sarvayogamcorp - 3.imimg.comul: 467. our products are tested & certified by erda, vadodara which...

Sarvayogam Corp

ADVANCE EARTHING SOLUTION & EARLY STREAMER EMISSIONTYPE LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS

EARTHING PRODUCT CATALOG ANDGUIDEBOOK TO SAFE EARTHING

Sarvayogam Corp



Sarvayogam Corp



M: 09825316469 I E: [email protected] I W: sarvayogamcorp.wordpress.com

Welcome to our Earthing Protection Catalogue

Sarvayogam Corp has been a name to reckon forsupply and erection of Advance MaintenanceFree Earthing systems and ESE LightningProtection systems. Based in Ahmedabad,Sarvayogam boasts of a huge list of esteemedclientele including corporate, Developers,Leading Project Consultants, Eminent Architectsand Electricals Contractors. We have beenassociated with esteemed organizations asUltraTech Cement Limited, Prism CementLimited, Breach Candy Hospital to name a few.

Having been into supply of earthing since ourinception in 2012, we have catered to projects inalmost all cities of Gujarat. We have also spreadour wings to cater to projects in Mumbai, Delhi,Goa, Chhattisgarh, Cochin, Udaipur, and Jaipur.We have handled projects as sub-stations, RMCPlants, Hospitals, IT companies with servers,laboratories with sensitive equipments, BankATMs and much more apart from the regular setof Residential and Commercial constructionsites. Our products have been preferred choiceof Electrical Consultants, Electrical contractorsand project consultants and Architects. We notonly supply products in accordance with Indian& International standards, but also providequality services. Over the years, we have gainedenough experience and technical know-how toprovide consulting services in terms of Earthingplanning and installation, testing resistivity ofthe soil, & suggesting earthing material.









mailto:[email protected]




We are a bunch of dedicated individuals with substantial technical experience and adroit inhandling complex projects.

We work towards creating a safe environment at the projects we serve and maintaining aprofessional, healthy and progressive environment at our office and manufacturing facility.We strive to achieve our aim of providing complete satisfaction to our esteemed clients byoffering them quality products. Our ability to ensure timely delivery further cements ourrelationship with our clients.

Each of our processes undergoes an evaluation based on a quality checklist. In terms ofearthing material and accessories, the parameters to be checked include material strength,material grade, fabrication process, galvanization process, overall finishing, usage oftrademarks, packaging. The entire manufacturing process is in accordance with standardslike IS: 3043:1987 and IS: 2309. We also adhere to International standards like BS: 7430 &UL: 467. Our products are tested & certified by ERDA, Vadodara which is a NABL accreditedLaboratory.

Other quality checks include proper documentation, taxation as per law, ensuring timelydispatch-receipt of material, installation as suggested in Indian Standards 3043 and 2907.

Over the years we have supplied earthing material and provided installation service in 14states in India. Hospitals in Delhi, Factories in Goa, telecom towers in Rajasthan, Schools inGujarat, Residential towers in Ahmedabad, Petro Chemical facilities in Dahej and Hajira,Sub-stations in Bhuj and many more have utilized our products and services.

Apart from normal installation service for our products, we offer consultation for projectsfor earthing, Earthing checking, Short circuit current calculation, and advice on criticalelectrical requirements.



Our Product Range:

Pipe in Pipe type Chemical Earthing Systems (Copper Bonded as well as Galvanized) Solid Rod type Chemical Earthing Systems (Copper Bonded) Early streamer Emission type Lightning Protection Systems

For any further information or feedback, please write to us [email protected]



EARTHING: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION

What is Earthing?

“Earthing” may be described as a system of electrical connections to the general mass ofearth. The characteristic primarily determining the effectiveness of an earthelectrode is the conductivity, which it provides between the earthing system and thegeneral mass of earth. It eliminates the electrostatic discharge which can destroysensitive equipments and disrupt power supply. Major objectives of earthing are toprovide safe discharge path for short circuit currents and lightening discharges and toprovide stable potential differences for instrument accuracy.

Purpose of Earthing

The earthing of an electrical installation has twopurposes:

To provide protection for persons or animals against the danger of electric shock. To maintain the proper function of the electrical system by dissipating fault current

and lightning current safely into the ground.

NEED FOR SUPERIOR EARTHING

Times have witnessed the emergence of sensitive equipments and electronicappliances, for various industrial, domestic, hospitals, and other applications. Humansafety, as well as costly and sensitive electronic equipments is vulnerable even to smallfault current which seriously affect the life and the performance of the equipments. TheGI Pipe earthing and the copper plate earthing placed amidst layers of Coal and Salt(traditional earthing), in use since the advent of electricity are not able to cater to theearthing demands of the sophisticated new generation sensitive equipments. Theproblems arising are Corrosion of metal, lack of adequate moisture in case of dry terrains.Thus there arises a need for long lasting, corrosion resistant, reliable and maintenance



What is Earthing?


