A Mini Project Report on

CATIONIC BITUMEN -CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS BASED ON COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY

Submitted to

K L University College of EngineeringKONERULAKSHMAIAH EDUCATION FOUNDATION

Green Fields Vaddeswaram Guntur District AP India

In the partial fulfillment for the completion of IIIIV BTech course for the requirement

for the Award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY(Civil Engineering)

By

Gauri Shankar Sah (11002080)Sanjay Yadav (11002075)Amar Chandra yadav (11002007)Kamlesh yadav (11002077)Ram Pujan Sah (11002081)

Under the esteemed guidance ofMr HEMANTHA RAJAKOMMINENI

Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Civil Engineering

K L UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mini-Project entitled ldquoCATIONIC BITUMEN _CONSTRUCTION

OF RURAL ROADS BASE ON COLD MIX TECHNOLOGYrdquo is a bonafide work of

MRGAURISHANKAR SAH with regd no 11002080 SANJAY YADAV

(11002075)RAMPUJANSAH(11002081)KAMLSHYADAV(11002077)AMAR

CHANDRA YADAV(11002007)submitted to the K L University College of

Engineering in the partial fulfillment for the completion of IIIIV BTech for the

award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL

ENGINEERING during the SECOND semester of the Academic Year 2014

Mr HEMANTHA RAJAKOMMINENIAsso Professor

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipExternal Examiner

Dr Shashi Kumar GuptaProfessor ampHOD

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our sincere gratitude to our esteemed guide Mr HEMANTHARAJAKOMMINENI

for his her guidance during the course of this Mini Project We also thank him her for the

timely advices and suggestions throughout the course work

We are grateful to Arepalli Uma Maheswar Faculty Ic (Mini Projects) who permitted us to

select this mini project and extending all the required support during the course

We are highly obliged to Dr Sashi kumar Gupta Professor amp Head Department of Civil

Engineering for his continuous encouragement and providing all the facilities required for

completion of this Mini Project

We are also thankful to our teaching faulty non-teaching staff and all others involved in this

Mini-Project

Gauri Shankar sah (11002080)Amar Chandra yadav (11002007)Kamlesh yadav (11002077)Sanjay yadav (11002075)Ram pujan sah (11002081)

Abstract

In this project brief description of cationic bitumen in construction of rural road base on cold mix technology is presented In this project we are going to do experimental work and what are the consequences we are going to identify The main item of work we are going to do is that construction of rural road based on cationic bitumen What are the advantage and disadvantages of this design we are going to differentiate Bitumen emulsion is a liquid product in which substantial amount of bitumen is suspended in a finely divided form of the size 4-10 microns in water in presence of emulsifiers

CONTENTS

1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2 Literature reviewhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

3 Methodologyhelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

4 Results and Discussions helliphelliphelliphellip

5 Conclusionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

6 Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Introduction

A stable dispersion of bitumen in water in continuous phase The bitumen globules are positively charged due to the NH3 group covers which is formed around bitumen droplets and provide stability for emulsion by electrostatic repulsion These bitumen droplets have can affinity with negatively charged aggregate which is usually available in India

Dispersion is obtained by processing bitumen and water amp water based solution under controlled conditions through a colloidal mill having a high speed rotor in the presence of scientifically selected surfactantsemulsifier Selection of emulsifier amp its quality is significant for emulsion stability its breaking amp curing when applied over aggregates

The Cationic Bitumen is chocolate brown and free flowing at normal temperature Once it breaks the bitumen breaks out and color changes t black An emulsion is said to break when the organic and the aqueous phase separate into two distinct layers ie the dispersion ceases to exist Emulsions are classified as Rapid Setting -1(RS-1) Rapid Setting-2(RS-2) Medium Setting (MS) Slow Setting-1 (SS-1) Slow Setting-2 (SS-2) The breaking time varies according to the designation of Emulsion although being largely dependent upon the climatic condition ie temperature humidity wind velocity etc

WHERE TO USE CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSION

Emulsion were first developed in the early 1920s however that emulsions as w know that today came to the fore due to its ecofriendly behavior amp other advantages the use of cationic bitumen emulsion has had a steady rise in demand worldwide including India

The INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS amp MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT amp HIGHWAYS have recommended the use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in several applications of road work like Tack Coat Prime Coat and Surface Dressing work 20mm premix carpet Sealing of cracks with fog seal etc Use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in SDBC works is also under consideration amp likely to get the necessary recommendation from MORTH amp IRC shortly

WHY USE BITUMEN EMULSION INSTEAD OF HOT BITUMEN

Superiority of BITUMEN Emulsion originates from its basic characteristic ie used in cold condition which gives ease amp efficiency in usage We can use Bitumen Emulsion in varying weather conditions and almost in every type of road construction work instead of conventional cumbersome hot mix method

Users Advantages

Because of low viscosity of the emulsion as compared to hot applied Bitumen The Emulsion has a good penetration and spreading capacity

CATASPHALT is electrically charged with built-in antistriping properties which gives better bondage with hydrophilic aggregates mostly available in our country

It can be used even with wet aggregates thus enabling users to carry out work during the monsoon also

It does not need any pre-heating Thus results in case of handling for the user besides saving in cost

Energy saving amp control of pollution amp safety

During the last 10-12yrs the country was in quest for alternative of Hot mix technology especially to save our beleaguered environment besides curbing the use of imported petroleum oil and our precious forests supplying firewood Optimum use of Bitumen Emulsion can

preserve Petroleum Oil and in turn save our Environment and Foreign Exchange

Bitumen emulsion does not require petroleum solvent to make them liquid as in cut back and also it is not required to be heated like normal Bitumem

Methodology

VISUAL INSPECTION-

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS

BINDERrsquos AGING

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

UNEVENNESS OF SURFACING

BENKELMAN BEAM DEFLECTION

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS The pavement performance is largely defined by evaluation in the following

Roughness Surface distress Skid resistance Structural evaluation ndash Deflection

ROUGHNESSPavement roughness is generally defined as an expression of regularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect the ride quality of a vehicle (and thus the user) Roughness is an important pavement characteristic because it affects not only ride quality but also vehicle delay costs fuel consumption and maintenance costs

SURFACE DISTRESSSurface distress is any indication of poor or unfavorable pavement performance or signs of impending failure The general surface distresses can be grouped under the following three broad groups The distresses under each of the groups are also mentioned along with the unit of measurement in parenthesesbull Fracture ndash Cracking ( area cracked)bull Distortion - localized settlements and depression (depth in mm) rutting (rut depth in mm) and shovingbull Disintegration - raveling stripping potholes and patching ( effected area or no of pot holes per km length) Surface distress is related to roughness (the more cracks distortion andDisintegration - the rougher the pavement will be) as well as structural integrity (Surface distress can be a sign of impending or current structural problems)

SKID RESISTANCESkid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotating slides along the pavement surface (Highway Research Board 1972) Skid resistance is an important pavement evaluation parameter because inadequate skid resistance will lead to higher incidences of skid related accidents Skid resistance depends on pavement surface texture Skid resistance changes over time Typically it increases in the first two years following construction as the roadway is worn away by traffic and rough aggregate surfaces become exposed and then decreases over the remaining pavement life as aggregates become more polishedSkid resistance is generally quantified using some form of friction measurement such as a friction factor or skid number

DEFLECTIONPavement surface deflection measurements are the primary means of evaluating a flexible pavement structure Although other measurements can be made that reflect (to some degree) a pavements structural

condition surface deflection is an important pavement evaluation method because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic (type and volume) pavement structural section temperature affecting the pavement structure and moisture affecting thePavement structure Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation methods to determine pavement structural layer stiffness and the sub grade resilient modulus Furthermore pavement deflection measurements are non-destructive destructive in nature which adds on to the overall viability of usage

HOT MIX TECHNOLOGY Hot Applications

Heating of Binder at 1650c Heating of Aggregate at 150oc Production of mix at 1550C Tack coating at 1600C Laying of mix at 1300C Compaction of mix at 1200C

