Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 1

بسم اهلل الرمحن الرحيم

احلمد هلل رب العاملني وصلى اهلل وسلم وبارك على نبينا حممد وعلى آله وصحبه أمجعني, أما بعد

Our teacher began with praising Allaah and sending salaat and salaam on the Messenger of

Allaah, his family, companions and followers until the Last Day and began:

CONTINUATION OF CHAPTER ONE

Chapter One is a principle (pattern followed) in three types of Verbs:

1- Whenever the ‘ع’ is a ‘ و’

2- Whenever the ‘ل’ is a ‘ و’

The Laam here is the third Original letter (The Laam of the Word)

Example of the second type:

We are supposed to match these root letters with ف عل – يفعل, because it is of Chapter

One and it goes according to the principle “Whenever the ‘ ل’ is a ‘ و’ ”

USING THE SCALE TO WIEGH THE ROOT LETTERS

Chapter One, using the second type of Verbs which are taken as a principle to this Chapter:

‘Whenever the ‘ ’ is a ‘ل ’’و

As-Sarf (Morphology) ~ Class Nine

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 2

The Maadh, which is on the scale of ف عل

The past verb

د.ع.و

1st: We bring the First Original Letter the ‘ د’ and place it over the ‘ ف’, and give it the

same harakah as the ‘ ف’, which is a fathah ‘ د’.

2nd

: We bring the Second Original Letter the ‘ ع’ and place it over the ‘ع’ (‘ayn of the

word), and give it the same harakah as the ‘ ع’, which is a fathah ‘ ع’.

3rd

: We bring the Third Original Letter the ‘ و’ and place it over the ‘ ل’, and give it the

same harakah as the ‘ ل’, which is a fathah ‘ و’.

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 3

ب.د.و

1st: We bring the First Original Letter the ‘ ب’ and place it over the ‘ ف’, and give it the

same harakah as the ‘ ف’, which is a fathah ‘ ب’.

2nd

: We bring the Second Original Letter the ‘ د’ and place it over the ‘ ع’, and give it the

same harakah as the ‘ ’, which is a fathah ‘ ع .’د

3rd

: We bring the Third Original Letter the ‘ و’ and place it over the ‘ ل’, and give it the

same harakah as the ‘ ل’, which is a fathah ‘ و’.

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We do the same with the following root letters:

ب.ل.و

ت.ل.و

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ر.ج.و

ج.ل.و

ح.ب.و

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 6

د.ن.و

ق.س.و

We notice that the third original letter is a Waaw is in all the given root letters.

There is something peculiar about these Verbs according to a General

Principle Ustaadh حفظه هللا gave us, which says:

In the example mentioned above, we see that in all the Verbs the Laam of the word is a ‘ و’

with a harakah (a fathah) and it is preceded by a letter that has a Fathah, this means that we

can apply this General Principle in all the Verbs, by turning the ‘و’ into an ‘ ا’.

GENERAL PRINCIPLE -: “If the ‘و’ or the ‘ي’ had a Harakah (i.e. Fathah, Kasrah, or

Dhammah) and the letter before had a Fathah, we turn the ‘و’ or the ‘ي’ into an ‘ ا’ ”

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This is what the Arabs do to every Verb of this kind.

He called/ invoked

As وتعالى هللا سبحانه said:

ومن أحسن ق ولا ممن دعا إل الله وعمل صاحلاا وقال إنن من المسلمني And who is better in speech than he who [says: “My Lord is Allah (believes in His

Oneness),” and then stands straight (acts upon His Order), and] invites (men) to Allah’s

(Islamic Monotheism), and does righteous deeds, and says: “I am one of the Muslims.”

[41:33]

It appeared

As هللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

يعاا ومث له معه لف تدوا به من سوء ولو أن للذين ظلموا ما ف الرض مج العذاب ي وم القيامة وبدا ل م ممن الله ما م يوونوا حتسبون

And those who did wrong (the polytheists and disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah), if they

had all that is in earth and therewith as much again, they verily, would offer it to ransom

themselves therewith on the Day of Resurrection from the evil torment, and there will become

apparent to them from Allah, what they had not been reckoning.

[39:47]

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He tested

He recited/ read

It can also mean: He followed

As هللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

والقمر إذا تلهاAnd by the moon as it follows it (the sun);

[91:2]

He hoped

It cleared out

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He crawled

He/it came closer

As هللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

ث دنا ف تدلى

Then he [Jibrael (Gabriel)] approached and came closer, [53:8]

He/it became hard/harsh

You can use it literally or metaphorically

As هللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

ف لول إذ جاءهم بأسنا تضرعوا ولىون قست ق لوب هم وزين لم الشيطان ما كانوا ي عملون

When Our Torment reached them, why then did they not believe with humility? But their

hearts becamehardened, and Shaitan (Satan) made fair-seeming to them that which they used

to do. [6:43]

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The Mudaari’, which is on the scale of يفعل

The Present Verb

د.ع.و

1st: We bring the ‘ي’ in the beginning, which is one of the letters of the Mudaari’.

2nd

: We give it a fathah ‘ ي’.

