saturn i workship

8/3/2019 Saturn I Workship

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5

b ,. .A*~ - Publ ic Af fa i r s Of f ice M ar ch 15, 1968

{ J , G eo r g e C . Mar sha l l Space F l ig h t Cen terj National Aeronaut ics and Space Adminis t ra t ion

5C ? + Ma rsh a l l Space P l igh t Ce n t e r , A labama

Cc'= \ ,2 ,Ph on e: 876-1102, 876-1959

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Date: -__C_D X ,'/ATURN I WORKSHOP

The National Aeron au t ics and Space Admin is t r a t ion p rop oses to p lace i t s

em b r y o n i c s p ace s t a t i o n - - the Sa tu rn I o rb i ta l workshop -- in to orb i t in 1970

to ga in a be t te r unders tand ing of the r equ i reme nts fo r a perm anen t man- mad e

i s l an d i n s p ace .

T h e o r b i t a l w o r k s h o p o r S a tu r n S -I VB s p ent s t ag e ex p e r im en t c a l l s f o r

chang ing a p ropu ls ion s tage in to a l iv ing a r e a a f te r i t has p rope l led i t s e l f in to

space . In th i s p ro jec t , the Sa tu rn S -IVB s ta ge ' s huge l iquid hydrogen tank i s

to be f i r s t modif ied on the g round . These modi fica tions wi l l al low as t ronau ts to

chang e t h e t an k a r e a i n to s p ac io u s l iv in g an d w o r k in g q u a r t e r s o n ce i n s p ace .

T h e tan k 's 1 0 ,0 0 0 cu bi c fo ot i n t e r i o r i s m any t im e s l a r g e r t h an an y s p ace c r a f t

f lown thus fa r .

T h e f i r s t o r b i t a l w o r ks h o p m i s s io n w i l l be 28 days , two weeks longer than

the 14 day Gemini 7 mis s io n which is the long es t manned f l ight to date .

NASA wi l l l aunch the o rb i ta l workshop a s the f i r s t of i t s Apol lo Appl icat ions

m i s s io n s . Sa tu rn IB launch veh ic les wi l l lo ft the workshop an d subsequen t

manned Apollo spac ecra f t . AAP launch veh icles w i l l become ava i lab le when they

a r e no t needed fo r the ma in s t r ea m Apollo lunar l anding e f fo r t .



Dr . George E. Mueller , ass oci a te adm inis t ra tor for Manned Space Fl ight ,

sa i d the orb i t a l workshop "wi l l provide us wi th a m ajor s te p towards an under -s tanding of the requ ire me nts for a s pace s ta t ion . "

He s a i d the e ar ly development of long dura t ion f l igh t capabi l ity i s c le ar ly one

of t h e m o s t i m p o r t a nt a r e a s t o b e p r e s s e d f o r w a r d , s i n ce i t i s a k ey r e q u i r e m e n t

for mo st of the possibl e signif icant advances in manned fl ight . Apollo Application s

f l igh ts of s ev era l months dura tion wi l l repr es en t a s igni f ican t inc rea se in the

nat ion ' s opera t iona l capabi l i t ies in s?ace arid wi l l p rovide oppor tuni t ies for

imp or tan t sc ien t i f ic and technological exper imenta t io n . An extended dura t ion

f l igh t exper imen t i s a l so nec ess a ry to p rov ide a sound bas i s fo r those fu tu re

decis ions on manned pro gr am s of the gre at es t in t ere s t and potent ial . T h e s e

include perm ane nt manned facil i t ies in ::pace o r manned f l ights to the plane ts.

Maximum economy w i l l be achieved in the Apollo Applications ef fort

through the f u l l us e and modification of Apollo sp ac ec ra ft and Saturn launch veh icle s.

Unt il the or b i ta l workshop idea developed , a spent s tage in orb i t wa s

cons ide red to be u se les s . Today, ba sed on deta i led s tudie s , the S-IVB spent

s tage i s con sidere d to be a f lex ib le and economical res ou rc e , capable of fu l f i l ling

a va r i e ty o f manned space p ro g ra m requ i r emen ts a t r e l a t ive ly low cos t .

