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The SAP Exchange Infrastructure consists of the following components:

1.      System Landscape Directory

2.      Integration Repository

3.      Integration Directory

4.      Integration Server

5.      Integration Adapters

6.      Integration Clients

Applications need the following proxy components to use the SAP Exchange Infrastructure directly and without adapters.

        -Proxy Framework

        -Proxy Generator

        -Proxy Runtime

Integration Server (IS):

             The Integration Server is the central part of the SAP Exchange Infrastructure. It receives messages from the sender

applications and then applies routing and mapping rules to these messages and finally sends them to the receiving

application. Each SAP Web Application Server has the Integration Server Software built in but it is the specific configuration

that activates its role as a central Integration Server.

Integration Adapters (IA):

             Integration Adapters are used to convert various protocols and data formats into the Integration Servers XML based

message objects and vice versa. The Integration Server comes with some built in adapters but most adapters are additional

components.

Integration Repository (IR):

              The Integration Repository provides collaboration knowledge available at design time, for example, mappings,

interfaces, and components. It is built in Java and follows Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) standards. The information in the

Integration Repository is used by the Integration Directory, which adds configuration-specific information that is needed for

execution.

Integration Directory (ID):

              The Integration Directory contains detailed collaboration knowledge about the current system landscape around the

SAP Integration Server. It is a description of routing rules, active services, executable mappings and the specific system

landscape. The Integration Directory details the information from the Integration Repository that is specific to the

configuration.

The goal of the Integration Directory is for the customer to configure the sender.Once Integration content has been created

in the Integration repository, scenarios are configured in the Integration Directory.

Integration Repository and Directory:                The Integration Repository and Directory require specific Java client software which is stored on the Integration

Server and will be automatically installed on the client side using Java Web Start. This client software can be used during

design time to develop new interfaces and mappings and to configure services, routings and mappings.

On the client side this java application provides the user interface for working with XI Objects. On the server side it offers

services for authentication, lock management, import and export of interface objects, versioning and change management 

System Landscape Directory (SLD):

               The System Landscape Directory is composed of the Component Repository and the Landscape Directory. The

Component Repository includes a description of all SAP Components whereas the Landscape Directory includes a complete

description of the actually installed SAP system landscape.The System Landscape Directory can be accessed using a

standard internet browser.

Proxy Framework:

The Proxy Framework consists of the Proxy Generator and the Proxy Runtime. The Proxy Framework for ABAP (generator

and runtime) is part of the SAP Web Application Server and no specific installation is needed. 

Proxy Generator for Java:The Proxy Generator for Java is used to generate proxies (Java Classes) for application programming. It makes use of the

Integration Repository which contains all interface definitions.

Java Proxy Runtime:

The Proxy Runtime for Java is mandatory for all Java programs to exchange messages with the SAP Integration Server. In

doing so the proxy runtime converts the used java classes into XML messages. These XML messages are sent to the

Integration Server using http protocol.

Integration Server:

The Integration Server can be accessed using the standard SAP GUI frontend.

Icon MeaningElement with more than 1 occurance

Element

Attribute

Icon Colors :

White : Optional attribute or element not assigned

Red : Attribute or element must be assigned to complete the Mapping

Yellow : Attribute or element has already been assigned but the corresponding mapping in the data-flow editor is not

complete

Green: Mapping to target field complete. 

Function Categories:

Arithmetic: add, substract, equalsA, abs, sqrt, sign, sqrt, etc.

Boolean: And, Or, Not, Equals, notEquals, if, ifWithoutElse

Constants: Constant, CopyValue, sender, receiver

Conversions: FixValues, Value mapping

Date: currentDate, DateTrans, DateBefore, DateAfter, CompareDate

Node Functions: createIf, removeContexts, replaceValue, exists,

SplitByValue, collapseContexts

Statistic: sum, average, count

Text: substring, concat, equalsS, indexOf, lastIndexOf, compare, etc.

