sap ppp ps

8/18/2019 SAP PPP ps

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• The SAP R/3 system consistsof application modules that

support businesstransactions and areintegrated real-time

– Because of integration, a change

in one application module willresult in an automatic update ofthe data in the other applicationmodules in ol ed

! All application modules ha ecommon 2


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architecture and user interface"same #loo$ % feel& andna igation'(


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•Accelerated SAP is a comprehensive solution for the implementation of theR/3 System, comprising a proven methodology, tools and a range of servicesfor the rapid implementation and ongoing optimization of R/3 installations

•It provides a standard implementation ho!"to guide that fills in the gaps ofdiverse methodologies and varying individual implementation s#ills ande$periences%

•It is essential that you create a pro&ect plan !hen starting your ASAPimplementation pro&ect%

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Integration allo!s SAP, as a tool, to support all phases of pro&ect management (ycommunicating !ith sales and distri(ution, materials management and accountingin a real time environment%

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*he Pro&ect System is an integrated solution that helps you perform all of the tas#s ina pro&ect " no matter !hich sector of industry you are active in%It includes the functions you need in all pro&ect phases%

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*he slide sho!s the percentage of SAP PS customers distri(uted among thedifferent industry sectors%

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• Pro&ects are tas#s !ith specific characteristics-• *hey are usually comple$, uni.ue, and involve a high degree of ris#%• *hey have precise targets !hich are agreed (et!een the contractor and

the sold"to party%

• *hey are limited in duration, and are cost and capacity intensive%• Several departments are involved in a pro&ect%• *hey are su(&ect to specific .uality re.uirements%• *hey are of mostly strategic significance for the (usiness carrying them

out%• Pro&ects are usually an integral part of a (usiness s commercial processes%

0efore you can control all the tas#s involved in a pro&ect, you need a pro&ect"specific organization !hich should (e independent of the user departments

involved%

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Project enviorment and constraints

*he definition of pro&ect is not specific to any particular industry and hencecovers different types of plans such as R pro&ects, ma#e to order production,engineering pro&ects, investment plans, maintenance, I* pro&ects etc%

Pro&ects are e$ecuted and act as (alancing (et!een different demands and(ottlenec#s li#e availa(ility of limited resources, costs frame!or# has (eenpredefined% 4ence pro&ects can involve a high degree of ris# for a company (ecausecosts are generally high and completion of pro&ects are not guaranteed%

Currencies in the Project System

5hile handling international pro&ects for multinational companies, day"to"day (usiness transactions occur in different currencies and thereforeplanning, (udgeting and e$ecution also to (e considered !ith the usage ofdifferent currencies%

Pro&ect system manages three different currencies in parallel for all currency"dependent data-

• 6ontrolling area currency 7consistent !ithin a pro&ect, (ased on the controllingarea in the pro&ect definition8

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• :(&ect currency 7local currency of the respective company code8• *ransaction currency 7currency of the (usiness transaction8

*o convert and save the amount in all three currencies in the data(ase, ;Allcurrencies< indicator in the controlling area should (e set%

Reports can (e generated in any other currencies that are in the (usinessinformation system other than the mentioned a(ove also%


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• Pro&ects have follo!ing characteristics-• 4ierarchy of pro&ect parts = Pro&ects are given an appropriate structure

for (etter controlling and monitoring purposes%• Planning and controlling = pro&ects provide (etter control to plan and

control of costs, resources, (udget, dates and payments%• 6ross department = >any departments li#e sales and distri(ution,

Accounting, Purchasing and Production !or# on a common pro&ect%• 6omple$ and uni.ue = ?ach Pro&ect is uni.ue in its o!n !ay for

e$ample, application, customer, design etc%

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• *he pro&ect itself comprises several phases% 5hile planning and coordinatinglarge and comple$ pro&ects, a high degree of precision is re.uired% or

pro&ect flo! planning, one !ill do the follo!ings-• Schedule deadlines•

Schedule dates• Resources availa(ility• Allocation of funds%

• PS module helps in all these phases of the pro&ects• *he various phases depicted a(ove represent an ideal pro&ect flo!% In your o!n

specific pro&ect, you can omit certain phases, overlap phases !ith otherphases, or allo! certain phases to run in parallel to each other%