The m aj or p ieces of new equipment being developed for the wor ksho p

exper imen t a r e an a i r loc k and mul t ip le docking adap te r . The a i r lock , be ing

bui l t for the Manned Spac ecraf t Center by McDonnell Douglas C or p . , wi l l a l low

as t ro nau t s to move f r om the i r space c ra f t to the S- IVB s tage wi thou t dep ress u r iz in g

e i t h e r . The docking adapte r a t tached to the a i r lo ck provides a means of joining

together up to f ive payloads. The NASA-Mar sha l l Space Fl ight Center i s

designing and manufacturing the multiple docking adapter .



-3 -T h e s p a c e a g e n c y w i l l d e m o n s t r a t e w i t h t h i s p r o j e c t t h e e f f e c t s o f l o ng

dura t io n f li gh t s on man and h i s equ ipment and wi l l conf i rm an d re f ine t he

h a r d w a r e a n d t ec h n iq u e s n e e d ed f o r o r b i t a l a s s e m b l y . T h e s e o b j e c t i v e s w i l l

be ach i eved by the c rew pe r f orm ing ex t ens ive eng inee r ing , sc i en t i f i c and

biom edica l exp e r imen t s d ur ing the f l igh t .

A fo llow-on spa ce s t il ti on pro j ec t ca l l ed t he S a turn V work shop a l s o i s

unde r s tudy . The s am e Sa turn S- IVB s t age , i n t h i s app l i ca t i on a S a turn V ' s

th i rd s t ag e , would be comple t e ly ou t f it t ed on the g round and be "d ry l aunched .

NASA has i ncluded p l ans fo r such a fo ll ow-on e f for t i n i t s f i s ca l yea r 1969

b u d g e t r e q u e s t .

AAP MISSION SEQUENCE

F o u r S a t u r n IB l aunch veh ic le s wi l l be used to l o ft t he spa ce agencyl s f i r s t

AAP pay loads . The c lus t e r in g concep t wi l l be used to jo in t he pay loads i n o rb i t .

C l u s t e r i n g t h e s m a l l e r pa y lo a d s i n o r b i t w i l l p r o v i d e g r e a t e r c a p a b i l it y t o c a r r y

o u t p l an n e d l on g t e r m e x p e r i m e n t s .

T h e f i r s t t w o -s t a g e S a t u r n IB v e h i c le w i l l l au n c h t h e o r b i t a l w o r k s h o p .

The unmanned veh ic l e , cons i s t i ng of t he spen t S- IVB s t age , a i r l o ck and mul t i p l e

d o ck in g a d a p t e r w i l l b e p l a c ed i n a 2 6 0 s t a t u t e m i l e c i r c u l a r o r b i t f r o m L a u n c h

C o m p l e x 3 7 B a t t h e K e n ne d y Sp a c e C e n t e r , F l a .

A day l a t e r , a manned Apollo space c ra f t wi l l be l aunched by ano the r Sa turn

IB f r o m L a un c h C o m p l ex 3 4 a t t h e K en n ed y C e n t e r . The manned Apol lo

s p a c e c r a f t w i l l t r a n s f e r t o t h e o r b i t of t h e o r b i t i n g w o r k s h o p .



The thre e-m an Apol lo crew w il l rendezvous wi th the workshop and dock a t

one of the po rts on the multiple docking ad apt er . T h e a s t r o n a u t s w i l l i n s u r e

the tanks a r e vented and wi l l ou t fi t the hydrogen tank for th e i r 28 days in space .

Near the end of the s t ay , the a s t ronau t s wi l l p r epa re the workshop fo r spac e

s to ra ge and r e tu rn to ea r t h in the i r Apo llo spacec ra f t .

About fou r mon ths l a t e r ano the r c r ew of th ree a s t rona u t s wi l l r e tu r n to the

workshop and pe r fo r m exper im en ts fo r up to 56 days.

The fou rth Apollo Applications f l ight is to be abou t f ive to s ix mon ths l a t e r .

This w ill be an unmanned Apollo Teles cope Mount, launched by another Saturn IB

vehic le . A manned Apol lo spa cec raf t wi l l p rece de the ATM f light . The manned

cr af t wi l l rendezvous and dock wi th the Apollo Teles cope Mount and then

rendezvo us and dock with the workshop.

T h i s t i m e , t h e t h r e e a s t r o n a u t s a r e e x pe c te d t o s t a y in s p a c e f o r s o m e 56

days . These as t r onau t s wi l l ope ra te the ATM so la r exper imen ts to p rov ide

scie n t i f ic in format ion on the s un ' s ac t iv i ty .