Purpose of Earthing








What is Earthing?


Purpose of Earthing











free earthing system that retains moisture as well and dissipates the current fall withinmicroseconds into general mass of earth.

All the grounding connections should be as short and direct as possible to reduce peakvoltages induced in the connections and minimize inductance.THE CHIEF REQUIREMENT OF GOOD EARTHING IS LOW SOIL RESISTIVITYSoil Resistivity (specific resistance of the soil) is usually measured in Ohm meters, oneOhm meter being the resistivity the soil has when it has a resistance of one Ohmbetween the opposite faces of a cube of soil having one meter sides. The other unitcommonly used is the Ohm centimeter; to convert Ohm meters to Ohm centimeters,multiply by 100.

Soil resistivity varies greatly from one location to another. For example, soil around thebanks of a river has a resistivity in the order o f1.5 Ohm meters. In the other extreme, drysand in elevated areas can have values as high as 10,000 Ohm meters.

THE EARTH PATH The resistance of the earth path is determined, (1) by the resistivity ofthe soil surrounding the earth rod, (2) by its contact resistance between the earthrod and the surrounding soil and, (3) by the resistance of the earth rod and connectingconductors. When an electrical current passes into the soil from a buried earth rod, itpasses from a low resistance metal into an immediate area of high resistance soil.

Reference to Figures 1 depicts what happens when a current flows from an earth rodinto the surrounding earth. The areas of resistance can be described as being that of anumber of sheaths of ever increasing diameters. The current path passes into the firstsheath immediately adjacent to the earth rod and then into the second sheath which isof a larger cross-section with a greater area for current flow and, therefore, of lowerresistance than the first sheath, and so on into a succession of sheaths or shells of everincreasing area and, because of this, of ever decreasing resistance. Eventually at adistance of three of four meters, the area of current dissipation becomes so large, andthe current density so small, the resistance at this point is negligible.



Measurements show that 90% of the total resistance around an earth rod is within aradius of three meters. However, it is this resistance at the interface where the currentleaves the earth rod and flows into the main body of the earth resistivity, requiringearth rods to be driven to even greater depths. See Table 2 for variations of soilresistivity with moisture content that is important and explains why soil resistivity testsare very necessary in order to secure lowest overall resistance.

THE FOLLOWING FACTORS AFFECT SOIL RESISTIVITY

1. Type of Soil

The soil composition can be: clay, gravel, loam, rock, sand, shale, silt, stones, etc. Inmany locations, soil can be quite homogenous, while other locations may be mixtures ofthese soil types in varying proportions. Very often, the soil composition is in layers orstrata, and it is the resistance of the varying strata, especially at sub-soil level andlowers where the moisture content is not subject to drying out, that is important insecuring a good electrical earth. Refer Table 1 for typical soil resistivity values.

2. Seasonal Conditions

The effects of heat, moisture, drought and frost can introduce wide variations in“normal” soil resistivity. Soil resistivity usually decreases with depth, and an increase ofonly a few percent of moisture content in a normally dry soil will markedly decrease soilresistivity. Conversely, soil temperatures below freezing greatly increase soil resistivity,requiring earth rods to be driven to even greater depths. See Table 2 for variations ofsoil resistivity with moisture content, and Table 3 for variations of soil resistivity withtemperature.

3. Other Factors

Other soil properties conducive to low resistivity are chemical composition, soilionization, homogeneous grain size and even grain distribution - all of which haveMuch to do with retention of soil moisture, as well as providing good conditions for aclosely packed soil in good contact with the earth rod. In view of all the above factors,there is a large variation of soil resistivity between different soil types and moisturecontents. Every earth is an individual and the only way to know that an earthinginstallation meets code requirements is to carry out proper resistance measurements onsite.



MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY

1. Measuring Resistance

Figure 3 illustrates the test setup for measuring the resistance in Ohms between theinstalled earth rod and the general mass of earth. Refer to the instrumentmanufacturer’s manual on how to carry out the test. As a general rule, the distancebetween the earth rod under test and the current probe “C” is not less than 15 meters.

2. Measuring Soil Resistivity

Figure 4 illustrates the simple test setup for measuring soil resistivity. The test resultsgive a resistivity profile of the earth beneath the surface. A four terminal instrument isrequired for soil resistivity. The probes are installed in a straight line with an equal spacingof “a” meters and inserted to a depth of no more than a/20 meters, i.e. For spacing of 2



meters, depth must be less than 100mm. Now keeping the centre position the same,resistance measurements are taken at increasing spacing (e.g. a=2mm, 3mm, 4mmetc.). Always ensure that the spacing between individual test probes is identical.

Four-terminal test instruments.

