmless when the brick is fired.

Duracell HeadquartersDuracell Headquarters


Recycled Content

The entire masonry wall system can be comprised of products with recycled content.

Mortar

Wall ties/anchors

Flashing


Regional Material

Most brick is extracted & manufactured within a 500 mile radius of the project site.


Advantages

Increased durability & Lower Life-cycle Costs

− increased building service life

− need for replacement reduced

− minimization of new materials for reconstruction

9,000 – 10,000 yrs

2500 BC

JerichoJericho

HarappaHarappa 300 BC



Advantages

Increased Durability & Lower Life-Cycle Costs

− increased building service life

− need for replacement reduced

− minimization of new materials for reconstruction

Acoustical Characteristics

− STC values: 39-59


Advantages

Improved Air Quality

− no off-gassing/indoor air pollution

− not a food source for mold

− does not require paints or coatings

− no VOC’s

Structural

Reinforced Masonry BuildingsReinforced Masonry Buildings


Advantages Safety & Security

− does not burn (3.8 in = 2hr)− resists impact


Advantages Provides Visual Comfort

− aesthetically pleasing− human scale

WHAT IS THE BRICK WHAT IS THE BRICK INDUSTRY DOING INDUSTRY DOING

TOWARDS THE IDEA OF TOWARDS THE IDEA OF GREEN AND GREEN AND

SUSTAINABILITY?SUSTAINABILITY?

A Sustainable Brick IndustryA Sustainable Brick IndustryMaterialsMaterials

Clay and Shale− Most abundant mineral group− Not viable for agriculture− Minimal long-term effects of mining

− 10 Miles Avg. Distance From Mine to Plant

A Sustainable Brick IndustryA Sustainable Brick IndustryEnvironmentEnvironment

Depleted Mines Reclaimed− residential/commercial developments− recreational: golf course, lakes− wetlands− gazing/farming− waste disposal

A Sustainable Brick IndustryA Sustainable Brick IndustryManufacturingManufacturing

One Pound of Clay ≈ One Pound of Brick− 3 ½ % waste

Scrap Brick (Green or Fired) Recycled− crushed and introduced into prepared materials (grog)− crushed for road base− crushed for landscape “mulch”


Fuel Sources− natural gas (predominant)− coal− sawdust− methane (landfill gas)


Emissions− modern scrubbers

Manufacturing TechniquesManufacturing Techniques Lighter brick

ASTM C 652 Standard Specification for Hollow Brick

Over 25 to 60% void area

Same durability requirements as C 216, Solid Brick

Included in all model building codes

Same face sizes

Same variety of colors and textures

Better fire resistance


Lighter Brick− ASTM C652 Standard Specification For Hollow Brick

− included in all model building codes− equal durability− same typical sizes− same colors and textures− better fire resistance

− reduced raw material consumption− reduced fuel for firing− increased number of brick when shipped


Durable Material

Abundant Raw Material

Minimal Repairs for 100 Years

Building Service Life Up To 300 Years (US)

Ability to Adaptively Reuse Brick Buildings

The Impact of Masonry Ordinances in Promoting Sustainable Communities

Why a Masonry Ordinance?

University of Michigan Ordinance Study

Case Study Communities in the Southeast

One of the fastest growing regions in the country

Each city and county has a tremendous stake in the quality of what is built in their community

State Population % Change 2000-2008

Population Forecast 2000-2030

Alabama 5% 9.6%

Florida 13% 79.5%

Georgia 15% 46.8%

Kentucky 5.3% 12.7%

Louisiana -1.3% 7.5%

Mississippi 3.2% 8.7%

North Carolina 12.7% 51.9%

South Carolina 10.4% 28.3%

Tennessee 8.5% 29.7%

All 9 States 10.1% 30.5%Source: US Census Bureau

Sprawl Dominant

Construction quality is undervalued

Shortened economic life of real estate assets

Accelerated depreciation of existing cities and suburbs

Newness can fade quickly!

What can young suburbs do to reduce their future risk of decline?