Once again the men wi l l p r ep ar e the workshop for an inact ive per iod and

wi l l then r e tu r n to ea r th wi th the f i lm used to r e co rd so la r da ta .

SATURN I WORKSHOP DESCRIPTION

A fl igh t Saturn S-IVB sta ge , wi th so me modif ica tion , wi l l be used fo r the

orb i ta l workshop.

Along wi th the S- IVB sta ge , majo r equipment being developed for the workshop

a r e an a i r loc k , a mu l t ip le dock ing adap te r and so la r a r r ay . The a i r lo ck wi l l be

mounted on the forw ard end of the s tage a t the luna r module a t tac h poin ts . The

mult ip le docking adap ter wi l l be r ig id ly mounted a t the fo rw ard end of the a i r lo ck .



I SATURN I WORKSHOP



-5-

Tw o so l a r a r r a y s w i l l b e m o u n te d t o th e s t a g e ' s o u t s i d e w a l l .

S-IVB STAGE

Once the l iqu id oxygen-l iqu id hydrogen p rope l led s t age ha s ach ieved o rb i t ,

t h e t a n k s w i l l b e a u t o m a t i c a l l y v e n te d t o e x pe l1 t h e r e s i d u a l f u e l s a s p a r t of t h e

pre para t ion of mak ing i t hab i t ab le . The p re - ins t a l l e d work shop equ ipment wi l l

not in te r f er wi th the l iquid hydrog en flow dur in g the pow ered por t io n of the f l ight .

Upper s t ag es fo r l a t e r Sa tu rn IB f l igh t s - - 209 through 212 - - are receiv ing

ba s ic mod i f ica t ions so any of thes e veh ic l es cou ld be used fo r the workshop ro le .

Th ese ba s i c changes inc lude the d r i l l i ng of so me 100 ho les th roughou t the s t a ge

t o b e u s e d a s a t t a c h po in ts f o r t h e f l o o r , p a r ti t io n s a n d e x p e r i m e n t r a c k s .

M c D on n el l D ou gl as C o r p . , p r i m e S- IV B s t a g e c o n t r a c t o r , h a s a c o n t r a c t

f o r t h e w o r k sh o p r o l e .

Th e s t a g e s e l e c t e d f o r t h e w o r ksh o p m i s s i o n w i l l h a v e a g r e a t d e a l of

e q u i p m e n t i n s t a l l e d b e f o r e i t l e a v e s t h e l a u n ch p a d .

A q u i ck - op e n in g h a t c h r e p l a c e s a n e x i s t in g m a n h o le c o v e r i n th e f o r w a r d

t a n k d o m e . Th e h a t c h i s d e s i gn e d f o r e a sy , t r o u bl e f r e e a n d q u ic k a c c e s s t o

the t ank .

An a luminu m gr id -pa t t e rn f loo r wi l l be p laced in the lower sec t ion of the

tank to d iv ide it i n to two "s to r i es . " Par t i t i on s w i l l be ins t a l l ed a long wi th a

f i r e r e t a r d a n t l i n e r a r o u n d t h e i n s id e t a n k su r f a c e . A n o th e r f e a t u r e w i l l b e a

me teo ro id sh ie ld on the ou t s ide of the s t ag e .

C r e w q u a r t e r s , o ne of th e m o r e i m p o r t a n t a sp e c t s of th e w o r k sh o p , w i l l b e

loca ted in the a f t end of the l iqu id hydrogen t ank . The comm on f loo r s ep ar a t es

t h e c r e w q u a r t e r s s e c t io n o f t h e t a nk f r o m a l a r g e l a b o r a t o r y a r e a .



- 6 -

P r e - in s ta l l ed p a r t i ti o n s d iv id e t h e c r ew q u a r t e r s i n to s l e ep co m p ar tm e n t s ,

f oo d an d w as t e m an ag em en t co m p ar tm en t s an d a w o r k a r ea .

A cloth cei l ing ins ta l led ad jacen t to the l iquid oxygen tank-hydrogen tank

co m m o n b ulkh ead w i l l s e r v e a s a r e f e r en ce s u r f ace f o r t h e a s t r o n au t s an d w i l l

r e f l ec t l igh t in the a re a . C e il in g b eam s a l s o s e r v e a s h an d r a i l s u p p o r t s .