Mapping Types:

1) Message mapping:

- Graphical Design and test environment

- Queue based model allows handling of very large documents

- Extensible via Java user defined functions

2) XSLT mapping:

- Open standard

- Portable

- Extensible via java user defined functions

- Memory overhead for very large documents

3) JAVA mapping:

- Flexibility of java programming language

- Java mapping program is responsible for parsing/rendering XML

4) ABAP mapping:

-Leverage existing ABAP base

- ABAP mapping program is responsible for parsing/rendering XML

What is global container and where we use it?

Global Container enables you to cache the values that you want to read again when you next call any user-defined function

in the same message mapping. Note that the sequence in which user-defined functions are called is predefined. It depends

on the position of the target fields that the function was assigned to.

What is alert?  

Alerting is a function of Runtime Workbench along with Message archiving, End-to-end monitoring, Performance Monitoring,

Cache monitoring.

Through Runtime Workbench we can access alert inbox, alert configuration.

In Process Integration with Central SAP Monitoring Infrastructure, we Drill down to individual process steps and Use SAP

Web AS Alert Framework.

Transaction ALRTCATDEF.

Alert Inbox:

The alert inbox is user-specific and displays all the alerts for each alert server that have been generated based on the alert

configuration.

An alert can be delivered to you by e-mail, fax, or SMS. In each case, you will also find the alert in your alert inbox,

irrespective of the delivery method.

Transaction ALRTINBOX.

Activities

You can execute the following activities in your alert inbox:

-        Confirm alerts and start a follow-up action

         Confirmed alerts disappear from the inbox. You can also confirm alerts by e-mail, fax, or SMS. This also causes them

to disappear from your alert inbox.

-        Forward alerts to another user

-        Refresh the alert display

-        Subscribe or unsubscribe to the alert categories that you are permitted to use, in order to receive or not receive the

corresponding alerts.

-        Personalize alert delivery to meet your requirements

         You can choose the type of delivery you want to use and a representative.

Transaction Codes For SAP XI:

1.SXMB_IFR -> Start Integration Builder

2.SXMB_MONI -> Integration Engine - Monitoring

3.SXMB_ADM -> Integration Engine - Administration

4.SXMB_MONI_BPE -> Process Engine - Monitoring

5.SXI_MONITOR -> XI: Message Monitoring

6.SXI_CACHE -> To Access IS runtime cache

7.IDX1-> Port Maintenance in IDoc Adapter

8.IDX2-> Meta Data Overview in IDoc Adapter

9.IDX5 -> Monitor IDoc Adapter

10.IDXP - > to monitor the message packages.

11.IDXPW - > to activate the IDOC message package

12.SMQ1-> qRFC Monitor (Outbound Queue)

13.SMQ2-> qRFC Monitor (Inbound Queue)

14.SMQR - > to register the queue

15.SMQS - > to register the destination in QOUT scheduler

16.ST03 -> workload.

17.ST06 -> stato della macchina cpu memory filesystem machine status - cpu,

18.ST22 -> dump abap (analisi di eccezioni)

19.SCC4 -> visualizza mandanti del sistema

20.SALE - ale settings

21.RZ10 - edit system profile

22.RZ70-> SLD Administration

23.SU01 -> users maintenance

24.AL08 -> list all logged users(user login logon)

25.SE01 -> manage change requests

26.SE09 -> Change Request

27.SE10 -> Change Request

28.SE11 -> ABAP Data dictionary

29.SE16-> Data Browser

30.SE24-> Class Builder

31.SE37 -> mantain funcion modules

32.SE38 -> ABAP Editor

33.SE80 -> Object Navigator

34.SE93-> Maintain Transaction Codes

35.SICF -> http server configuration

36.SMGW -> trace, alzare livello di trace.