As a policymaker, your neighbors depend on your foresight and vision

Neighbors want communities that have a future and leave a legacy

Architectural and design guidelines that include brick and masonry

Zoning ordinances that include brick and masonry

Overlay Districts that require brick

Masonry ordinances that require % of brick for single family, multi-family, and commercial buildings

Brick is a sustainable and green building material

Brick produces safer and fire resistant communities

Brick homes have higher resale value

Brick commercial buildings earn a higher profit margin

Increase the tax base

Masonry ordinances promote sustainable design and reinforce Green Building guidelines and certifications that have been adopted by Federal, State and local municipalities

Over 100 U.S. cities have requirements for Green Buildings

Over 50 U.S. Cities have voluntary green home building programs

Cities throughout the U.S. have adopted green building requirements for new publicly funded commercial construction

Federal and State Governments have adopted green building requirements for new commercial construction

Requirements for Green Building Rating Certification for public buildings

Tax Incentives and rebates

Zoning Variances allowing for denser development

Expedited permitting

San Francisco, CA

Arlington, VA

Eugene , OR

Denver, CO

Grand Rapids, MI

Atlanta, GA

Nashville, TN

Boston, MA

Scottsdale, AZ

Vancouver, BC

Fort Collins, CO

Portland, OR

Asheville, NC

New York, NY

Dallas, TX

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Connecticut

Florida

Hawaii

Kentucky

Maryland

Maine

New York

South Carolina

Washington

Wisconsin

General Services Administration (GSA) requires LEED Certified level with a target of LEED Silver for all new buildings

General Services Administration has 24 LEED-registered projects

Federal Courthouses

Federal Laboratories

Border Stations

Federal Office Buildings

Holistic, all-encompassing approach to the building process

Considers the entire life span of building process

Is the balance of environmental and social and economic goals

Environment is not the only consideration

If it does not make sense economically, it’s not sustainable

If it damages social fabric of community, it’s not sustainable

How Do Masonry Ordinances Meet the Goals of Sustainability?

A. ALFRED TAUBMAN COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE + URBAN PLANNING

Selection of Case Study Communities

Research is focused on Chicago area

Chicago’s suburbs have been among the largest supporters of masonry ordinances in the country, given the area’s historic preference for masonry building

The development trend in Chicago is closest to the national average among all MSAs that are known to contain masonry communities

Researchers studied four comparable suburban Chicago communities

Two with masonry ordinances- Orland Park and Tinley Park

Two without masonry ordinances- Hoffman Estates and Streamwood

Hypothesis

The imposing of masonry ordinances, by setting standards for construction quality, will enhance the durability and aesthetic value of local properties, increase the attractiveness of the local community, and thus benefit both local residents and local business

Research Questions

Housing price effects: to what extent might the adoption of a masonry ordinance increase property value in the community?

Housing cost effects: to what extent might the adoption of a masonry ordinance increase construction cost and reduce operating cost?

Local community impacts: to what extent might the adoption of a masonry ordinance expand the local fiscal revenue base and improve the quality of life for existing residents while also inhibiting new growth and ‘pricing out’ low-income or minority households?

Local business impacts: to what extent might the adoption of a masonry ordinance increase the patronage of local retail stores and expand local sales revenue?

Data

25 years of data from the case study communities

Primary focus on examining community changes during the period of 1990 to present

Examining real estate transactions

Tax records

Census data

Sales receipts

University of Michigan Masonry University of Michigan Masonry Ordinance StudyOrdinance Study

Property Values

Property values in communities with masonry ordinances are higher than those in non-masonry ordinance communities

The price of home differentials among the four municipalities continues to increase with the masonry ordinance communities of Orland Park and Tinley Park being significantly higher

Conclusion: The adoption of a masonry ordinance results in an increase of property values for homes in a community

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Orland tinley Hoffman Streamwood

Price of the Sample Constant-Quality PropertyPrice of the Sample Constant-Quality Property

Taxes

−Orland Park and Tinley Park have larger tax bases than over half of the cities in Cook County

−Non-masonry ordinance communities experienced relatively slow growth in sales receipts

−Orland Park and Tinley Park charge their residents lower municipal tax and fees in order to pay for public services and community improvements