Was te m anagement and food management comp ar tme nts wi l l be sea led to

co n t r o l t h e m o v em en t o r o d o r s an d p a r t i c l e s . T h e s e a r e a s w i l l b e s e a l e d w i th

alum inum sh ee t and wil l have folding " te lephone -booth1 ' type doo rs .D es ig n e r s h av e pr o vid ed r e l a t i v e ly l a r g e c r ew q u a r t e r s . The food and

w a s t e m a n a ge m e n t a r e a s e a c h h av e 3 0 squ are f ee t of floor a r ea . One s le ep

co m p ar tm en t i s 67 s q u a r e f ee t an d t he o th e r i s 70 s q u a r e f ee t . T h e w o r k

com par tme nt ha s 181 sq ua re fe et of f loor a- rea .

A t h e r m a l co n t r o l an d v en t il a ti o n s y s t em w i l l give the as t ron au ts a hab i table

env i ronment wi th a t em pe ra t u re in the r ange of 60 to 90 degree s Fahren he i t .

A two-gas (oxygen-ni t rogen) env i ronmenta l sy s te m w i l l be used on the

workshop. T h e i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e w i l l b e m a in ta in ed a t 5-6 p ou nd s p e r s q u a r e

inch.

F an s w i l l c i r cu l a t e t h e w or k sh o p a tm o s p h e r e t o k eep t he t em p e r a tu r e

cons tant . Spec ia l f an as se mb l ies w i l l be ins ta l l ed by the as t r ona u ts . Th is

equ ipment and the o ther a s t ronau t ins ta l l ed gear wi l l be s t o re d dur ing the

launch in the m ult ip le docking ada pte r .



E le c t r i c a l p o w er d i s t ri b u t i o n s y s t em w i l l be p r e - i n s t al l ed an d w i l l co n n ec t

the workshop l iving and work ing a r e a s wi th power sou rce s in a i r loc k and the so la r

c e l l a s s e m b l i e s . L igh ts wi l l be ins ta l l ed by the a s t rona u ts and may be moved

about fo r l igh t ing con t ro l .

T h e r e w i l l a l s o b e a c au t io n and w a rn in g s y s t em in t he w o r k s ho p . T he

s y s t em h as s en s o r s an d i n d ica to r / co n t r o l l e r p an e l t o a l e r t t h e a s t r o n au t s of

hazardous cond i t ions .

A " f i r eman ' s " po le wi l l ex tend f ro m the qu ick-open ing ha tch ver t i c a l ly

th r ou g h t h e c r ew q u a r t e r s . As t ronau ts w i l l use the po le to move th rough the

ce nte r of the workshop . An expe r ime nt t r a ns fe r dev ice wi l l a l s o be used wi th

th e f i r em an ' s p o le t o t r an s f e r ex p e r im en t an d eq u ip m en t co n ta in e r s f r o m th e

mul t ip le dock ing adap te r to the work a re a .

The fo rward por t ion of the workshop wi l l be a work a re a wh ere expe r ime nts

brough t f ro m the m ul t ip le docking adap te r wi l l be per fo rmed .

The meteo ro id sh ie ld wi l l de cr ea se the p robab i l ity of hazar dous pene t ra t ion

of the workshop by m eteo ro ids . The sh ie ld wi l l be ins ta l l ed a s a k i t w ith

min imum s tage modi f ica t ions .

The sh ie ld i s an 0. 025 i nch a lu m in u m s h ee t w hich i s h e ld ag a in s t t h e s t ag e ' s

l iquid hydrogen tank dur ing launch. Once in space it i s deployed by swingl inks

d r iv en b y t o r s i o n s p r in g s . I t i s he ld f ive inches f r om the tank wal l in o rb i t .

AIRLOCK

T h e a i r l o ck i s m ad e u p of a l o ad -b ea rin g t r u s s f r am ew o r k an d a c en t r a l ,

co m p ar tm en ted t u nn e l a s s em b ly . The 16-foot e ight inch long ai r lo ck , including

the s t ru c t u r a l t r ans i t ion sec t ion , i s mounted a t the fo rward end of the S-IVB



s t age wi th in the ins t rumen t un i t and the spacecra f t l unar adap te r s t ru c tu re .