The soil resistivity can be obtained from the following formula: r = 2p a R (Ohm

meters)

Where p = apparent soil resistivity

a = spacing of probes inmeters

R = resistance value in Ohms (as indicated on thetester)

The use of the resistivity at probe spacing “a” meters as the average resistivity to a depth



of “a” meters is a good enough approximation for most circumstances. From thecalculations, a soil resistivity versus depth profile can be drawn as shown in “Figures 5and 6. The profile can be used to identify where low resistivity soil occurs so thatappropriate installation techniques can be used. As the soil resistivity decreases withdepth, deep driving earth rods are recommended. If the soil resistivity increases withdepth, earth rods should be installed in parallel to obtain a lower resistance reading.Best results are achieved when the spacing of the parallel earth rods is greater than theirdepth.

EARTH ROD LENGTH MORE IMPORTANT THAN DIAMETER

Apart from considerations of mechanical strength, there is little advantage to be gainedfrom increasing the earth rod diameter with the object in mind of increasing surface areain contact with the soil. The usual practice is to select a diameter of earth rod, whichwill have enough strength to enable it to be driven into the particular soil conditionswithout bending or splitting. Large diameter rods may be more difficult to drive thansmaller diameter rods. The depth to which an earth rod is driven has much moreinfluence on its electrical resistance characteristics than has its diameter. This is becauseit is not the actual area of contact with the soil that counts, so much as the totalresistance area of the sheath or shell surrounding the earth rod.

The curve is based upon this formula where the earth resistance using a 25mm diameterearth rod is plotted against its length for soil having a resistivity of 10 Ohm meters. Notethat if the diameter of the earth rod is halved (or doubled), the resistance is changed bysome 12½%.















It can be seen from the curve that a much more dramatic effect is obtained by increasingthe length of the earth rod. The combined resistance of parallel rods is a complex functionof the number of rods, rod diameter, rod length, rod separation, configuration of earth rodsand soil resistivity. In most cases, fewer rods coupled together for deep driving will achievea lower resistance than the same number in parallel.

The earth rod spacing should not be less than the earth rod length to avoid overlapor resistance areas. This is because multiple earth rods, unless spaced well apart, so notfollow the law of resistance in parallel as their earth conducting paths overlap.

Accordingly, the installation of multiple earth rods at sufficient distances apart takes up alarge area, involves long cabling and many connections, all adding up to higher costs intime, labor and equivalent.

USE OF VARIOUS MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION OF EARTHING ELECTRODES

At one time or another, all manners of conductor materials and shapes have beeninstalled in the ground to provide an electrical earth. These materials range from cast ironplates, copper plates, tubes, galvanized steel stakes, copper strip, metallic rod, wire andwater pipe. Taking into account conductivity, high resistance to atmospheric corrosion andsoil attack, ease and economy of installation and overall reliability, the steel rod clad witheither copper or stainless steel has proven its superiority over all others. The clad steel rodis simple to install, its connection to the earthing system is easily made, and theinstallation is readily accessible for inspection and test. Additionally, by the use of deepdriving techniques, extendible earth rods gave been developed to reach underlying strataof low permanent resistivity unaffected by seasonal drying.

STEEL CORE RODS

Electrically, a good earth electrode should have a low intrinsic resistance and be ofsufficient section to carry high currents without damage when called upon.Mechanically, its physical properties should exhibit strength, have a rigid core foreasy driving and be of durable, corrosion resistant material.

COPPER V/S STEEL

The permanence of copper in most soils, its resistance to chemical attack, and its inherentlow resistance, brings it into widespread use throughout the electrical industry in Indiaand around the world. However, there are certain soils where it is inadvisable to usecopper such as in tidal land salt marshes, swamps, and land filled with ashes, coke breezeand like materials. Stainless steel earth rods have a high resistance to both atmosphericand soil corrosion being clad with an austenitic grade stainless steel having chromiumcontent of approximately 17%.



Typical of the applications where stainless steel clad earth rods are favored over copperclad is:

1. Where the chemical composition of the soil reacts more unfavorably than copper -as per conditions described above.

2. Where the earthed item needs to be protected against galvanic attack and corrosion,e.g. lead sheathed cables, steel poles, etc.

3. Where the tougher sheathing of stainless steel will provide for a more durable and rigidearth rod better suited to hard driving conditions than its copper counterpart.

Moreover, the cladding operation imparts an extra toughness to the stainless steel throughhardening.