37.PFCG -> Roles

38.TSTC -> SAP transactions codes table

39.TSTCT -> transaction descriptions table

40.STMS -> transports management

41.SPAM -> apply ABAP support packages

42.SPAU -> manage objects after apply support packages

43.SLDCHECK -> Test SLD Connection

44.SLDAPICUST-> SLD API Customizing

45.ST22 -> ABAP dump analysis

46.SPROXY-> ABAP Proxy Generation

47.ABAPDOCU -> ABAP Documentation and Examples

48.SM02-> System Messages

49.SM21 -> Online System Log Analysis (log sistema XI)

50.SM30-> Call View Maintenance

51.SM58-> Asynchronous RFC Error Log

52.SM59-> RFC Destinations (Display/Maintain)

53.SMICM-> ICM Monitor (J2EE administration)

54.BD64 -> mantain distribution model  (modelli di distribuzione)

55.BD87-> Status Monitor for ALE Messages

56.WE02-> Display IDoc

57.WE05-> IDoc Lists

58.WE09-> Search for IDocs by Content

59.WE19-> IDoc Test tool

60.WE20-> Partner Profiles

61.WE21-> Port definition in XI

62.WE60-> Documentation for IDoc types

63.SWXF_PBUILDER -> for Detail BPM Process

64.WEOUTQUEUE - > to start the queue processing

SAP Exchange Infrastructure (SAP XI): XI is open & flexible. It uses web standard such as "web services description

language" (WSDL), "XML Schema Definition Language" (XSD) & "Simple Object access Protocol "(SOAP) Messaging for

describing objects & Communicating with other systems. It runs on the Application Server (SAP WEB APPs). XI is not a

single Component, But rather a collection of components that work together flexibly to implement integration scenario. SAP

XI supports internal company scenarios and cross-company scenarios.

              Exchange Infrastructure can be used as a Middle ware Engine to communicate in a distributed environment. The

heart of XI is Integration Engine that is used for integrating different technologies using Standard Messaging techniques e.g

XML. Different mapping tools are available for mapping the distributed system which can be mapped without having any

expertise of Technical Details. As a real world example, XI can be helpful in integrating different banks with SAP R/3. XI

Engine also support previous releases of SAP R/3 like 4.6C and have many more adapters to communicate with legacy

systems.

 

ADAPTERS:

->Technical Adapter:

File,

HTTP,

SOAP,

JDBC,

Mail,

JMS

->Application Adapters:

   SAP Application Adapters:

RFC

IDoc.

  Non-SAP Application Adapters:

BAAN

Oracle,

Seibel,

People Soft,

QAD MFG/PRO

->Industry Standard Adapters:

CIDX Adapter by SAP

EDI Standard Adapters By SEEBURGER.

SAP applications can communicate with non-SAP applications, At design time, the user defines or uses pre-defined

interface objects for the SAP Integration Repository. These objects include Business Scenarios, Business Processes,

Message Interfaces, Message Types, Data Types, Message Mappings, and Interface Mappings

   It enables to implement cross-system processes. It enables to connect systems from different vendors (non-SAP and SAP)

in different versions and implemented in different programming languages (Java, ABAP, and so on) to each other.

   SAP Exchange Infrastructure is based on an open architecture, uses open standards (in particular those from the XML

and Java environments) and offers those services that are essential in a heterogeneous and complex system landscape:

?     Modeling and design of messages, transformations, and cross-component integration processes

?     Configuration options for managing collaborative processes and message flow

?     Runtime for message and process management

?     Adapter Engine for integrating heterogeneous system components

?     Central monitoring for monitoring message flow and processes.

 The SAP Exchange Infrastructure consists of the following components:

1.      System Landscape Directory,

2.      Integration Builder ( Integration Repository, Integration Directory),

3.      Integration Server,

4.      Central Monitoring

5.      Adapter Engine,

Integration Server: 

               Integration Server is the central part of the SAP Exchange Infrastructure. It receives messages from the sender

applications and then applies routing and mapping rules to these messages and finally sends them to the receiving

application. Each SAP Web Application Server has the Integration Server Software built in but it is the specific configuration

that activates its role as a central Integration Server.

              Integration Server is the runtime component for receiving messages and controlling how these messages are

forwarded. It has the Integration Engine, Business Process Engine and Adapter Engine with it.

The Integration Server contains:

1. Adapter Engine

2. Business Process Engine

3. Integration Engine

Business Process Engine:  Business Process Engine is the runtime component that executes collaborative integration

processes.

 

Integration Engine: Integration Engine is the processing pipeline for all XI messages. All messages are received in the

special XI-SOAP format and processed in the Integration Engine in a consistent way. Central runtime component of the

Integration Server for receiving, processing, and forwarding messages.