The s t r uc tu re i s a t tached to the vehic le a t the lunar module a t ta ch points in

the sp acec ra f t l unar modu le adap te r .

The fo rward end of the a i r loc k i s r igid ly a t tached to the mul t ip le docking

a d a p t e r .

Fou r viewing po r ts , spaced approximately 9 0 d e g r e e s a p a r t , a r e p r ov i de d

in the t r ans i t ion sec t ion , a s a r e mos t of the a i r loc k con t ro l s .

The 65 inch d iamete r tunnel ass em bly includes two in te rna l bulkheads wi th

ha tches and a f l ex ib le p ress u re - t ig h t a sse mbly which i s connec ted to the l iqu id

hydrogen tank of the S-IVB stage . The tunnel pe rm i ts in t rav ehicu lar t ra ns fer

of c r ew me mb er s wi thin the p re ssu r i ze d env i ronment of the o rb i t a l a ssemb ly .

The a i r l ock compa r tmen t conta ins a Gemini hatch in the tunnel wal l . This

compar tme n t p rov ides the c r ew acc es s to sp ace without r equ i r ing dep ressu r i za t io n

of the en t i r e c lus t e r and i s s i zed to pe rm i t occupancy by two c rew me mb er s

in p re ssu r i ze d su i t s wi th por t able l i fe suppor t sys t em s .

MU LTI PLE DOCKING ADAPTER

The mul t ip l e docking adap te r i s a cy l ind r i ca l p r es su re v es se l wh ich i s

s t ruc t u ra l ly a t t ached to the a i r ock by a s t ru c tu ra l t r ans i s t ion sec t ion .

The MDA is 17 fee t two in ches long and 12 fee t in dia me ter a t i ts wi des t

point . Th e f o r w a r d e nd t a p e r s a nd i n cl ud e s a n a x i a l d o c k i ~ g o r t . F o u r

add i t iona l dock ing por t s a r e spaced a t 90 d e g r e e i n t e r v a l s , r a d i a l t o t h e c y l i n d r ic a l

sect ion . Thre e of the r a d ia l po r t s and the ax ia l po r t a r e conf igured fo r c omm and/

se rv ic e module docking. The o ther rad ia l por t wi l l be conf igured for luna r module/

Apollo teles cop e mount docking.



Fo ur windows a r e loca ted 90 degr ees a pa r t on the conica l sec t ion.A

gr id f loo r , no rm al to the longi tudina l ax i s , i s loca ted approx imate ly 2 3 inches

below the radia l docking por t cente r l in es . Four f la t gr i d wa l l s , p a r a l l e l to

the longitudina l ax i s , a r e mounted be tween the s t ru c tu ra l t rans i t ion sec t ion

and gr id f l oor. Hinging wi l l per mi t ac ce ss to the backs ides of the wal l s ,

ad j acen t t o the cy l i ndr i ca l s t r uc t u ra l she l l so t ha t expe r iment s and equ ipment

may be mounted on both sid es of th ese wal ls .

Mount ing provis ion for exp er ime nts to be conducted in the MDA as we l l

a s for expe r ime nts and equipment to be moved to the Sa turn I w o r ks h op a r e

provided. Th e re i s about 1 ,500 cub ic fee t of a r ea ava i l ab l e fo r us e a s a s t o rag e

a r e a f o r e x p e r i m e n t s, equipment and suppl ies dur ing launch and while in o rbi t .

SOLAR ARRAY

The so l a r a r ra y wi l l p rov ide e l ec t r i c power fo r the workshop whi le t he fue l

ce l l s in the command and serv ice modu les wi ll handle the CSM power r equ i rem ent $

The sy s t em s a r e , howeve r , c r os s l inked fo r f l ex ib i li t y i n handl ing peak l oads a s

we l l a s fo r coun t er i ng fa i l u re s i tua t i ons . Fo r the eight -week mi s s ion , power

wi l l be supp li ed t o t he CSM f rom the workshop so l a r a r ra y s and t he fue l c e l l s

wi l l be ope ra t ed a t a low l eve l commensura t e with wa te r p roduct i on req u i rem ent s

in o r de r t o r educe c ryogen i c load ing requ i r eme nt s .