SARVAYOGAM CORP ADVANCE EARTHING SYSTEM

We adhere to IS: 3043-1987 rules while constructing earthing materials. We also make surethe earthing pipes and rods follow the International standards as mentioned by UL. We havethe following to offer in terms of Advance Maintenance Free Earthing Systems

1. Pipe in Pipe type earthing systemThe earth rod has 2 pipes made of low carbon tensile steel one insertedinside the other. Both pipes are subjected to a copper bonding orgalvanization of 250 microns. The pipes used in manufacturing bear ISI1239 medium mark. The empty space between the 2 pipes is filled withcrystalline conductive mixture. Appropriate lugs with hole and SS nut boltsare provided for fixing strip or concealed wire. Alternately the strip can alsobe welded on the lug. Alternately, we can also provide Strip-in-pipe, wherethe internal pipe is replaced with a thick strip made of same material andhaving efficient conducting capacity.

Salient Features of Earthing Systems:

Maintenance Free: No need to add water in regular intervals asrequired in conventional system.

Consistency: Maintains same (approx) resistance value over long timeregardless of the Soil and climatic conditions.

More Surface area: Conductive Backfill Compound in and around theelectrode creates a conductive zone which provides greater surface area forpeak current dissipation.

Easy Installation: Can be installed indoors as well as outdoors and in all soilconditions.

Corrosion Resistance: The inner rod does not come in contact with thesoil or other active chemicals or contaminants. This enhances the life ofthe rod as the effect of corrosion is minimized.

Adherence to IS 3043- 1987. The Earthing systems follow the norms ofIndian Standard IS: 3043- 1987 indicating directions for safe & effectiveearthing systems. (Refer Annexure for details)

Unique Anti-theft robust design



PRODUCT SPECIFICATION:

Model LugSize

CrossSectionArea

ExternalWallThickness

InternalWallThickness

KARatingsof RMS

SuggestedLoad

SuggestedUsage

48 MM 40 X6

481MM2

3.2 MM 2.0 MM 31.28 ka Upto 250KVA Load

Domestic &Commercialcomplexes

78 MM 50 X6

892MM2

3.6 MM 2.4 MM 63.52 ka Above500KVA Load

Medium &HeavyIndustrialapplications

1. Materials Available: Copper Bonded, Galvanized, Stainless Steel (SS 304)2. Core: Low Carbon Tensile Steel3. Thickness of Coating: 250 Microns of Copper Bonding or Galvanization as

the case may be4. Standard Lengths: 2 Meter, 3 Meter. (Dimensions can be

customized to suit the requirement of the project)5. All pipes used in manufacturing are of ‘ISI 1239’ marked medium.

2. Solid Rod type Advance Maintenance Free Earthing System:



Solid Copper Bonded rods, often called Grounding rods are selected as an ideal earthingsolution due to mechanical stability, enhanced life and low costs over longer period of time.Galvanized steel rods are one of the most economic options available. However the flip sideis that these rods have lower service life. Solid rods of Pure Copper or Stainless Steel areexpensive and have high chance of theft and pilferage. Alternately, steel core solid rodsbonded with copper serve as a good option. These copper bonded rods are economic andcan be driven deep into the soil satisfactorily.

We manufacture Copper Bonded rods using electrolytic process of coating copper on a layerof nickel. We apply 99.9 % pure electrolytic copper. This ensures a long lasting molecularbond between copper layer and the steel core. Sarvayogam Corp recommends CopperBonded rods because the Copper layer will not slip or tear when hard driven. Nor will therod crack if bent. The tough low carbon, high tensile strength steel core has goodcharacteristics for deep driving. Copper Bonding provides the rods, the resistance tocorrosion and low resistance path for the fault current.



The above image shows two ground rods subjected to same pressure load test. Our Copper Bonded earthing rod, shown in left willbend without tears or cracks.

Certain soils or landfills not compatible with Copper can avail Stainless Steel rods.

We can provide the Solid rods with an option of a continuous rod of specified length orshort, threaded (threaded using cold rolling process) pieces of one meter length, withhardened top and tapering, sharp hardened bottom. (Refer image). The table depicts ourstandard Copper Bonded rods.



Salient features of “Sarvayogam” make Copper Bonded Solid rods

Certified by ERDA, Vadodara; ERDA is accredited by NABL. We provide the biggest range of Copper Bonded solid rods in India Layer of Nickel between Copper and Steel core ensures better bonding Tensile strength greater than 80000 PSI, to sustain earth movements and ground

pressures Robust design with unique top for easy fitting of incoming metal strip/ wire Driving Sleeves/ Driving heads provided for quicker and safe hammering/ drilling

Thickness Length Thread Size Approx. Weight17 mm Dia 1200 mm,

2000 mm,3000 mm

M 8 5.5 Kg

25 mm Dia 1200 mm,2000 mm,3000 mm

M 12 12.1 Kg

32 mm Dia 1200 mm,2000 mm,3000 mm

M 16 19.5 Kg

38 mm Dia 1200 mm,2000 mm,3000 mm

M 19 27.5 Kg



BACK FILL COMPOUND

Ground Improving Materials or the Backfill compounds consist of highly conductivenatural materials which enhances the efficiency of the earthing systems. It is useful inareas with high resistivity and frequent fluctuations in moisture content of the soil.Chemically, the compound is hygroscopic in nature and retains moisture.