         Is used in implementing the message logic and Integeration logic. Message logic receives the message and send the

message to the target system and ensures the factors such as quality of service, acknowledgement. Integeration logic does

the mapping, logical routing and the technical routing. 

Adapter Engine: It is a runtime component that uses adapters to connect external systems and R/3 systems to the

Integration Server by means of RFC calls. The IDoc adapter and the plain HTTP adapter run independently of the Adapter

Engine. The Central Adapter Engine connects the Integration Server to systems (SAP and Non-SAP systems) not based on

Web Application Server v. 6.20 or higher Using various adapters such as IDOC, File, RFC, HTTP, SOAP, etc. Systems

based on Web Application Server v. 6.20 or higher can communicate directly without using adapter with the help of proxy.

     The main use of adapters is to transform the incoming message into Xi-SOAP format, or to transform the XI-SOAP

message into legacy systems format. Since XI can understand only XI-SOAP formatted messages, When a Third-party

System send messages to XI the adapter converts it to XI-SOAP format and sends it to Integration Engine. 

   There are lots of advantages of XI :

* Integration with SAP products & components.

* Iron clad data security as expected from any SAP product.

* Standards based - XML, XSD, XPath etc

* Ability to communicate with other messaging systems/products.

* Business Process Management

* Synchronous & Asynchronous communication

* Leverage existing SAP & ABAP skillset.

* Mapping etc possible to accomplish in Java. Platform independent Java components.

* Java & .Net support*.* 

  Some Questions:

1. why do we use MT?

A. we use message type to describe the message which is going to be sent.

2. Where u use Catch whole queue?

3. What makes an XI object unique?

4. what r the adapters that related to sap r/3?

A. IDoc ,RFC.

5. what r mapping techniques?

6. advantges & disadvantages of BPM?

7. Diference between Adapter & proxies?

8. What is BS, TS?

9. How many components have in xi?

10.What is global container?

11.How many IE are in XI?

12.How many functions r in xi?

13.What is synchronization?where it use?

14.What is idoc? where it use?

15.diference between UDF & Advanced UDF?

16.When we go for File scenario?

17.How many containers r in xi?

18.What is coorelation?when we go for?

19.How many patterns have u done?

20.When u go for BPM?

21.Use of JAVA web start?

22.Components of JAVA  ABAP?

23.Difference between URN/URL?

24.What r the parameters in JDBC adapter?

25.How to configure Alerts?

26.What do u do basically in office?

27.what is the role in ur office?

28.Ur office address?

29. ur TL Name?

30.  ur desk colour?, etc..;

Answers:

1. Message type defines the structure of the message instance.

3. Namespace can make XI objects as unique objects.

4. Idoc, RFC adapters are for SAP R/3.

5. Java mapping , Abap mapping, XSLT mapping and Graphical mapping.

6. advantage: If multiple receiver or senders then it is very easy to handle.

Disadvantage : Because of BPM performace is goes down.

7. Adapter can convert the messages into XML format and send to integration server and Proxy directly sends messages to

Integration server.

8. Business system is Logical system for example a specific client on SAP server, Technical system is physical system for

example SAP server is physical system with multiple clients.

9. SLD, IR, ID, RWB, Integration Server.

10. Global container is used in User defined function, which can be used to cache the value , that can be called in any user

defined function of the message mapping.

11. Integraion server having the one Integration Engine and one Adapter Engine. Integration engine runs on ABAP stack

and Adapter engine runs on Java stack.

12. Standard functions and user defined functions.

15. UDF(simple) : This function type can process individual field input values for each function call. Therefore, simple

functions expect strings as input values and return a string.

Advanced UDF: Advanced user-defined functions can access more than just individual field values. Instead, you can import

a complete context or an entire queue for a field as an array before your function is called. This enables you, for example, to

perform calculations on all field values of a context as well as to divide up the contexts themselves further by inserting a

context change.

Advanced user-defined functions can import either just one context into the input arrays, or complete queues. Make your

selection by selecting or deselecting the Save Entire Queue in Cache checkbox in the function editor.

18. When you need to collect multiple messages in XI ,you need correlation.

Assume that there are 2 systems sending data to XI and Xi needs to collect the messages of the Systems.