ORBITAL WORKSHOP EXPERIMENTS

Th ere a r e about 50 cand ida t e expe r iment s be ing cons ide red fo r t he f i r s t

five Apollo Applications fl ights. A majo r i ty of the expe r ime nts wi l l be on the

f i r s t o r b i t a l w o r k sh o p . T h e s e e x p e r i m e n t s a r e c a te g o r iz e d i nt o s e v e r a l a r e a s '

biomed ica l , engineer ing , t echnologica l and sc ient i f i c .



-10 -T h r ee NASA H ead q u a r t e r s P r o g r am O f fi ces - - Space Science and

Appl ica t ions , Advanced Re se ar ch and Techno logy and Manned Space F l igh t - -plus the Depar t men t of Defense , a r e con t r ibu t ing to the exper im ent pool . OMSF

h as t h e o v e r a l l ex p e r im en t m an ag em en t ch o r e .

The cand ida te exper iments inc lude :

S c i ent i f ic ex p e r im en t s

SO27 Galac t ic x - ra y mapping

SO 6 1 P o t a to r e s p i r a t i o n

SO65 Mul t i -band te r r a i n pho tography

SO69 X - r ay a s t r o n o m y

SO73 Gegensche in f lash zod iaca l l ight

T ech n olo g ica l ex p e r im en t s

TO03 Inflight nep he lom ete r

TO 13 Cre w veh ic le d i s tu rban ce

TO17 Meteoro id impa c t and e ros i on

TO 18 P r ec i s i on op t ica l t r ack ing

TO20 J e t shoe s

TO21 Met eoro id veloci ty

TO23 S u r f ace ab s o r b ed m a te r i a l s

TO25 Coronag raph and con tamina t ion me as ur em en ts

TO27 ATM con tamina t ion me asu rem ent s

DOD exper iments

DO08 Radiat io n in sp ac ec ra f t>

DO17 Ca rb on dioxide redu ctio n

DO 19 Suit donn ing and s l ee p s ta t ion eva lua t ion



DO20 Al te rna te re s t ra in t s eva lua t ion

DO2 1 Expandable a i r ock technology

DO22 Expandable s t ru c t ur es

Eng ine e r ing e xpe r im e n t s

M402 Orb i ta l worksh op

M415 Th e r m a l c on t r o l c oa ti ngs

M423 H ydr o s t a t i c ga s be a r ing

M439 S t a r ho r i z on a u tom a t i c t r a c k ing

M469 ST -124 guidance sy s t em re mo va l

M479 Ze ro gravi ty f l ammab i l i ty

M487 ~ a b i t a b i l i t ~ l c r e wu a r t e r s

M489 Hea t exchanger se rv ic e

M492 Tube joining as se mb lie s

M493 E le c t r on be a m w e ld ing

M508 EVA ha rdw are eva lua t ion

M509 As t r ona ut maneuv er ing equipment

Me d ic al e xpe r im e n t s

M070 Nut r iona and musculo ske l e ta l func tion

M07 1 Mi ne r a l ba lance

M072 Bone des i t ome t ry

M073 Bio ass ay of body f luids

M 07 4 S m a l l m a s s m e a s u r e m e n t

M090 Card iov ascu la r func t ion

M09 1 LB N P (l ow e r body ne ga ti ve p r e s s u r e ) ( p r e a nd pos t f li ght )



V e c t o r c a r d i o g r a m

Ant idecondi tion ing ga r men t

Neurophysiology

Human ves t ibu la r func tion

Beha viora l e f fec ts

Ti me and mot ion s tudy

Pu lm ona r y f unc ti on a nd e ne r gy m e ta bo l i s m

Metabol ic ac t ivi ty

B od y m a s s m e a s u r e m e n t

ORBITAL WORKSHOP PASSIVATION AND ACTIVATION

The S -I VB s t a ge a r r i v e s i n o r b i t w i th s om e r e s idua l p r ope l l a n t s , a n a c t i ve

r a nge s a f e ty s ys t e m a nd w i th o the r po te n t ia l ha z a r d s t o a s t r on a u t s a f e ty . The s e

sy s te ms mu s t be put in a sa fe condi tion be fore the a s t ro nau ts ca n begin out fi t ting

the s t a ge .

P r i o r t o t he Ma nned s pa c e c r a f t ciocking t o t he s pe n t s t a g e , t he r a ng e s y s t e m

wi l l be deac t iva ted by ground command. Vent ing of prope l lan t r e s id ua l s wi l l be

s t a r t e d by a p r e p r o g r a m m e d , t a pe -ope r a t ed s e que nc e r i n t he i n s t r u m e n t uni t.

