sanskrut lesson 71 to 74 - month 19

8/8/2019 Sanskrut Lesson 71 to 74 - Month 19

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T h e L o c a t i v e a n d G e n i t i v e A b s o l u t e s .

1

Lesson 71.

ml mHlc ml:


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2

When Spring is obtained ( When it is Spring, the

difference becomes apparent): : : : that thecrow is a crow and the cuckoo, a cuckoo.

2. That participle and noun which will be placed in themHlc or the


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3

6. Since they are participles, they will work as adjectives(While he ate a modak / while a modak was being eaten by him:

lqmcvd cokb KolJl / lv cok Kol

While she eats two modaks / while two modaks were being eaten byher

lmb cok Kovlcd / l cok: Kcv:When many modaks will / should be eaten by it.

lv cok


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4

The thieves stole the money even as the house was being guarded

by the policeman.vijj#kC i=nm j#lm j: Ovcd Djvd ~

11.A look at how the three different participles are used:While the boy watched T.V, the girl read a book.

yuk ojoM&vb Jl yuk vLb HlJl ~While T.V. was being watched by the boy, the girl read a book.

yukv ojoM&v yuk vLb HlJl ~While Vikramaditya is looking after the kingdom, the enemy cannot

do anything.Jcol jpb Hul, jHJ: kcH kl&b v MJqvl ~If the teacher should enter, please sit quietly.DOHk JJ, k=H l


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5

4. The moment that(As soon as / no sooner / scarcely when / the moment that..... heentered, the people cheered.

Jc$ SJ lqmcvdpv: ppkjvd DkJ&vd ~)

Worksheets

A) Translate:..... Please try your hand at both the active and passiveparticiples in the same sentence whenever it is warranted.

ml:


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6

8. Who can trouble us, while God protects us?9. The moment that the child cries, the mother picks it up.10. Scarcely had the bus started to move, than there was a loud

explosion.11. While the students were thus laughing, the teacher walked into the

class.

B) Read and understand:ml mHlc

1. #C HC cl&ukb JMqvl ~ (9:21)2. DY


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Causal verbs.

Lesson 72.

Causal verbs.jCL&kJj: ~

Mohan cooked the rice.Ramesh got the rice cooked by Mohan.

In both the cases, the person doing the action of cooking is Mohan. But in

the first case, he becomes the subject, thekl&and in the second Ramesh isthe subject providing inspiration to Mohan to cook the rice.

cnv: Dovb Hl ~jcM: cnvv Dovb Hl ~

In the second sentence, theCd lhas been added to the Ol: ~ Withthat addition, the verb now changes its meaning. From an action which is

being done by someone, it now becomes ajCL&k, an action whichsomeone makes another (or himself) do. Please note that the actual doer of

the action needn't be different.

It must be observed that whenever thejCL&k-Ol s are made use of, theactualkl&is always in thel=l JYqkwl: and the object remains in thelas compared to the root sentence where thekl&is in theLcJYqkwl: and the object in thel~ Remember to match the verb with theLc JYqkwl: at all times.

Y=l: k kjl ~ ..... the root sentenceoJo: Y=lv k kjl ~ jCL&kpv: Y=lv k kjqvl ~ jCL&k


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Causal verbs.

When is theCd l used?1. Whenever you wish to add thejCto a Ol, theCd lis added.2. Sometimes, to convert an Dkc&k Ol to amkc&k Ol, theCpvlis

made use of.HJ&l Dnv&Mb lHY: iuHl i$cd ~ Parvati, with her austerities which sheperforms day and night, emaciates her (own) body. Here,iuHlis theCpvl iof the Dkc&k Ol ..... iul ~

How are these forms recognized?

1. Between the Ol and thel, theCd (Dd) JkjCis added and aiCof themJ mJjof theGHO(except for D) is made.lpd -

lpl, k= - kjl ~2. Generally Dkjvl Ol s (and those ending in S, S, D which become

Dkjvlin thejCL&k) have an extraHdattached after the D ~ Forexample:o - oHl, i - iHl, mv - mvHl ~

3. In p, c, c (#HC), c 9, o, too an extraHdis attached andtheFkjbecomes an Dkj ~ pHl, cHl, oHl, Hl ~

4. Except for Dcd, kcd, cd, Mcd, cd, in the other Dcdending Ols,J=of the Dkjof theGHOdoes not take place. For example:icd -iclbutkcd - kcl ~

5.Cpvlforms are like the Ols in thejoiC ~6.Cpvlforms are generallyGYHo ~

Here are examplesiCwise:1. Y YJlbecomes YJl-l ~2.

Dod Dbecomes Dol-l ~3. n pnlbecomes nJl-l ~

4. oJd oJlbecomes oJl-l ~


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Causal verbs.

5. m mvlbecomes mJl-l ~6. lod lolbecomes lol-l ~7. Od Cbecomes jOl-l ~8.

lvd lvlbecomes lvl-l ~9. Clbecomes Hl-l ~

10.jd jlbecomes jl-l ~And a few more that are often used :

1.FCd - icl ~2.l+F - ll ~3. DO+F - DOHl ~4. - l / Hl ~5.pi= - pijl ~6.o


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Causal verbs.