• uring the initial phase of the pro&ect, o(&ects must (e specified and defined

li#e, specific dates and defined resources and must (e availa(le and financingmust (e provided%

• A pro&ect is structured according to vie! points !hich are structure and process%

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Project Definition: *he pro&ect definition contains information, such as pro&ectname, pro&ect num(er, start and finish dates and organizational information, thatis (inding for the entire pro&ect% A pro&ect definition is re.uired for all pro&ects%Work Breakdown Structure Element (WBS Element): 50S elements descri(ethe components/tas#s of the pro&ect to (e accomplished% *hey can (e used for

(asic scheduling, cost planning, cost (udgeting, and cost collection%Project Planning: Pro&ect planning is performed from the B(ottom upC% Plannedcosts roll up from the lo!est level 50S element% Pro&ect cost planning can (eperformed at the cost element level or 50S element level%

Project Budgeting: *he (udget assures fiscal control and accounta(ility for pro&ectspending% *he (udget is distri(uted from the Btop do!nC% Pro&ect (udgeting is

performed at the 50S element level%

Networks - *he steps in pro&ect planning are determining !hat activitiesare re.uired, their durations, their relationships, and resource availa(ility%

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Milestones: >ilestones are events of particular significance, and/or trigger pre"defined functions, such as (illing% >ilestones are used to indicate, or mar#, pointsof transition from one phase of the pro&ect to the ne$t%

Standard Project: ?$% A company may !ant to create a standard pro&ect for eachtype of pro&ect they have%

Standard Project Definition: It is the frame!or# for all the components 750Selements8 that are created !ithin the standard pro&ect%

Standard Work Breakdown Structure: Planning, (udgeting, and cost collectioncannot (e performed on a standard !or# (rea#do!n structure

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Investment pro&ect e$ample- Pro&ects !hich are e$ecuted (y companies !hich doesnot have revenue involved% 6ost related aspects are more important as the pro&ect

is e$ecuted%

ollo!ing important steps are carried out during the e$ecution-

6reate 50S structure, plan 0asic dates and costs manually0udget the 50S elements and enter actual dates assignvarious documents%

6alculate overhead head costs and carry out settlement as periodend closing procedure%

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*he Pro&ect System offers various !ays of planning dates%

!Set of Dates - or planned dates, !e can use 0asic ates and orecast datesand Actual dates are also sho!n in this%

"!#$eck Dates - *he dates in the pro&ect structure can (e chec#ed for their

consistency !ith/!ithout ta#ing activities into account%%! &n$erit- *he dates in the 50S element can (e inherited (y child 50S%

'!E tra olate - *his function can (e used to calculate the dates for higher level50S elements%

*!S$ift - All the planned dates or &ust the dates !hich come in the su( hierarchy can(e shifted%

+!Planning Different #alendars - A different factory calendar can (e used for each50S element or Activity%

,! Sc$eduling - *his function calculates the dates for Eet!or#s and Activities%

-!Planning .orm - In the planning form, (asic dates can (e e$trapolated from lo!erto higher level 50S element, or inherited from higher to lo!er level 50S element


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ates can (e manually planned in 50S hierarchy !hich does not havenet!or#s% *his can (e done in pro&ect planning (oard (y dragging the mouse forthe respective 50S element%

Also, in structure planning, one can enter the dates in ta(le%

*he 0asic dates flo!s in 50S hierarchy as top"do!n from higher levels tolo!er levels or e$trapolated from lo!er levels to superior 50S element%

*he (asic dates consistency can (e chec#ed !ith in the 50S structure%

5hile e$ecuting the pro&ect, the actual dates can (e set in pro&ect planning (oardor information system structure (y dragging the respective 50S element (ar andcompare the actual dates !ith (asic dates%

*here are several planning forms to plan (asic dates on 50S element, li#e *opdo!n 7Inherited from to top to do!n8, 0ottom up 7e$trapolated from (ottom totop level8, ree planning and Strict (ottom up%

or assigning actual dates, !hich is Assigned during e$ecution phase, (y draggingmouse in pro&ect planning date, and one can compare actual and plan (asic

dates%


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In the case of pro&ects !ith assigned net!or#s, net!or# scheduling functionalityautomatically derives the dates for activities and 50S elements%