Much of the prope l lan t s wi l l be dumped through the J -2 engine . This exe rc i se

wa s conduc ted expe r iment a l ly dur ing the Apollo 5 m is s ion J a nua r y 2 2 , 1968.

I t w a s s uc c e s s f u l i n re duc ing the t a nk p r e s s u r e s a nd p r ope l l a n t s . The l iqu id

oxyge n ta nk w i l l be ve n t e d a nd t hen t he hydr oge n t a nk p r e s s u r e w i l l be r e l i e ve d .

O ther ve nt ing p r o c e s s e s i n i t i at e d by t he i n s t r um e n t un it s e que nc e r i nclude

venting of the co ld he l ium sp he re s , venting of the J -2 engine s ta r t bo tt l e and

venting the J -2 engine cont ro l sph e re .



-13 -Thr ee funct ions wi l l be pe r fo rmed by the a s t ronau t s in the a i r lock a f t e r

docking. The se include checking the l iquid hydrogen tank low pr e ss u re

ind ica to r s , secon d, commandin g l iquid hydrogen tank non propulsive venting

valve c los ed , and commanding the pass ivat ion of the s tage hel ium co ntro l bo t t le .

Af ter a l l the opera t ional sy ste ms and equipment have been put in a safe

condi t ion , the as t rona uts wi l l begin tasks requ ired to mak e the l iqu id hydrogen

tank a habi tab le workshop. Act ivat ion proce dure s a r e p lanned to provide

maxi mum safe ty , economy of ef for t , min imum tools and minimum t im e for the

a s t r o n a u t s .

As mo st of the fea t ure s req uired for habi tab i l i ty s uch a s f loor ing , mobi l i ty

a ids , the rm al s l eeves , f i r e r e ta rda t ive coa t ing , va r ious moun ting and s towage

provis ions , and pro tec t ive padding, wi l l be ins ta l led in the tank pr i or to launch .

The se th ings mu st not comp romise the S- IVB1s pr im ar y funct ion a s a f l igh t

s tage nor in te r fer e wi th pass ivation . Provis ions for monitor ing condi t ions in

the workshop sha l l be provided in the command module .

Dur ing the in i t ia l ac t ivation per iod , the as t ron aut s work in the pre ss ur i ze d

ai r lo ck anci mul t ip le docking adapte r modules . They then pr es su r i ze the

workshop. Once the t ank i s p res su r i zed , the a s t rona u t s r e lea se the qu ick -

opening hatch in the forward dome of the tank and a pre ssu re-s u i te d as t r ona ut

e n t e r s . He pe r f o rm s ce r t a in bas ic t a sks such a s in s ta l l ing r edundan t sea l s

a t a l l tank penetra t ions , ins ta ll ing fans a t approp r ia te locat ions and a t taching

them up to the pre- ins ta l le d wir ing out le ts , and o therwise making the workshop

su i t able fo r sh i r t s l eeve opera t ion.



Th e n ex t s t ep th en i s t o t r a n sp o r t t o an d a ssem b le in th e wo rk sh o p th e

sy s tem s in vo lv ed with foo d p rep a ra t io n , was te m an ag emen t , s l eep in g q u a r t e r s ,

and f ina l ly , the var ious m edica l , sc ien t i f ic and technica l exper im ents to be

conducted in tha t a re a .

At the end of the s tay , the c rew wi l l p re pa re the s tage fo r sp ace s t o ra ge .

Th e AAP p lans ca l l f o r the s t ag e to b e r ev i s t ed an d r eac t iv a ted fo r 56 days and

then for ano ther 56 days in the so l ar observ a tory miss ion L a t e r r e v i s i t s m a y

la s t f r o m s ix mon th s to o ne y ea r .

ORBITAL WORKSHOP MANUFACTURE AND TESTING

Fiv e v e r s io n s of th e wo rk sh o p a r e now sch edu led fo r a s s emb ly o r

modif ica t ion .

The f i r s t workshop mod el i s the eng ineer ing mockup bu i l t a t the McDonnel l

Douglas C orp. faci l i ty a t Huntington Beach , Calif . Th e mo ck u p i s p r e sen t ly

a t t h e M ar sh a l l C en te r an d i s b e in g u sed in ex tens iv e d es ig n r ev iews .

