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Savannah Philharmonic with Jeremy Davis and the Fabulous Equinox Orchestra Rehearsal Nov 20

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Savannah  Philharmonic  with    Jeremy  Davis  and  the  Fabulous  

Equinox  Orchestra  Rehearsal  Nov  20  

The  Savannah  Philharmonic  and  Equinox  Orchestra  play  the    

“Great  American  Songbook”      

•  The  “Great  American  Songbook”  is  a  term  used  to  describe  American  popular  songs  from  the  1920s  to  the  1950s,  many  of  which  were  popularized  on  Broadway  or  in  Hollywood  movie  musicals  

•  There  is  no  definiRve  list  of  musicians  or  song  writers  whose  works  are  considered  by  music  criRcs  to  be  part  of  the  “Great  American  Songbook”  however  some  of  the  most  well  known  names  include:  

–  George  and  Ira  Gershwin  –  Harold  Arlen  –  Jerome  Kern  –  Cole  Porter  –  Rodgers  and  Hammerstein  –  Rogers  and  Hart  –  Savannah’s  own,  Johnny  Mercer              

 

Richard  Rodgers  &    Oscar  Hammerstein  II  

•  Richard  Rodgers  and  Oscar  Hammerstein  II  created  many  popular  Broadway  musicals  in  the  1940’s  and  1950’s,  beginning  the  era  of  the  “Great  American  Songbook”    

•  Rodgers  composed  the  music    •  Hammerstein  wrote  the  lyrics    •  Their  partnership  has  been  called  the  

greatest  of  the  20th  Century  •  Addressed  social  issues  such  as  racism,  

sexism,  and  classism  in  their  music  (ex:  Carousel/domesRc  violence  and  South  Pacific/racism)  –  Carousel        h]p://www.academia.edu/3535913/

Whats_the_Use_of_Wondering_if_Hes_Good_or_Bad_Carousel_and_the_PresentaRon_of_DomesRc_Violence_in_Musicals  

–  South  Pacific      h]p://prospect.org/arRcle/when-­‐love-­‐meets-­‐racism      

Savannah’s  Own  Johnny  Mercer  

•  Prolific  songwriter,  over  1400  songs  wri]en  including  over  100  for  movies  

•  Co-­‐founder  and  president  of  Capital  Records  •  Created  Song  Writers  Hall  of  Fame  in  1969  

with  Howard  Richmond  and  Abe  Olman  •  In  1980,  The  Johnny  Mercer  award  was  

created  to  honor  excellent  songwriters  and  composers  

•  Frank  Sinatra  was  the  first  winner  of  The  Johnny  Mercer  Award      h]p://www.johnnymercerfoundaRon.org/iniRaRves-­‐charity/for-­‐educators/  

Frank  Sinatra  

•  1940  signed  a  contract  with  the  biggest  band  in  the  country,  the  Tommy  Dorsey  Band  

•  1942  went  solo  •  1953  signed  a  record  contract  with  Capital  

Records  •  Career  spanned  50  years      •  One  of  the  top  entertainers  of  the  20th  

Century  

The  Great  American  Songbook  was  popularized  by  “Big  Bands”  

•  As  jazz  music  grew  in  popularity  in  the  1920s,  a  type  of  musical  ensemble  known  as  the  “Big  Band”  emerged    –  A  Big  Band  typically  consisted  of  17  instruments:  –  Five  saxophones  –  Four  trumpets  –  Four  trombones  –  Four  piece  rhythm  secRon  

•  Big  Bands  oien  included  strings  as  well.    Big  Bands  with  strings  were  called  orchestras  even  though  they  did  not  play  “classical”  music      

•  Big  Bands,  as  opposed  to  tradiRonal  jazz  combos,    are  characterized  by  sweet  and  romanRc  melodies,  and  the  presence  of  a  string  secRon  

•  Music  played  by  Big  Bands  was  typically  craied  in  advance  by  an  arranger,  not  improvised,  like  jazz  

•  Radio  programs  and  movies  made  Big  Bands  and  the  songs  know  considered  to  be  part  of  the  Great  American  songbook  famous  

•  The  term  “Ba]le  of  the  Bands”  originated  in  the  “Big  Band”  era  and  referred  to  a  theatre  performance  featuring  several  different  bands          How  have  “Ba+les  of  the  Bands”  been  modernized?          

Jazz  

•  Uniquely  American  style  of  music  •  Jazz  music  is  characterized  by  improvisaRon  •  “Second  Line”  is  a  tradiRonal  New  Orleans  

Standard  with  a  repeRRve  melody  •  Swing  is  the  basic  rhythm  of  jazz  •  To  create  this  rhythm  the  2nd  and  4th  beats  

are  accented  •  Swing  dancing  became  the  naRonal  past-­‐Rme  

of  the  1930s-­‐40s  •  Follow  a  strophic  form  

–  Strophic,  all  verses  or  stanzas  of  the  text  are  sung  to  the  same  music    

–  The  opposite  of  strophic  form,  with  new  music  wri]en  for  every  stanza,  is  called  through-­‐composed  

   

Contemporary  ArMsts  that  that  have    performed    American  Standard  Music  today  

 •  Natalie  Cole  •  Keith  Richards  •  Gloria  Estefan  •  Barry  Manilow  •  Queen  LaRfah  •  Joni  Mitchell  •  Boz  Scaggs  •  Norah  Jones  •  Sir  Paul  McCartney  •  Harry  Connick,  Jr  •  Michael  Buble  

Why  do  contemporary  ar/sts  “cover”  songs  vs.  crea/ng  original  music?      

Glossary  

•  Composer-­‐  a  person  who  writes  music    •  ComposiMon,  also  called  a  “piece”  of  music,  

is  wri]en  by  a  composer  •  Conductor-­‐  a  person  leading  an  orchestra  or  

band  using  his/her  arms  and  hands  to  show  the  steady  beat  as  well  as  when  and  how  to  play    

•  Rhythm-­‐  the  flow  of  music  that  includes  pa]erns  of  sound  over  a  steady  beat  

•  Tempo-­‐  speed  at  which  a  piece  of  music  is  played  

•  Dialogue-­‐  a  conversaRon  between  people  or  instruments  

•  Crescendo-­‐  music  genng  louder,  li]le  by  li]le  

•  Decrescendo-­‐  music  genng  soier,  li]le  by  li]le  

•  Sight-­‐Reading-­‐reading  and  performing  a  piece  of  wri]en  music  specifically  when  the  performer  has  not  seen  it  before  

   

What  makes  music  popular?    

•  Relate  importance  of  music  to  culture  and  historical  events            What  songs  past  and  present  can  you  think  of  that  relate  to  cultural  events?    

•  IdenRfy  popular  music  of  different  decades          What  makes  the  music  popular?                      How  are  new  styles  created  and  then  how  do  they  gain  notoriety?    

Listening  Tips  

•  Think  about  what  instruments  you  hear  •  What  music  words  might  you  use  to  describe  

the  music  •  If  you  can’t  idenRfy  individual  instruments,  

try  idenRfying  the  instrument  families