*his can (e using pro&ect planning (oard !here you can select 50S elementsand assigned net!or# activities%

Scheduling parameters determines the scheduling of net!or#s i%e% for!ard or(ac#!ard scheduling 7for!ard scheduling determines earliest dates and (ac#!ardscheduling determines latest dates8%

*he difference (et!een t!o dates 7earliest and latest dates8 are called as loat!hich can (e negative or zero and signifies that the net!or# path is 7or activitiesfrom start of net!or# to the end of the end of net!or#8 is critical%

*he scheduled dates of the 50S elements are the !rap"up dates of theassigned activities !hich are displayed as thin time (ars in pro&ect planning(oard%

*hese scheduled dates can (e copied in (asic dates of the 50S elements

and e$trapolate them to the superior 50S elements in the pro&ect hierarchy%

Settings of scheduling parameters-Indicators ;net!or# scheduling< and ;ad&ust (asic dates< set%

Assignment of scheduling type in scheduling parameters%


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Scheduling can (e used to derive dates for activities/50S

elements% Eet!or#s are al!ays scheduled for!ard and (ac#!ards%

*he scheduling type determines the original direction in !hich schedulingta#es place% It can (e carried out in t!o !ays- *op" o!n and 0ottom"Fpscenarios%

*he dates schedule in 50S structure can (e copied to the (asic dates of the50S elements for the purpose of e$trapolating them up the pro&ect hierarchy%


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Scheduling uses the .uantity structure of net!or# activities to derive dates in anautomated !ay%

Single net!or# schedules all activities of the net!or#% If it is connected to othernet!or#s (y relationships, their dates are treated li#e constraints%

In overall net!or# scheduling, the system schedules all net!or#s connected (yrelationships%

50S scheduling schedules all activities !hich are assigned to selected50S elements%

Eet!or# can (e scheduled-• Individually 7Eet!or# Scheduling8• :verall 7Scheduling of :verall net!or#8• 50S scheduling

*he activity data, activity relationships and date restrictions form the (asis fordetermining the dates automatically%

In Pro&ects !ith assigned net!or#s, the dates of 50S ?lements and Activitiescan (e derived (y scheduling% 4ere, 50S ?lement transfers the date to higherlevel


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elements and ?$trapolate it%

In 50S !ith assigned net!or#s, the (asic dates for the 50S element can (eplanned in order to determine that certain part of the pro&ect has to (ecompleted !ithin a fi$ed period of time%


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Scheduling parameter- *hey determine scheduling% *hese are created forspecific plants and net!or# types%

@% Ad&ust (asic dates- It determines that after the scheduling run, thescheduled dates are copied to the (asic dates of the net!or# header%

2% Scheduling *ype- It determines the type of scheduling (eing carried out% or e%g%for!ard first and then (ac#!ard scheduling%

3% Start in the past- It determines ho! much time (ac# !as the start date% Ifits more than the days mentioned, scheduling is done from current date%

D% Automatic Scheduling- Scheduling is carried out !hen saving is carried out%

'% Gog Automatic- If log is generated, it is displayed automatically%

)% 0rea# Spec% Scheduling- *he e$act time at !hich a (rea# is scheduled%

+% Shift :rder- uring scheduling% It determines ho! the system deals !ith partiallycompleted activities%

% Gatest material dates- (ased on latest and earliest dates, the re.uirementsdates for a material is determined%

1% Reduction type- ?ither all activities or only those in the critical path are reduced%

@9% >a$imum reduction level- *here are up to ) levels in reduction strategy% *hehighest level is displayed%

@@% Rescheduling- After scheduling run is done, it determines ho! the system is

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allocating !or# in 5or# orce planning75 P8


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Scheduling *ype- etermines type of scheduling (eing carried out%

@% Start in the past- It determines ho! much time (ac# !as the start date% Ifits more than the days mentioned, scheduling is done from current date%

2% Scheduling form- It specifies as in on !hat (asis is the scheduling (eing

carried out = 50S element or Eet!or# header%3% Ad&ust (asic dates- It determines that after the scheduling run, the

scheduled dates are copied to the (asic dates of the net!or# header%

D% Gog Automatic- If log is generated, it is displayed automatically%

'% Shift :rder- uring scheduling, it determines ho! the system deals !ith partiallycompleted activities%