3rd

: We bring the First Original Letter the ‘د’ and place it over the ‘ف’ (faa of the word), and

because the ‘ف’ is silence (doesn’t have any harakah) we silence the ‘daal’ يد.

4th

: We bring the Second Original Letter the ‘ ع’ and place it over the ‘ ع’ (‘ayn of the

word), and give it the same harakah as the ‘ ع’(‘ayn of the word), which is a dhammah

.يدع ‘

5th

: We bring the Third Original Letter the ‘ و’ and place it over the ‘ل’(laam of the word),

and give it the same harakah as the ‘ ل’, which is a dhammah يدعو.

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 11

ب.د.و

1st: We bring the ‘ ي’ in the beginning, which is one of the letters of the Mudaari’.

2nd

: We give it a fathah ‘ ي’.

3rd

: We bring the First Original Letter the ‘ ب’ and place it over the ‘ف’(faa of the word),

and because the ‘ ف’ is silence (doesn’t have any harakah) we silence the ي ب.

4th: We bring the Second Original Letter the ‘ د’ and place it over the ‘ ع’ (‘ayn of the word), and

give it the same harakah as the ‘ ع’, which is a dhammah ‘ يبد.

5th: We bring the Third Original Letter the ‘ و’ and place it over the ‘ ل’ (laam of the word), and

give it the same harakah as the ‘ ل’, which is a dhammah ييدو.

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We do the same with the following root letters:

This because there is a Principle which covers them all.

That is why Principles are important whether you have it here or in any other Science,

you are relaxed and see things unlike others.

As they say: اجلنون ف نون , which means: Insanity is of many colours.

ب.ل.و

ت.ل.و

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ر.ج.و

ج.ل.و

ح.ب.و

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د.ن.و

ق.س.و

Here we notice that the ‘ و’ has a Dhammah, and the Dhammah is heavy on the Waaw and

this causes heaviness in Speech, and we know by the Mother Principle that: “Arabs Seek

Lightness in Speech.”

There is a Principle that says: “The Dhammah is heavy on the ‘ و’ so it is moved to the

letter before IF it is Vacant (from any Harakah).”

“IF you can’t Move Remove.”

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This means that the first thing we try to do is to look to the letter before and see if it is vacant

from any Harakah so that we can Move the Dhammah on the ‘ ’ to it. In this case it isn’t, so وthat means Remove.

We can’t do the same like with: ي قول , ي زول, ي بول, ي توب.

We simply remove the Dhammah.

The bring the meaning of the Mudaari’ from its Maadh.

Why do we bring the Waaw back in the Mudaari’ and we do not keep the Alif that we

turned in the Maadh from the Waaw? This because we are forming the Mudaari’ from

the Original letters of the Maadh. The reason why we do not turn the Waaw into an

Alif in the Mudaari’ is because although the Waaw has a harakah, but the letter before

it doesn’t have a Fathah for it to be turned into an Alif, so the Principle of turning the

Waaw into an Alif doesn’t apply here.

Sukoon = No Harakah

He calls/ invokes

As هللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

ومن أضل من يدعو من دون الله من ل يستجيب له إلى ي وم القيامة وهم عن دعائهم غافلون

And who is more astray than one who calls (invokes) besides Allah, such as will not answer

him till the Day of Resurrection, and who are (even) unaware of their calls (invocations) to

them? [46:5]

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It appears

He tests

He recites/ reads

He follows

As هللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

لونه حق تلوته أولىئك ي ؤمنون به ناهم الوتاب ي ت ومن يوفر به الذين آت ي فأولىئك هم الاسر ون

Those (who embraced Islam from Bani Israel) to whom We gave the Book [the Taurat

(Torah)] [orthose (Muhammad’s Peace be upon him companions) to whom We have given

the Book (the Quran)]recite it (i.e. obey its orders and follow its teachings) as it should be

recited (i.e. followed), they are the ones that believe therein. And whoso disbelieves in it (the

Quran), those are they who are the losers. (Tafsir Al-Qurtubi. Vol. 2, Page 95).

[2:121]

He hopes

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 17

Asهللا سبحانه وتعالى said:

وم إلىه واحد فمن كان ي رجو ا إلى ا أنا بشر ممث لوم يوحىى إل أن قل إن لقاء ربمه ف لي عمل عملا صاحلاا ول يشرك بعبادة ربمه أحدا ا

Say (O Muhammad SAW): “I am only a man like you. It has been inspired to me that your

Ilah (God) is One Ilah (God i.e. Allah). So whoever hopes for the Meeting with his Lord, let

him work righteousness and associate none as a partner in the worship of his Lord.”

[18:110]

The Meeting includes the Seeing

It clears out

He crawls

He/it comes close

He/it becomes hard/harsh

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HOMEWORK

Bring the following Root letters on the scale of ف عل – يفعل (Chapter One), and apply

the Principles given.

Example:

Establishing The Principles | Ustaad Fahd At-Tahiriyy | As-Sarf 19

Exercise:

خ.ل.و

س.ط.و

ص.ب.و

ع.د.و

غ.د.و

ن.ب.و غ.ل.و

ق.ف.و

خ.ط.و

~~~ END OF CLASS ~~~

Notes transcribed by: Umm Sufyaan Al Maghribiyyah