INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT INDIAN RAILWAY

DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE NARKATIYAGANJ

BY : SANJEEV KUMARUNI.ROLL NO. 1239176

Introduction to Indian Railways

Railways serve the people of India since 1851 Indian Railways are the biggest organization in

our our country, which is engaged in transportation. Indian Railways has more than 65,808 kilometer (40,891 miles) of track and 7112 stations. In

2014-15, IR carried 8.397 billion passengers annually or more than 23 millions passengers a day and 1058.81 million tons of freight in the year. It has the fourth largest Railways network after those of the world’s largest Railways network after those of the united States, Russia and china.

Introduction to Indian Railways

Indian Railways is divided into zones which are further

sub-divided into divisions. The number of zones in Indian Railways increased from 6 to 8 in 1951, and finally 17 in 2010.

It is one of the world’s largest commercial or utility employers with more than 1.6 million employees. As to

rolling stock, IR owns over 230,000 (freight) wagons,

60,000 coaches and 9,000 locomotives.

What is Locomotive?

A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that

that provides the motive power for a train.The word organizations from the Latin

loco- “from a place” ,ablative of locus, “place” + Medieval Latin motivus “causing motion”, and is a shortened from of the term locomotive engine,

First used in early 19th century to distinguish between mobile and station steam engines

Locomotive in India

Locomotive in India consist of ELECTRIC and DIESEL Locomotives.

STEAM locomotives are no longer used , except in heritage trains.

Locomotive are also called locus or engines.

The first successful locomotive was built by cornish inventor Richard Trevithick.

Track And Gauges

Indian Railways uses four gauges.The 1676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge.Which is wider than the 1435 mm (4 ft 8

1/2 in) standard gauge;The 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 1/8 in) meter

gauge; and two narrow gauges.The total length of track used by INDIAN

RAILWAYS was about 114,000 km (71,000 mi) while the total route length of the network was 64,215 km (39,901 mi) on31 march 2011.

Track And Gauges

Section of Locomotive

Locomotive Engine is divided into five section

1) Noise : Small section where Batteries are placed

2) Driver’s Cabin: Next to Nose all controls are in this section

3) Power Pack Assembly or Engine : Main section of Locomotive

4) Compressor section : Compressor are attached with crank shaft via coupling

5) Radiator : Last section from where thermal energy in of locomotive discharge outside

Section of Locomotive

Classification of Locomotive

In India, Locomotives are classified according to their track gauge, motive power, the work they are suited for and their power or model number.

It comprises 4 or 5 letters. The first latter donates the track gauge The second latter donates their motive power

(Diesel or Electric) The third letter donates the kind of traffic for which

they are suited (goods, passengers, mixed or shunting).

The fourth letter will donate their horse power range. The fifth letter generally donates a technical variant

or subclass or subtype. For example WDM 2A

Nomenclature of Locomotive The code is of the from [gauge][power][load][series][suffix]GAUGE- W(BROAD) Y (METRE) Z (NARROW,2.6’ N (NARROW,2’)POWER – D = DIESEL C = DC traction A = AC Traction CA = Dual-power

AC/DC B =Battery electric (rare)LOAD- M = Multipurpose C = Passenger G = Goods S = Shunting L = Light Duty (Light Passenger) R = RailcarSERIES- 1 - over 1000 hp less than 2000 2 – over 2000 less than

3000 3 – over 3000 hp less than 4000 4 - over 4000 less

then 5000SUFFIX – A -100HP 2 – 200HP 3 – 300HP 4 –

400HP

WDM3A MEANS “Broad gauge diesel powered multipurpose 3100hp loco”

TRANSMISSION TYPE OF DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE :

Unlike steam engines, internal combustion engines require a transmission to power the wheels.

The engine must be allowed to continue to run when the locomotive is stopped.

The Transmission are of two types DIESEL – MECHANICAL DIESAL – ELECTRICAL

Diesel - MechanicalA diesel – mechanical locomotive uses a

mechanical transmission in a fashion similar to that employed in most road vehicles

This type of transmission is generally limited to low – powered, low speed shunting ( Switching) locomotives, lightweight multiple units and self propelled railcars.

There is usually a fluid coupling interposed between the engine and gearbox, and the gear box is often of the epicyclic (planetary) type to permit shifting while under load.

Diesel - Mechanical

Diesel Electric In diesel – electric locomotive, the diesel

engines drives an electrical generator whose output provides power to the traction motors.

There is no mechanical connection b/t the engine and wheels.

The important components of diesel – electric propulsion are the Diesel engines (also known as the prime movers) the main generator, traction motors and the control system consisting of the engine governor as well as electrical and / or electronic components used to control or modify the electrical supply to the traction motors, including switchgear, rectifiers, and other components.

