sap overview1

7/31/2019 Sap Overview1

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SAP Overview


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SAP?

Company

ERP Software package

R/2

R/3


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Why ERP

Integration

Best business practices

Standardization


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Why not ERP?

Complexity

Cost

Inflexibility


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SAP R/3 System Business Modules

Sales &Distribution

MaterialsMgmt.

Production

Planning

Financial

Accounting

Controlling

Fixed Assets

Mgmt.

Quality

Mgmt.

Plant

Maintenance

Human

Resources

Workflow

IndustrySolutions

R/3Client / Server

ABAP/4 ProjectSystem

Logistical Financial


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R/3 System: Hardware/Software Views


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Typical Client Server Architectures

Central System

Two - tierDistributed System

Two - tierClient/Server

Three - tierClient/Server

Multi-layerCooperative

Client/Server

Presentation Application Database


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Database andApplication

R/3 System Configurations

Central System

SAP

2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled

Presentation

Database,

Application,

Presentation Database

Application

Presentation

InternetTransaction

Service/WebService

In a central R/3 System configuration, one host is responsible for all processingtasks.


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Central Systems

SAP


Presentation

Database,

Application,


Application

Presentation

InternetTransaction

Service/WebService

Two-tier R/3 System configurations are usually implemented using specialpresentation servers that are responsible solely for formatting the graphical interface.Many R/3 System users use PCs with Microsoft Windows -installed, for example, as

presentation servers.


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An alternative two-tier configuration is to install powerful desktop systems and to usethese for presentation and applications (two-tier client/server). This type ofconfiguration is particularly useful for expensive applications (such as simulations) or

for software developers.



Central Systems

SAP


Presentation

Database,

Application,


Application

Presentation

InternetTransaction

Service/WebService


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In a three-tier configuration, you use your own host for the three tiers. Using datafrom the database server, several different application servers can operate at the sametime. To ensure that the load on individual servers is as even as possible and to

achieve optimal performance, you can use special application servers for individualapplication areas such as sales planning, distribution or financial accounting.



Central Systems

SAP


Presentation

Database,

Application,


Application

Presentation

InternetTransaction

Service/WebService


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Central Systems

SAP


Presentation

Database,

Application,


Application

Presentation

InternetTransaction

Service/WebService

To web-enablethe SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet TransactionServer) are needed. The web-service and the services for the ITS can run on oneserver or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided

by an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.


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Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy

Input / Outputof data to users

Access to Dataase:(Read / Write data)

Central Database(Storage of all data)

Database

Application

Presentation

Processing of datausing application logic

Presentation of theprocessed data tothe user


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Client/Server Overview

Client

Server

LAN/WAN

TCP / IP


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Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure)

Presentation

Data Storage

ApplicationLogic

Client

Server


16/48 S A P A G

R

W hat does an R /3 D atabase C onta in?

R /3S ystem

database

R epos itory O bjectsR epos itory O bjects

C ustom iz ing O bjectsC ustom iz ing O bjects

Cl ientCl ient Cl ientCl ient Cl ientCl ient

G lob al Se t tingsG lob al Se t tings


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R

W ha t is a C lien t?

A c lien t is an autonom ous un i t in the R /3 System w ithregard to co m m ercia l law , organ izat ion , and data .

ClientClient

UserMas

ter

Custo

mizing

Applicatio

n

userrecordsuserauthorization

client-dependentcustomizingdata

transactiondatamasterdata


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Sample SAP System Landscape

Development Testing Production

DatabaseServers

ApplicationServers

PresentationServers


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Object Migration

Program A

Table A

Screen A

Program A

Table A

Screen A

Program A

Table A

Screen A

Development QA Testing ProductionCorrections and Transport


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Object Migration

Program AVersion 1

Program AVersion 2

Program AVersion 3

Program AVersion 1

Program AVersion 2

Program AVersion 3

Originals

Development QA Testing

Corrections

andTransport

?

?

G C


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Geography-based Clients

R/3

America

R/3Europe

R/3

Japan

America Client 010

Japan Client 030

Europe Client 020


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Client Copies

Configuration

Development

Interface Testing

Quality Assurance

User Training


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ERP: Integration

Integrate people, data and businessprocesses within and betweenorganizations.

