1. Name the categories of non-hazardous waste. (4m)

2. Explain the characterization of scheduled waste. (4m)

In Malaysia, toxic and hazardous waste is defined as schedules waste. It is defined as waste or combination of waste materials that pose a significant or potential hazard to human health or living organism.

3. Define Municipal Solid Waste. (4m)

The term municipal solid waste (MSW) is defined as waste collected by the local authorities; mainly waste from households, institutions, commercial operations and industries as well as municipal waste such as market, garden waste and others (Gioannis et al., 2008).

4. Differentiate between generalized solid waste management waste integrated solid waste management. (4m)

Solid waste collection is an important component of solid waste management. The collection of waste requires the biggest budgets and has the greatest impact on public health and the environment. the term solid waste collection includes the initial storage of waste at the household, shop or business premises; the loading, unloading and transfer of waste and all stages of transporting the waste until it reaches the final destination. Final destination means a treatment plant or disposal site depending on the area. However, the concept of integrated solid waste management is recognised by the key players involved in the solid waste management. This concept stresses that stakeholders should consider all stages of solid waste management, from generation to final disposal. Integration is important as it will affect the decisions made and therefore will have social, economic, political and institutional impacts on a country.

5. State four basic management strategies in integrated solid waste management. (4m)

a) Refuse collection systems

b) Methods of loading and transporting waste

c) Transfer stations

d) Basic data related to waste collections