The Backfill compound is non toxic, non explosive, non corrosive, non reactive,thermally stable and swells considerably. Bonding resins added to the compound keepsthe soil around the earthrod intact and helps in retaining moisture

Advantages of Back Fill Compound

1. Maintains moisture near the influence of the earthrod.2. Provides protection to the earthrod by acting as a barrier to corrosive elements.3. Enhances soil conductivity as it contains added metal powders.

Back Fill Compound Technical Data Sheet

Product Name: Ground Improving Material/ Backfill Compound (BFC)

General Description:

Highly swelling Bentonite based specially formulated compound. Used to create low resistivity in and around the earth pit as desired. Provides better conductivity and moisture retaining capacity and free from any toxic

material and hence safe to use as aquifers. The greatest advantage of this material is that it eliminates the use of charcoal and

salt and does not shrink or crack with time.



Product Features:

Based upon highly swelling bentonite Swells up to 20% of its volume Low Seepage rate High moisture retaining capacity High conducting property Non corrosive Non Toxic

Technical Specification:

Colour: Light Grey Swelling Volume: 28 ml per 100 ml Dispersion rate: High Plate water absorption: 555% pH: 7-9 Moisture content: 10-11 %

Chemical Analysis:

Silica as SiO: 28 %- 43 % Alumina as Al2O3: 18 %- 32 % Iron as Fe2O3: 4 %- 11 % Calcium as CaO: 1 %- 3 % Carbon as C: 10 %- 14 % Copper as Cu: 3 %- 5 %

Note: The property of GIM largely depends on quality of water used. In hard water,properties may differ.



BACKFILL COMPOUND

NEPA HAZARD RATING

4 Extreme

3 High

2 Moderate

1 Slight

0 Insignificant

1. Identification of the substance

Product Name: Ground Improving Material/ Back Fill Compound

Product Code: GIM/BFC

Nature of material: Granular Solid

2. Composition/ Information on Ingredients

Ingredients:

- Bentonite- Hydrous Aluminium Silicates- Graphite- Conducting metal powders- Bonding Resins

Note: Ground Improving material is enhanced, activates and chemically modifiedhomogenous mixture based upon Bentonite and is made suitable for earthing purpose inorder to increase the effectiveness of the earthing system.



3. Hazards Identification

Main Hazards: No Significant hazard

Minor Hazards: Combustible. Exposure limits (Dust): 10 mg/ m3 total dust; 4 mg/ m3repairable dust

4. Exposure symptoms, first aid measures and remedies and Exposure control/Personal protection

Body Part Symptoms Remedy Precautionarymeasures

Skin contact There may bemild irritationat the site ofcontact

Wash the affected area using a mildantiseptic detergent soap.

Wear protectiveclothing withelasticized cuffsand closed neckwhile handling thematerial.

Eye contact There may beirritation andredness.

Wash the eye with running water for 5minutes. Consult a doctor immediatelyif problem persists.

Encourage use ofSafety glasses withside shields.

Ingestion It is unlikely thatthis substancewill beswallowed dueto its physicalproperties.

Inhalation There may beirritation of thethroat with afeeling oftightness in thechest.

Remove the casualty from exposure,ensuring one’s own safety while doingso.

Do not createdust.use mask or otherprotective devicewith particle filter.

Occupationalexposure limitsTWA (8 Hourexposure limit): 4mg/m3 Res DustSTEL (15 minexposure limit): 4mg/m3 Res Dust



5. Handling and storage

Handling requirements: Do not use hook or any sharp object to handle. Use gloves andmask while handling.

Storage conditions: Ensure sufficient ventilation of the storage area. Avoid theformation or spread of dust in the air. Store in cool, well ventilated area.

Environmental precautions: Do not discharge into drains or rivers.

6. Physical properties

State: Solid powder 75 mesh

Colour: Light Grey

Odour: Odourless

Solubility in water: Insoluble

Viscosity: Non-viscous

Relative density: 1890-1990 kg/m3

7. Stability and reactivity

Stability: Stable under normal conditions.

Conditions to avoid: Sources of ignition.

Materials to avoid: Strong oxidizing agents.

Hazardous decomposed products: In case of combustion, emits toxic fumes of carbondioxide/ carbon monoxide.

8. Ecological Information:

Mobility: Non-volatile. Insoluble in water Heavier than water

Persistence and degradability: No data available

Bio accumulative potential: No data available

Persistence and degradability: No data

Other hazards: Negligible eco toxicity

Legal Disclaimer: The above information is believed to be correct but does not purportto be inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. We shall not be held liable for anydamages resulting from handling or from contact with the above product.