Collaboration, non-redundancy, consistencyand internal process optimization.


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Procurement ProcessOutline

Agreement

Demand

Purchase

Requisition Vendor

Purchase

OrderGoods Receipt

& Inventory Mgmt.

Accounts

PayableInvoice

Verification

Scheduling

Agreement


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Production Process

Goods Issue Shop Floor

Goods ReceiptOrder Settlement

Schedule/Release


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Sales Process Trading Goods

Customer Order Picking

Goods IssueBillingAccounts Receivable

Packing


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Sales Process Finished Goods

Customer Order

AvailabilityCheck

Goods Issue

BillingPartial PaymentFinal Payment


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Sales Process Finished Goods

Customer Order

Availability Check

- Insufficient -

IndependentDemand

MRP Run

Production

Scheduling

Purchasing

Dependent

Demand


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Process Flow

Goods Issue

to Shop Floor

Goods

ReceiptProduction

Goods IssueBillingAccounts Receivable


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Logging In

Basics


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Client

This is a numeric field.

This number defines a whole businessentity.


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User

Every SAP user has a user name.

Users of SAP system are client-specific,which means that having a useridentification on one client will only allowaccess to that particular client.


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Password Rules

Letters Numbers

Easy to remember

3-8 Characters long

No 3 Characters can be the same

Do not start with a ? or an !

Do not use previous 5 passwords


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Language

SAP supports multi-national character setsand languages on the same system, at thesame time.

Default languages are English andGerman.


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Field Types

There are three types of Entry Fields

Required

Default entry

Optional entry field


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Sessions

An SAP session is a window in which the

user may perform a particular task.

A User may have up to nine sessions

open at one time.

SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher


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SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher

Data base

Application

Presentation

BuffersWorkProcess

WorkProcess

WorkProcess

Dispatcher

SAP GUI

Communications

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow


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SAP Memory Buffer

Relational database system

SAP GUI

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow

Data base

Application

Presentation

WorkProcess

Dispatcher

TerminalProcess

Request queues

1

3

2

4

5

6

7

Roll

Page

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes


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SAP Dispatcher

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1

1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 16 1 7 1 8

19 20 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5

26 27 2 8 2 9 3 0 31

1999

Background Jobs

Spool

Enqueue

Dialog UpdateMessage

Sold to party: C100

ItemMaterial Qty10 6301 1020 6412 1030 1507 25

O r d e r

Sold to party: C100


O r d e r

Sold to party: C100


O r d e r

Sold to party: C100


O r d e r

M

Gateway

R/2

R/3

G

A

B

C

SAP R/3 Resource Management:


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SAP R/3 Resource Management:Lock Management by the Enqueue Work Process

WorkProcess

Update

WorkProcess

Enqueue

Dispatcher

Work

Process

Update

Work

Process

Enqueue

Dispatcher

Lock table in

main storage

MessageServer

Instance A

Instance B

SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance


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SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance

Dialog . . . . Update Spool Back-ground Enqueue

Dispatcher

DatabaseInstance Message

ServerSAP

Gateway

Instance Profiles(parameters)

SAP Buffers

Startor

Stop

SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing


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SAP R/3 Resource Management: Distributed SAP R/3 Processing

Dialog Update Enqueue Spool

Dispatcher

Mess-age

Gate-

way

Instance 01

Enqueue Dialog . . .

Dispatcher

Instance 02

DialogBack-

groundEnqueue

Dispatcher

Instance 03


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Reporting

Three basic steps to running a report

Access the report Enter selection criteria

Execute the report


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System Messages

E - Error

An invalid entry has been made.

The cursor moves to the field where theerror has occurred.

W - Warning

A possible error has been made.

The user can continue without changing.

I Information

Feedback from the system.

Customizing Modeling the Business


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Customizing - Modeling the Business

Organizational Structures in each module

Master Data - Customers, Materials,

Rules - required entries, tolerances,


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Mapping

Assignment of organizational structuresto reflect the enterprise model

Establishes integration among modules

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