)% Schedule !hen saving- Scheduling is done on saving%

+% Gatest material dates- (ased on latest and earliest dates, the re.uirementsdates for a material is determined%

% >a$imum reduction level- *here are up to ) levels in reduction strategy% *hehighest level is displayed%

1% Reduction type- ?ither all activities or only those in the critical path arereduced%

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@%

@

2%

3%

D%

?very time a net!or# is scheduled, for!ard and (ac#!ard scheduling iscarried out (y the systemH and if activated it determines float and capacityre.uirements for activities, reduction level used to schedule the net!or#,

earliest and latest dates for the relationship%

or!ard scheduling determines the earliest dates%

0ac#!ard scheduling determines the latest

dates%

loat- If earliest dates are not same as latestdates, then float occurs%*he Scheduling results are-

• Scheduled start and finish for the net!or#%• ?arliest start and finish dates 7earliest dates8 and the latest start and finish

dates 7latest dates8 for activities and earliest and latest dates for relationships%• Reduction levels used to reduce the net!or# and float times 7total and free float8

for activities%• And capacity re.uirements for activities%


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:ther influencing factors in scheduling-

Internal processing- the normal uration maintained in the activity is used (ythe system for scheduling internally processed activity%

?$ternal processing- Planned delivery time or normal uration 7e$plicitly to

(e activated in control #ey8 !ill (e used (y system for scheduling e$ternallyprocessed activity%

eneral costs activity- uration

Relationship- *ime interval- i$ed or as a percentage%

*he !or# centers can (e maintained in internally or e$ternally processed activityand in relationships, and !or# centers contains follo!ing information s-

@% ormulas for calculating duration of activities

2% actory calendar and operating time for each !or#day%

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A net!or# must and al!ays scheduled for!ards and (ac#!ards and scheduling typespecifies !hether for!ard scheduling or (ac#!ard scheduling is carried out first%

or!ard scheduling calculates the earliest start and finish dates for all activities, andthe scheduled finish date of the net!or#% A start activity is an activity in a net!or#

that does not have a predecessor%

0ac#!ard scheduling calculates the latest start and finish dates for an activity 7latestdates8 and the scheduled start date of the net!or#% A target activity is an activity in

a net!or# that does not have a successor%

5hen for!ard scheduling is performed first, the date from !hich scheduling startsis the (asic start date in the net!or# header% 5hen for!ard scheduling isperformed after (ac#!ards scheduling the start date is calculated from (ac#!ardscheduling%

5hen (ac#!ard scheduling is performed first, the (ase date from !hichscheduling starts is the (asic start date in the net!or# header% 5hen (ac#!ards

scheduling is performed after for!ard scheduling the finish date is calculated fromfor!ard scheduling%

Start dates are at the (eginning of the day799-998% inish dates are at the end of the day72D-998%

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Sc$eduling /ssem0l1 Networks:

:verall Eet!or# Scheduling can (e performed for a sales order item%

*his function schedules the net!or# assigned to the sales order item and allother net!or#s !ith relationships to it 7total net!or# scheduling8%

*he function leads to an update of all items in the sales order !ith assignmentsto the total net!or#%

2verall Network Sc$eduling wit$ Selection 2 tions:

*his function is used along !ith selection criteria to specify !hich net!or#/su("net!or# are to (e ta#en into account as part of overall net!or# scheduling%

A prere.uisite for the use of the :verall net!or# scheduling !ith selection optionsfunction is that suita(le levels are defined (eforehand for the pro&ect system andnet!or# types and num(er intervals are assigned to it%

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/ctivit1 Element 3 P45 Dates

*he system calculates dates for activity elements !ith reference to the start orfinish dates of the activity% Jou maintain a time interval for the start and a timeinterval for the finish%

Material 4e6uirements Date*he system calculates the re.uirements date for components !ith reference to thestart or the finish date of the activity% 5ith the net!or# type you can control

!hether the earliest or latest start date is used as the re.uirements date in thenet!or#%