Comparative study of Salt and Charcoal used in Conventional Earthing againstBackfill Compound used in Advance Maintenance Free Chemical Earthing

SALT AND CHARCOAL BACK FILL COMPOUND

Salt along with Moisture is a highly corrosivemixture and reduces the life of the electrodeconsiderably.

We use naturally occuring substances whichdo not corrode the electrode inspite ofmoisture.

Needs constant moisture recharge fornormal functioning.

The substance is hygroscopic, holds water upto 2 times its’ own weight. Hence eliminateswater recharge to a great extent.

Salt gets washed away with addition ofsurplus moisture, thus reduces theeffectiveness of the system.

Forms a gel, which acts as a barrier toprevent additives from being washed away,hence maintains the effectiveness of thesystem.

The mixture contains air gaps when pouredin the pit for installation and have looseformation thus leading to low conductivity.

The compound swells to the extent of 23%of its’ volume and eliminates air gaps.

Frequent maintenance in terms of wateraddition and salt addition is required.

There is no maintenance required in termsof additives. Compound retains moistureand required lesser water recharge.

The salt percolates into ground due to highwater solubility.

It provides a sheathing effect around theelectrode due to gel formation ability anddoes not get dispersed in ground.

Efficiency is not maintained over a longperiod of time.

Back Fill Compound maintains constantefficiency for life time of the earthing.

Salt and Charcoal can easily react with otherchemicals dissolved in soil leading tocorrosion.

Bentonite, used in compound is non toxic,non reactive, non explosive and noncorrosive, thermally stable.

Comparative study of Conventional Earthing against Pipe type AdvanceMaintenance Free Chemical Earthing



TRADITIONAL EARTHING SYSTEM PIPE TYPE ADVANCE MAINTENANCE FREECHEMICAL EARTHING SYSTEM

Only one C.I/ G.I. pipe of particular diameteris used.

There are two pipes, one inside another. i.e.Pipe in Pipe technology.

The earth electrode is in direct contact withthe soil, thus gets rusted in few years.

Here the inner pipe is sorrounded by noncorrosive, highly conductive material. Herethe life of the rod is enhanced as it is not in

direct contact with soil.

Liable to faster corrosion and hence lesserconductivity.

Scientifically designed to make it corrosionresistant and highly conductive.

Fluctuations of Ohmic value results infrequent maintenance of gadgets/ machines

and may endanger human life too.

It has been proved at many sites that ohmicvalues of PIP remains constant.

Distribution of fault current is lesser due toheterogenous mixture of salt and charcoal,which also differs from pit to pit. Thereforeit generates high potential at the pit which

results in low fault current in comparison torequired tripping circuit of fault protection.

Since electrode is sorrounded by highlyconductive and homogenous material,

charge dissipation through the electrode isvery high and the current density across theelectrode is very low, resulting in very high

fault current, sufficient to trip the faultrelays.

Galvanization is not adequate as normalwater pipes are used.

Coating whether copper or galvanization is250 microns.



Need to be changed frequently. Practically no need to change due to longshell life of 15 years.

The corrosion leads to high resistances, onegets high ohmic values.

There is not much variation in Ohmic valuesdue to very less corrosion over the period of

time.

Salt used will be washed away in rainyseasons and will result in high ohmic values.

The Back fill compound is not soluble inwater and it becomes the part of soil around

the electrode.

It requires a larger space and time to installthe earthing electrode.

It requires less space, time and cost to installthe earthing electrode.

The technology is outdated and does notprovide additional benefits.

The technology is modern and comes atcompetitive costs.

Wall Thickness of the pipe varies as ordinarywater pipes are used.

Wall thickess of 3.2 mm or 3.6 mm providesadequate mechanical strength during the

time of fault current.

There is no standardization as the materialused are of varying nature and properties.

The cross section area is more thansufficient, and the wall thickness ensures

fault current is carried even after outer pipecorrodes.



Excerpts from IS: 3043

3043: 1987 Description Our Comments8.1 The resistance to earth of a given electrode

depends upon the electrical resistivity of thesoil in which it is installed. This factor istherefore important in deciding which ofmany protective systems to adopt. Whilethe fundamental nature and properties of asoil in a given area cannot be changed, usecan be made of purely local conditions inchoosing suitable electrode sites andmethod of preparing the site selected tosecure optimum resistivity.

We advise and recommendsoil testing prior to earthingfinalization to use the soilconditions to best of meansto get optimum resistivity.

8.1.1 Earth conductivity is, however essentiallyelectrolytic in nature and is affected by themoisture content of the soil and by thechemical composition and concentration ofsalts dissolved in the contained water. Grainsize and distribution, and closeness ofpacking are also contributory factors sincethey control the manner in which themoisture is held in soil.

Our BACK FILL COMPOUNDmaintains adequatemoisture percentage andtakes care of all theseaspects and astonishinglyprovides very goodconductivity.