5. (mcv$: jcb Jvb vl) - jp mcv$C jcb Jvb vl ~There are 12 Ols in which thekl&of the action is placed in thelJYqkwl ~ Besides them, andk=are used in both, theland thel=l ~

1.icv - (HC[J: Jvb isqvl) - kjJ: HC[Jvd Jvb icqvl ~2.oM&v - (yu: vb HMl) - cl yub vb oM&l ~3. JC - (v=H: ivb M=Cl) - m v=Hb ivb Jl ~4.JM - (yj i=nb JMl) - D&: yjCb i=nb JMl ~5. DjnC - (m: J=#cd Djnl) - k=


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Causal verbs.

Worksheets

Translate:

1. The sun makes the lotuses bloom.2.

Vishwamitra got Rama and Janak's daughter, Sita, married.3. I will get the tailor to stitch me some clothes.

4. The servant bathes his master who is troubled by the heat,with cold water.

5. The villagers make the devotee tell them a story.6. The singing-teacher got the girls to start singing.7. Piyush got the servant to carry his books to school.8. Radha fed Seeta some cold water.9. Mother made Kumuda enter the temple.10.

He showed me his house.


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C h v i - p r a y o g a Lesson 73.

qJi

Once upon a time there was a forest. A peaceful dense forest with not a man

treading its hallowed precincts. One day a hunter chanced upon this naturalbeauty and proceeded to build a hut on its very edge. "I must let my family

know of this wonder. My cousins too would like a home here."

Alas, the hunter had converted the forest into a village!

k: S


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C h v i - p r a y o g a 6.mJx kHl: SkY Gvl ~All the pigeons flew as one.

How about just a few more words?

mjYkjl, i=nYJl, MkwuYl:, mHuYl, D


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C h v i - p r a y o g a

Practice time!

Worksheets

Translate the following. Convert the bold type into theqJHcd ~1. Tarakasura treats (makes) the three worlds as grass.l=C2. By the boon received from Brahma, he has become arrogant.iJ&3. The Devas and the people become unhappy. o:K4. They express their unhappiness to Brahma.k5. Brahma explains his idea.mH6. Parvati, having become Shiva's servant, serves Him with devotion.

om7. Shiva, having made Madana into ash, sits in meditation. Ymc8. Seeing her husband in such a state, Rati becomes very uneasy.Jku9. The Devas go to Shiva and then do pradakshina.o#C10."Tarakasura having become an enemy, troubles us," they say.Jj + Y11." To make us happy, forgive Madana and make Parvati a bride."mK

/ JO12.Shiva's anger cools down.Mlu13. He accepts Parvati. D14. " Madana will become Pradyuma and Rati too will become happy."

says Shiva.cv / mK

Try converting the same present-tense sentences into the past for

further practice. Remember to use the passive construction.

*****


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N o m i n a l v e r b s

Lesson 74.

Nominal verbs

vcOl:

Have we often not heard someone say, "Look at that nut! Does he thinkhimself to be Amitabh Bachhan?" Wouldn't it be great to say that in the

Sanskrit?

That's when thevcOl: comes to the rescue.

It is quite similar to theqJiand you will find that you can oftensubstitute one form for the other. Viva la options!!

ThevcOl: doesn't make use of thek=or the YOl ~ It uses the rootnoun or adjective and converts it into a new verb altogether by the

addition of aat the end of the noun / adjective and thel ~

There are numerous kinds ofvcOl: but we shall concentrate on onlytwo oft used forms..... examples

A)i[lB)molThe first is an A.P form the DlcvHoHcd ~The second is a P.P form theHjmcHoHcd ~ In this case, if the originalnoun ends in an D, then it is necessarily converted into anF& ~Though a completely new verb form has been created, generally only thepresent tense form is seen used.

A) The first option is used when you want to say...1. Someone believes himself to be / behaves like a particular thing. Here

the noun forms are used.


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For example:

By adorning himself with a peacock feather, the crow thinks that he is a

peacock.cjHsv Du*dk=l: kk: cjl ~

2. The adjectives add a new dimension to something.For example:

Cool coals blackens the hand.

Ml: Dj: kjb k=


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Whenever you come across a word which is a combination of a

noun/adjective with a verb ending, it might be avcOl: ~ Read thesentence and then try figure out what the word might mean.

There are several rules that define how avcOl: can be created. Asand when my understanding of the subject grows, I'll pass that unto

you... till then I'm afraid, this lesson will have to suffice.

Sometimes I dare to wonder if the Harappan and Mohenjodaro script

may be easier to decipher.

Let's look at a few sentences to see how these forms are used and ashomework, just try and translate them into English. These sentences

may be popular subhashitas, from our classics or are standard sentencesoften used by teachers to teach this concept

1.moMKjmL: DH kk: v i[l ~2.vjmlHoH oM SjC[eH cl ~3.kC&: Dp&vl ~4. DHlm mlcd DH cl: oul ~5.kj: i=nl ~6.oJ&m: cv: Dv: cvY: mn kunl ~7. Y p, jl lJ H$: ~8.i=nC mJkb mKl ~9. Dk=lmlk&: mppv: v koH cvovl ~10.o:Kl Ku c ocd ~11.mppvcK o


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15.yuk Dcyl ~16.mcHC&kcY: Myob v kjl Hjvl DO&: I: Myol ~17.pvv cC ocvbH: DH Dc=ll ~18.

op&v: cb HlJ kunvl ~19.J=m Mjjb p&l Hjvl lm l=

sanskrut lesson 71 to 74 - month 19

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