O t h e r s a r e a n e u t r a l bu oy an cy t e s t a r t i c l e f o r t h e M a r s h a l l C e n t e r , a

n eu t r a l b uo yancy t r a in e r f o r th e Mann ed Sp acec ra f t C en te r , a f l i g ht t r a in e r f o r

as t ron au t s a t MSC and the f l igh t vers i on .

Many of the o rb i t a l workshop ac t iva tion task s have been per f orm ed in

"n eu t r a l b u oy an cy " o r wa te r t an k t e s t s . In t h e s e t e s t s , a p r e s s u r e s u i te d m a n

h as we ig h t s add ed to h i s su i t so h e n e i th e r r i s e s o r s in k s . Thus "suspended"

th e man wo rk s in mu ch th e s am e en v i ro n men t a s in we ig h t l e ssn ess . Of co ur se ,

the wate r push ing aga ins t h im tends to h inder h is movements bu t the underw ater

t e s t s a r e c a l l e d th e b e s t lo ng t e r m w e i g h t l e s s n e s s s i m u l a ti o n av a i la b l e o n e a r t h .

Th es e u n d e rwa te r t e s t s t e l l d e s ig n en g in ee r s an d h u man f ac t o r s p eop le

how wel l the i r too ls and equ ipment can be handled in space .



PROJECT MANAGEMENT

The organizat ions respon sib le fo r d i rec t ing the orb i ta l workshop pro jec t

a r e the Office of Manned Space Flight within NASA Hea dq ua rte rs ; the Apollo

Appl ica t ions Off ice wi thin OMSF a t Headqua r ters ; and the OMSF Fie ld C en ter s :

Kennedy Space Cent er , Manned Spacecraf t Center and the M ar sha l l Space Fl ight

Cen te r .

At the M arshal l Cen ter , the Indus t r ia l Opera t ions Apol lo Appl icat ions

Pr og ra m Of fice i s r e spons ib le fo r the o vera l l managemen t of the s ys te m des ign

and payload in tegra t ion for the m is s ion module o r orb i ta l workshop, development

of the m iss ion m odule (worksh op plus m ultiple docking ada pte r) .

The Marsh a l l Ce n te r ' s P ropu l s ion and Veh ic le Eng inee r ing Labora to ry i s the

lead l abo ra to ry fo r th i s p ro jec t and i s the foca l point fo r a l l the MSFC R ese a rc h

and Development O perations (R&DO) acti vit i es.

The Manned Spacecraf t Cente r has managemen t responsib i l i ty for the

a i r lock module , com mand-se rv ice modu le , space c ra f t luna r module adap te r

and ground suppo rt equipment modif ications in sup por t of the above ele me nts .

The MSC dire c to r has delegated the opera t ion of the pro je c t to the ma nager of

Apollo Applications.

The Apollo Applications Office at Kennedy Space Cen ter is estab lished in

t h e P l a n s , P r o g r a m s a nd R e s o u r c e s D i r e c t o ra t e . KSC is in c ha rg e of launch

opera t io ns , inc luding fac i l ity prepara t ions .



Mar t in-M ar ie t t a C orp . , Denver Divi sion, h as been se lec ted by NASA to

pe r fo rm se rv i ces in the Apollo Applicat ions prog ram . The 27-month co nt rac t

ca l l s fo r payload in tegra t ion of exper im ents and exper im ents suppor t equipment

i n space veh i c l e s . The wor k wi l l inc lude miss ion analy s i s and sy s te ms engineer ing

as so cia ted wi th Apollo Appl icat ions f I ights in addit ion to integrat ion of exp er im ents

and sl ipport equipment.

The c ont rac tor wi l l per for m task s for the thr ee NASA manned spac e f light

cen t e r s . P r es en t l y M ar ti n Denver i s doing wor k a t t he M ar sh a l l Cen te r

involving the Saturn I works hop and the Apollo Tel esc ope Mount. Manned

Space craf t Center wo rk wi l l involve meteorologica l and ear th r e so ur ce s payloads.

Te s t in tegra t ion planning in suppor t for l aunch opera t ions wi l l be p er for med

fo r the Kennedy Space Cen ter .

saturn i workship

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