8.3 A site should be chosen that is not naturallywell drained. A water logged situation is nothowever, essential unless the soil is sands orgravels as in general no advantage resultfrom an increase in moisture content aboveabout 20 %. The abundance of water willnot provide the soil with additionalconductivity. The value of high moisture inthe soil will increase solubility of naturalelements which are artificially introduced toimprove soil conductivity.

The even mixture of ourBACK FILL COMPOUNDmaintains adequatemoisture and takes care ofall these aspects.

8.5 If a greater degree of permanence isenvisaged, earth electrodes packed inmaterial such as BENTONITE are preferable.Bentonites or similar material may be usedto advantage rocky terrain. Where holes arebored for insertion of vertical electrodes orwhere strip electrodes are laid radicallyunder shallow areas of low resistivityoverlaying rocky strata, Bentonite packingwill increase the contact efficiency with thegeneral mass of ground.

We provide enhanced, pHbalanced and chemicallyactivated BENTONITEmodified for groundingpurpose, as back fillcompound with ourelectrode.

8.6 At above 20 % moisture the resistivity isvery little affected while below 20 % , the

Our back fill compound isHighly hygroscopic in



resistivity increases very abruptly. Thenormal moisture content of soils range from10 % in dry seasons to 35 % in wet seasonsand an approximate average may beperhaps 16-18 %.

nature and has a capacity toretain moisture up to 20times of its volume. Due tothis property the moisture% is maintained during dryseasons.

8.8.1 Approximately 90 % of the resistancebetween a driven rod and earth lies within aradius of about 2 meters from the rod. Thisshould be kept in mind when applying theagents for artificial treatment.

Our back fill compoundsfilled in vicinity if earthingrods is highly conductive innature and that helps inlowering earth resistivity.

8.8.3 The artificial treatment may be effectiveover a period of many years. However it isrecommended that annual or bi-annualmeasurements of earth resistivity should bemade.

We wholly support this andbase our earthing systemon this fact.

9.1.1 To obtain a low overall resistance thecurrent density should be as low as possiblein the medium adjacent to the electrodewhich should be so designed as to cause thecurrent density to decrease rapidly withdistance from the electrode. Thisrequirement is made by making thedimension in one direction large comparedwith those in the other two. Thus a pipe ora rod has much lower resistance comparedthan a plate of equal surface area.

Our earthing system isconstructed out withcompliance to dimensionsspecified in INDIANSTANDARDS for bestpossible results.

9.2.1 The use of coke breeze as an infillcompound is not recommended. It mayresult in rapid corrosion not only ofelectrode but also cable sheaths which maybe bonded.

We have eliminated the useof charcoal/ coke and salt.

9.2.1 It is apparent that the resistance diminishesrapidly with the first few feet of driving,but less so at depths greater than 2 to 3meter in soil of uniform resistivity.

We provide electrodes if 3Meter length to fulfil this.

9.2.1 Pipes may be of Cast Iron of not less than100 mm diameter, 2.5 to 3 meter long and13 mm thick. Such pipes cannot be drivensatisfactorily and may, therefore be moreexpensive to install than plates for the sameeffective area. Alternatively, mild steelwater-pipes of 38 to 50 mm diameter areemployed.

We use from 38 mm dia to50 mm dia pipe as perrequirements set by INDIANSTANDARDS 3043:1983.

9.2.1 The current loading capacity of 1.2 m x 1.2m plate is of the order of 1600 A for 2Seconds and 1300 A for 3 Seconds.

Our 50 mm diameter modelis tested for 20 KA for 1second for short current



and 50 KA peak.9.3 Although electrode material does not affect

initial earth resistance, care should be takento select a material that is resistance tocorrosion in the type of soil in which it willbe used.

We use different types ofHEAVY COATED pipes. Thuslife of our system exceedsmore than 10 years innormal soil conditions.

10.3 Long duration loading due to normalunbalance of the system will not causefailure of earth electrode provided that thecurrent density at the electrode surfacedoes not exceed 40 A/mm2 limitation tovalues below this would generally be causedby the necessity to secure a low resistanceearth.

We recommend earthingsystem of appropriatecapacity, diameter andsurface area as perapplication.



Installation Procedure

Trench Installation:

1. Premix GIM/BFC into a slurry form. Use 5-7 Litres of clean potable water per bag ofGIM. Use a cement mixer or mix in a mining box or a wheelbarrow. Do not mix GIMwith hard water.

2. Spread out enough GIM to uniformly cover bottom of trench-about 1 inch deep.3. Place conductor on top of GIM. (See note 1)4. Spread more GIM on top of the conductor to completely cover conductor- about 1

inch deep. Allow GIM to harden. Wait for 30 minutes to one hour before filling thetrench with soil backfill.