System A has sent the message to XI and BPM is waiting for message from System B. Even before System B can send its

message, another message from System A has come in  XI and another BPm is instantitated. Now, when System B sends

the message how do you know which BPM it belongs to?

Correlation as the name implies is used to correalte / connect the message so that they are assigned to the correct process

Instance / BPM.

19.             Integration Scenario Patterns:

1. Synchronous versus Asynchronous Scenario

2. Collection of Messages

3. Split of Messages

4. State full Processing - Integration Process

5. Serialization

20. We use BPM when we need to do:

1.Controling or Monitoring of messages in XI

2. Collect or Merge the messages in XI

3. Split the messages in XI

4. Multicast a Message

5. Need to send an Alert

6. Transformation

when we need to maintain the state of a message we use BPM.

eg. collect messages specific condition like Collect message up to defined no. or up to a specific time of a day.

-> merging of messages and sending as a single message.

->splitting of mesages

->synchronous/asynchronous bridge

21. Java Webstart is a cache applications mainly used to support the fat clients, since our IR and ID are fat clients we need

this Webstart to work on these....now in simple word to define fat clients is that you are working on client and data gets

updated on server.....so Webstart allows you to download all the jar files required to work from the client at once, so you will

notice when you open your IR and ID for the first time in the systems it takes time to open.Reason is it downlaod all the

necssary jar files required to work IR and ID from your system

22. Intergration Server, Business Process Engine are components of ABAP,

Adapter frame work, Mapping engine, ID, IR, and RWB are components of Java.

23. The namespace could be any string that uniquely defines the scope of those determined fields of the XML file. Usually,

you use a URI to define that unique string, and since URLs are the most common URIs, people tend to use plain http URLs

as the namespace (it doesn't need to be a valid url). But using "urn:test" for example isn't wrong.

From the specification:

URI

URI = Uniform Resource Identifier

There are two types of URIs: URLs and URNs

URL

URL = Uniform Resource Locator

<protocol>:// <host> :<port> <path> ? <query>

URN

URN = Uniform Resource Name.

URNs define XML schemas.

urn:<namespace>:<string>

URN: Uniform Resource Name

urn:sap-com:xi:demo (URI with out protocol assignment)

URL: Uniform Resource Locator

http://sap.com/xi

24. Transport Protocol

JBDC 2.0

Message Protocol

? XML SQL format

Table values can be inserted, updated, or deleted in one or more tables. In the database, stored procedures can be called

using transfer parameters. In the case of synchronous queries, results from database queries or return values of stored

procedures can also be transferred.

? Native SQL String

An arbitrary SQL statement is expected as the message content. This statement is transferred unaltered to the database for

processing.Depending on the message protocol you selected, the adapter expects special XML document formats in the

message from the Integration Server or the PCK. For more information about the document formats, see: Document

Formats for the Receiver JDBC Adapter.

Adapter Engine

Select the Adapter Engine on the Integration Server, or select a non-centrally installed Adapter Engine. This selection is not

available in the PCK.

Connection Tab Page

Database Connection

Specify the following to establish the database connection:

Field

Entry

JDBC Driver

Java class of the JDBC driver that the JDBC adapter must load to be able to access the driver. The specification varies

according to the JDBC driver; see material from the respective provider for exact details.

Connection

Address with which you can establish a database connection using the JDBC driver. The specification varies according to

the JDBC driver; see material from the respective provider for exact details.

User Name

User name for logging on to the database.

Password

Password for logging on to the database, including confirmation.

25. Alerts within XI give us a simple way to monitor only those errors that we want and send alert messages to different

people depending on the alert category. You can send alert to alert inbox, mail and even on SMS if your cell phone operator

gives you the possibility of sending an sms through a web service.

At first we have to create an alert category:

   -         go to TCODE - ALRTCATDEF

  -          change mode, define you alert category

  -           define the attributes which you want to receive in the alert.

 -           Add the recivers who will receive thje alerts

 -          save and activate

-           Inside alert configuration define the settings for example: Interface name for which you want to receive the alerts in

your inbox.

 -          save and update abap table