−Conclusion: The adoption of a masonry ordinance results in an increase in tax revenue for communities both through property taxes and sales tax receipts. This results in lessening the property tax burden for community residents

Sales Receipts Per Capita (Standardized by 1990 Population)

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

HOFFMAN ESTATES ORLAND PARK TINLEY PARK STREAMWOOD

Growth

The population of both Orland Park and Tinley Park continue to grow at a faster rate than the non-masonry ordinance communities

Orland Park and Tinley Park had a population growth rate of 43% and 30% from 1990 to 2000 respectively

Hoffman Estates and Streamwood had growth rates of 6% and 17% respectively from 1990 to 2000

Conclusion: The adoption of masonry ordinances results in continued quality growth, and does not restrict growth

　2000 Median

Family Income

2000 Population

Population Growth Rate

Housing Unit Growth Rate

90-00

HOFFMAN ESTATES $73,685 49,495 6.0% 5.0%

STREAMWOOD $68,771 36,407 17.0% 20.0%

ORLAND PARK $77,507 51,077 43.0% 53.0%

TINLEY PARK $71,858 48,401 30.0% 36.0%

Median Suburban Community in Cook

County$61,670 13,196 5.2% 4.6%

Affordability

Mortgages in Orland Park and Tinley Park are similar to other suburban Cook County communities

The median rental cost in Orland Park and Tinley Park was found to be comparable with other non-masonry communities

The median rental burden for housing in Orland Park and Tinley Park is also quite close to the other suburban communities in Cook County

Conclusion: The adoption of a masonry ordinance does not significantly increase the owner cost burden or the rental burden for residents, and does not make housing in the community any less affordable than its neighbors

Median Cost Burden among all Suburban

Communities in Cook County

Orland Park Tinley Park

Households With Mortgage

22.8% 22.20% 22.20%

Households Without Mortgage

11.80% 11.70% 11.20%

Coweta County, GA

Cartersville, GA

Harrisburg, NC

Farragut, TN

Coweta County, Georgia 67% Masonry Requirement (Brick, stone) on Single Family

(Density Bonus)

Density bonus allows for homes to be built on smaller lots provided masonry requirement is met

Passed Board of Commissioners on 4/17/07

314 Building Permits for Annual 2009

Development Review Coordinator Ben Sewell

Planning Director Robert Tolleson

“Through our adoption of masonry ordinances, we have preserved the unique character and quality of our community for future generations.”

Planning Director Robert Tolleson

“Our community already has established masonry ordinances for commercial areas, but we wanted to find a way to encourage it in single family homes as well. By having a masonry requirement for single family homes in higher density areas, we are building a sustainable future for our community and growing property values.” Development Review Coordinator Ben Sewell

Cartersville, Georgia 67% Masonry Requirement (Brick, stone) on Single

Family (Density Bonus)

Density bonus allows for homes to be built on smaller lots provided masonry requirement is met

Passed City Council on 9/16/10

Fast growing city in northwest Metro Atlanta

City Planner Richard Osborne

Harrisburg, North Carolina Conservation Subdivision District Ordinance

Requirement

Requires at least 50% of all homes in a development must be brick

Passed Town Council on 5/11/09

Fast growing city in northeast Metropolitan Charlotte

Planning Director Josh Watkins

Farragut, TennesseeMixed-use Town Center District

75% brick requirement on all buildings

Passed City Council on 10/25/07

Growing city in Knoxville MSA

Ruth Hawk, City Planner

“Our downtown will be enjoyed by many generations to come and our community has established high standards for architectural beauty and sustainable growth through the use of a masonry ordinance. ”

Ruth Hawk, City Planner, Town of Farragut

A sustainable, livable, and prosperous community for future generations

A declining and unsustainable community different from one that you wished to leave behind

The Brick Industry, Southeast Region 8420 University Executive Park

Suite 800Charlotte, NC 28262

Phone: 1-800-622-7425Fax: 704-510-0042

Website: www.gobricksoutheast.com

http://www.gobricksoutheast.com/

sc apa fall 2010 green final pdf

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