5. Carefully cover the GIM with soil to a depth of about 4 inches, making sure not toexpose the conductor.

6. Tamp down the soil, and then fill in the trench.

Note 1: Wait for the GIM to harden, about 15-20 minutes, before placing the conductoron the top of the GIM. You must apply 4 inches of insulating material to the conductorsand ground rods exiting the GIM, starting 2 inches inside the GIM.

Note 2: Excess standing water must be removed from trench.

Ground Rod Backfill Installation:

1. Auger a 5 Inch diameter hole with appropriate length (depending on length ofground rod. Auger at least 6 inches more than the length of the rod).

2. Place ground rod into augered hole. The top of the ground rod must beapproximately 6 inches below ground level. At this moment, make any connectionsto the ground rod, whether exothermic connection or using simple nut-bolts.

3. Premix GIM/BFC into a slurry form. Use 5-7 Litres of clean potable water per bag ofGIM. Use a cement mixer or mix in a mining box or a wheelbarrow. Do not mix GIMwith hard water.

4. Pour the appropriate amount of GIM around the ground rod. To ensure the GIMmaterial completely fills the hole, tamp around the ground rod with a pole or a stick.Wait for about 30 minutes before filling the hole with soil backfill.

5. Fill remainder of the augered hole with soil removed during auguring.6. Make sure the pit remains watered for first few days or a week.



FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Why is the pricing high for Chemical Earthing?

A section of iron pipe driven into the ground with a wire conductor connected from the pipeto the electrical circuit will not always give a suitable low resistance path for electric currentto protect personnel and equipment. Our pipe technology has been developed after adecade of experience and effort to match the present day of electric / electronicenvironment. It gives very low earth resistance value to match the sensitive electronicequipment, unlike the conventional system. It gives the customer the value for money asour system is corrosion resistant, maintenance free and lasts over years. A cost comparisonshows that over a period of 15 plus years, the maintenance cost of a conventional systemwill be three times more than the one time cost of our Electrode Earthing System. We haveproven track record that ours is a more superior alternative to the conventional GI PipeEarthing and Plate Earthing. Considering all these aspects, the cost is not at all high, in fact ifit is compared to conventional methods of earthing.

Why ISI marking is not on the product?

Except for the mild steel pipes used in the manufacturing process, there is no BIS mark forany Chemical Maintenance Free Earthing electrodes. We follow the Code of Practice forEarthing as stipulated by INDIAN STANDARD in IS 3043 - 1987. However we use ISI markedMS pipes for making of earthing electrodes.

What material you are using inside the Earthing pipe and in backfill compound material?

We fill crystalline conductive mixture inside the electrode, the ingredients of which are highconductive and corrosion resistant minerals. The backfill compound, which is hygroscopic bynature, consists of a mixture of minerals and soil friendly chemicals. Laboratory tests haveshown that it can retain moisture 25 times its dry volume and enhance the area ofconductivity around the electrode.

What shall be the earth resistance value?

Please bear in mind that soil differs from place to place even in a small area. The type of soildetermines the resistivity. Therefore, the earth resistance value of any given Earthingelectrode will depend upon the soil resistivity of the area where the electrode is installed.The advantage of our electrode is that if the conventional Earthing shows a value of 3 ohms,ours will show a much lower value, and the value will come down over a period of threeweeks, by which time the system sets itself.



How long will it take to install this earthing?

This new method of earthing is very simple and fast to install compared to conventionalearthing. Our service team is capable enough to install 8-10 earthing electrodes in a singleday.

Why don’t we get lower resistance values?

Refer to the section, factors affecting soil resistivity. Soil conditions vary from place to placeand depend on climatic factors, constitution of the soil and the contamination. One needs totake precaution while installing earthing pipes/ rods. Back fill compound must be poured inform of slurry in the earth pits. In case of rocky terrains, construction site with debris andother contaminated site, it is recommended to conduct a soil resistivity test before derivingthe proper earthing system. It is also recommended to dig deep in such soil conditions tolower the resistivity.

Why we install such heavy electrodes when earthing can be done by thinner wire also?

Soil corrodes the metal parts. A thin wire will get corroded easily in a span of few weeks.Secondly, the wire or a thin metallic rod is capable to withstand the high fault current. Werecommend the thickness of the earthing electrode based on the calculations of the faultcurrent.



Sarvayogam Corp15 GHB Colony, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad

P: +91-9825316469 I E: [email protected] I W: sarvayogamcorp.wordpress.com

Our Team

Mr. Shrikant Iyer

(Proprietor)

M: +91-9825316469

Mr. N. Venkatraman Iyer

M: +91-9825306469

(Sales & Marketing)

Mr. Narayan Das

(Sales & Marketing- Goa)

Mr. Adarsh Awasthi

(Sales & Marketing- Mumbai & Maharashtra)



sarvayogamcorp - 3.imimg.comul: 467. our products are tested & certified by erda, vadodara which...

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