Diesel Electric

Working of Diesel LocomotiveMost of the diesel locomotives (including

WDM-2) are actually Diesel electric Locomotives.

An internal combustion diesel engine rotates an electric generator first, producing electric current.

The electricity thus produced by the generator is fed to different electric motors, placed near to loco axles.

This motor output is connected mechanically to the wheels through suitable gear system.

Working of Diesel Locomotive

Indian Locomotive Class WDM-2

Indian Locomotive Class WDM-2The class WDM-2 is Indian Railways’

workhouse diesel locomotive.The first unit were imported fully built

from the American Locomotive Company(Alco) in 1962 .since 1964, it has been manufactured in India by the Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW), Varanasi.

The model name stands for broad gauge (W), diesel (D), mixed traffic (M) engine.

Specifications of WDM-2Builders : Alco, DLWEngine : Alco 251-B, V-16 cylinder, 2600hp

(2430hp site rating) with Alco 710/710 turbocharger. 1000rpm max. 400rpm idle;228mm * 266mm bore/stroke; compression ratio 12.5:1 Direct fuel injection centrifugal pump cooling system

Governor : GE 17MG8 / Woodward 8574-650Transmission : Electric, with BHEL TG 10931 AZ

generator (1000rpm, 770V,4520A).Traction motors : GE752 (original Alco models)

(405hp ) BHEL 4906 BZ(AZ) (435hp) and (newer) 4907 AZ(with roller bearing)

Axel Load : 18.8 tones total weight 112.8t

Specifications of WDM-2

Gauge : 1,676mmWheel Diameter : 1.902mmWheel Base : 12.834mmTotal length : 17.120mmWidth : 2,864mmHeight : 4,185mmLength over buffer beams :

15,862mm.Distance between bogies : 10,516mm.

Dimensions of WDM-2

Power pack Assembly of Diesel Locomotive

This is the main power source for the locomotive.

It comprises large cylinder block, with the cylinders arranged in a V-shaped arrangement (generally V-12 or V-16).

The engine rotates the driver shaft at up to 1,000 rpm and this drives the varies items needed to power the locomotive.

As the transmission is electric, the engine is used as the power source of the electricity generator or alternator, as it is called nowadays.

Power pack Assembly of Diesel Locomotive

Cross sectional view of power pack

Main Part & Accessories of Power Pack

The POWER PACK (engine) of the diesel Locomotive consists of various parts and accessories fitted and attached to it.

The LUBE OIL SUMP, ENGINE BLOCK and HEADER are combined together to from the Power pack during the assembling process of the power pack.

Main Part & Accessories of Power Pack

Some of the most important parts and accessories of the power pack are as follows:

LUBE OIL HEADER, LUBE OIL SCREEN , LUBE DRAIN PIPE, LUBE OIL PUMP, WATER PUMP, S-PIPE,CRANK SHAFT, CYLINDER LINER, PISTONS,CYLINDER LINER, PISTON, CYLINDER HEAD, ROCKER ARMS, PUSH ROADS, WATER JUMPER, WATER CHANNEL, WATER RISER, EXHAUSTER MAINIFOLD, COMPRESSION CHAMBER EXHAUSTER MOTOR, GOVERNOR, FIP(FUIL INJECTION PUMP), CAMSHAFT GEAR,SPLIT GEAR, TURBO SUPERCHARGER,AC CORE, OIL CATCHER, VIBRATION DAMPER, INJECTOR NOZZLES, INLET & EXHUST VALVES, BUBBLES CRUSHERS, CROSSHEAD AND MANY MORE………..

DESCRIPTIONCAMSHAFT :The two camshafts are driven by

the crankshaft by the split gear. The camshafts have three lobes for operating the inlet valves, the exhaust valves and the FIP. They are located on the each side of the V- shaped engine cylinders.

Governor :once a diesel engine is running, the engine speed is monitored and controlled through a governor. The governor ensures that the engine speed stays high enough to idle at the right speed and that the engine speed will not rise too high when full power is demanded. The governor consists of a rotating shaft, which is driven by the diesel engine.

DESCRIPTIONLUBE OIL PUMP : This pump helps in the

circulation of the lube oil to various parts and accessories of the power pack for the purpose of lubrication .It draws the lube oil header and circulates it with required optimum pressure to various parts.

WWATER PUMP : It is a type of centrifugal pump whose function is to circulates water through parts and accessories of the power pack necessary to cool and reduce the temperature by absorbing heat.

Lube oil Screen : it acts as a filter which helps in filtering of the lube oil coming to the sump after circulation to various parts. It separates impurities and metal parts from the lube oil.

DESCRIPTION

CRANKSHAFT: It is the important shaft of the power pack. It is connected to the camshaft via split gear. Also on one end of the crankshaft, the main generator is connected and on the other end an extension shaft is being fitted which drives the expressor.

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