If the re.uirements date is (efore or after the start date of the activity, you can entera corresponding lead time offset%

Jou can set a manual re.uirements date for components%

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Jou can maintain constraints for the start and finish of activities and /


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Gegend-

?S K earliest start? K earliest finishGS K latest start

G K latest finish* K total float

K free float

loats supply information a(out time reserves availa(le for individual activities andone can use floats calculated in scheduling, for e$ample in capacity leveling, toshift activities (et!een their earliest and latest dates or to e$tend their duration%

*otal float- *he amount of time an activity can (e shifted from its earliest dates intothe future !ithout affecting the latest dates of its successor% 7*otal float- K GS"?S

or G "? 8

ree float- *he amount of time an activity can (e shifted from its earliest datesinto the future !ithout affecting the earliest dates of its successor% 7 ree float K?S successor = ? activity8

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*he slide descri(es the calculation of total floats and free floats-

*he total float can (e calculated as the difference (et!een the earliest andlatest start of an activity%In the a(ove e$ample-

ay ) 79-998 " ay ' 79-998 K @ ay%

*he free float of an activity can (e calculated as the difference (et!een theearliest start of the successor and the earliest finish of the activity%In the a(ove e$ample-

ay 1 79-998 " ay + 72D-998 K @ ay%

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Reduction-

Reduction can (e used !hen the time period !ithin !hich activities are scheduledis not enough for processing all the activities%

*his reduces the scheduled duration of internally"processed activities and for

!hich reduction strategy has (een maintained%Fp to si$ reduction levels can (e defined for each reduction strategy% *hepercentage reduction re.uired can (e entered for each reduction level%

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3-4 Cost PlanningBased on the resource and material planning using WBS and networks, asscribed above, the system can automatically calculate planned costs for theocurement and the consumption of resources and material. This form of costanning is referred to as network costing,you only use work breakdown structures for mapping pro!ects,

u manually plan costs on the WBS element level for the later performance ofe individual pro!ect parts.

Two important criteria for a cost planning#s level of detail are the characteristicscost element and. by date.

ost planning by cost element

a cost planning references one or se eral cost elements, thispe of cost planning is referred to as a planning by cost element.ost elements are de+ned in the *ost lement Accounting ofontrolling and correspond to cost-rele ant chart of accountsems( sing cost elements, you can structure and classity thensumption of production factors that is aluated with regard toe business purpose( sing cost element reports "see Section

( ' or hierarchy reports "see Section(0'se - detailed planning ,Unit costing , Easy cost planing

ate Planning )f a cost planning references the period of theo1ected cost , this type of cost planning is referred to as beingriod based.

ost plannings by date allow you to analy2e planned costseci+callyr a period "e(g(, monthly' in Reporting and to compare them toe actual costs incurred during a period(

Use - detailed planning "see Section 3( (3' and networ$ costing ,asy *ost Planning is only conditionally date-speci+c

ote - the other cost planning forms in SAP Pro1ect System are


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• Sales Pro&ect = Pro&ects !hich have the recognition of revenue at the starting orduring the course of the pro&ect e$ecution% 5hen activities are assigned to

50S elements, the dates and costs defined in the individual activities aretotaled up 7aggregated8 at the 50S level, and can (e evaluated% Activity fundsalready assigned are chec#ed against the (udgets of the 50S elements%

ollo!ing important steps are carried out during the e$ecution-

6ustomer in.uiry is created and assigned to the pro&ect%

Plan dates, materials, costs, and resources

6reate sales pricing and sales order%

?nter confirmations, Purchase materials Services% Post revenues%

6alculate overhead, carry out result analysis and e$ecute settlement%

*he a(ove steps are discussed further in the course%

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Jou define the company using company codes and (usiness areas 7Accounting vie!8 andcontrolling areas, profita(ility segments and profit centers 76ontrolling vie!8%

*he operating concern is the organizational unit for !hich the mar#et is uniformlysegmented%

*he controlling area is the organizational unit !ithin the company used to representan internal system for cost accounting purposes%

*he company code is the (alance sheet unit in inancial Accounting% 6ompany codes can(e assigned to the controlling area in an E-@ or @-@ ratio 7company"code"specific costaccounting8% In the 6ustomizing settings for the controlling area, you can specify !hethercompany"code"specific cost accounting is possi(le% *his setting should (e consideredcarefully and made !hen you create the controlling area%

*he financial management area is the organizational unit !ithin !hich you plan, control,and monitor funds and (udgets%In the Pro&ect System module, it is sufficient to assign the company code to one financial

management area% In unds >anagement, you have to assign the financialmanagement area to the controlling area%

Jou use the (usiness area for calculating (alances internally%

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*he Pro&ect System module has no organizational units of its o!n%

epending on the pro&ect type and configuration, the organizational units from a !iderange of areas are used 7sales and distri(ution, purchasing, production, accounting,controlling, personnel, and so on8%

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All (usiness processes throughout the supply chain are e$ecuted in onesystem sharing all information

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•*he picture here illustrates a typical R/3 system%

•>ultiple presentation layers from multiple computers communicate !iththe application servers over the local or !ide area net!or#%

• or a single R/3 system, there may (e multiple application servers in order

to (alance the operational load%•All these application servers interact !ith a single data(ase server%

•And as the picture illustrates, the data(ase server acts as theinterface (et!een the e$ternal R 0>S and the application servers%

•A single data(ase, the R/3 data(ase server that accesses it and the set ofone or more application servers and their processes, that govern the

(usiness administration and the data sent and received from the data(aseserverL all these components that constitute a logically single R/3

system, is called as an R/3 instance%

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•*he presentation server is simply a FI 7 raphical Fser Interface8 that is running at theuserCs !or#station% It is a very light component, called as a thin client in commonterminology% It is capa(le of sending re.uests to the application server, receiving there.uests (ac# and displaying the screen (ac# to the user%

•>ultiple instances of presentation servers can e$ecute in the same !or# station%

•And generally the presentation layers are, to a good e$tent, do!n!ard compati(le !ith theapplication servers, in terms of the version% or e%g%, A ;D%) 6< version FI !ould (e a(le tocommunicate !ith a ;D%' 0< version application server%

•*he messages e$changed (et!een the presentation layer and the application server are ina SAP proprietary format% *he presentation layer is capa(le of accepting the screeninformation sent from the application server, format and generate the screens appropriatelyfor the platform it is running on%

•*he data(ase server, as !e sa! earlier, acts as an interface (et!een the application serverand the R 0>S%

•As !e #no! already, the R/3 system does not include the R 0>S% In other !ords, R/3 isindependent of the R 0>S% R/3 is operational on a num(er of commercial R 0>Ss%

•*he vendor specific 0 driver resides in the data(ase server%

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In the R/3 system architecture, the application, presentation and data(ase serverare separated out% *his fulfills the prere.uisite for distri(uting load into severalapplication servers for client"server configurations% 4ence in terms of data(ase,the system can (e distri(uted at different levels%

*his architecture ena(les the host services can (e ad&usted !ithout any issues i%e%scala(ility, in cases !here the loads on the system changes comprehensively as

a result of increase in the user num(ers or (ecause of components has (eenadded%

*his displays that the R/3 system has the fle$i(ility !hile choosing hard!are orsoft!are%

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• The SAP R/3 system consistsof application modules that

support businesstransactions and areintegrated real-time

– Because of integration, a change

in one application module willresult in an automatic update ofthe data in the other applicationmodules in ol ed

! All application modules ha ecommon 2


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architecture and user interface"same #loo$ % feel& andna igation'(


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•Accelerated SAP is a comprehensive solution for the implementation of theR/3 System, comprising a proven methodology, tools and a range of servicesfor the rapid implementation and ongoing optimization of R/3 installations

•It provides a standard implementation ho!"to guide that fills in the gaps ofdiverse methodologies and varying individual implementation s#ills ande$periences%

•It is essential that you create a pro&ect plan !hen starting your ASAPimplementation pro&ect%

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Integration allo!s SAP, as a tool, to support all phases of pro&ect management (ycommunicating !ith sales and distri(ution, materials management and accountingin a real time environment%

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*he Pro&ect System is an integrated solution that helps you perform all of the tas#s ina pro&ect " no matter !hich sector of industry you are active in%It includes the functions you need in all pro&ect phases%

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