COLD MIX DESIGNCold mix design of MSS SDBC BM

Evaluation of Bitumen Emulsion Gradation and Properties of Aggregates Premixing Optimum Water Content Preparation of Marshall Specimens Testing of Marshall Specimens

CALCULATIONS Determination of Premix Water Content

Quantity of emulsion ( P) is determined as P = 005A+01B+05CWhereA = Percent aggregate retained on 28 mm sieve

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

K L UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mini-Project entitled ldquoCATIONIC BITUMEN _CONSTRUCTION

OF RURAL ROADS BASE ON COLD MIX TECHNOLOGYrdquo is a bonafide work of

MRGAURISHANKAR SAH with regd no 11002080 SANJAY YADAV

(11002075)RAMPUJANSAH(11002081)KAMLSHYADAV(11002077)AMAR

CHANDRA YADAV(11002007)submitted to the K L University College of

Engineering in the partial fulfillment for the completion of IIIIV BTech for the

award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL

ENGINEERING during the SECOND semester of the Academic Year 2014

Mr HEMANTHA RAJAKOMMINENIAsso Professor

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipExternal Examiner

Dr Shashi Kumar GuptaProfessor ampHOD

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our sincere gratitude to our esteemed guide Mr HEMANTHARAJAKOMMINENI

for his her guidance during the course of this Mini Project We also thank him her for the

timely advices and suggestions throughout the course work

We are grateful to Arepalli Uma Maheswar Faculty Ic (Mini Projects) who permitted us to

select this mini project and extending all the required support during the course

We are highly obliged to Dr Sashi kumar Gupta Professor amp Head Department of Civil

Engineering for his continuous encouragement and providing all the facilities required for

completion of this Mini Project

We are also thankful to our teaching faulty non-teaching staff and all others involved in this

Mini-Project

Gauri Shankar sah (11002080)Amar Chandra yadav (11002007)Kamlesh yadav (11002077)Sanjay yadav (11002075)Ram pujan sah (11002081)

Abstract

In this project brief description of cationic bitumen in construction of rural road base on cold mix technology is presented In this project we are going to do experimental work and what are the consequences we are going to identify The main item of work we are going to do is that construction of rural road based on cationic bitumen What are the advantage and disadvantages of this design we are going to differentiate Bitumen emulsion is a liquid product in which substantial amount of bitumen is suspended in a finely divided form of the size 4-10 microns in water in presence of emulsifiers

CONTENTS

1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2 Literature reviewhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

3 Methodologyhelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

4 Results and Discussions helliphelliphelliphellip

5 Conclusionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

6 Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Introduction

A stable dispersion of bitumen in water in continuous phase The bitumen globules are positively charged due to the NH3 group covers which is formed around bitumen droplets and provide stability for emulsion by electrostatic repulsion These bitumen droplets have can affinity with negatively charged aggregate which is usually available in India

Dispersion is obtained by processing bitumen and water amp water based solution under controlled conditions through a colloidal mill having a high speed rotor in the presence of scientifically selected surfactantsemulsifier Selection of emulsifier amp its quality is significant for emulsion stability its breaking amp curing when applied over aggregates

The Cationic Bitumen is chocolate brown and free flowing at normal temperature Once it breaks the bitumen breaks out and color changes t black An emulsion is said to break when the organic and the aqueous phase separate into two distinct layers ie the dispersion ceases to exist Emulsions are classified as Rapid Setting -1(RS-1) Rapid Setting-2(RS-2) Medium Setting (MS) Slow Setting-1 (SS-1) Slow Setting-2 (SS-2) The breaking time varies according to the designation of Emulsion although being largely dependent upon the climatic condition ie temperature humidity wind velocity etc

WHERE TO USE CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSION

Emulsion were first developed in the early 1920s however that emulsions as w know that today came to the fore due to its ecofriendly behavior amp other advantages the use of cationic bitumen emulsion has had a steady rise in demand worldwide including India

The INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS amp MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT amp HIGHWAYS have recommended the use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in several applications of road work like Tack Coat Prime Coat and Surface Dressing work 20mm premix carpet Sealing of cracks with fog seal etc Use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in SDBC works is also under consideration amp likely to get the necessary recommendation from MORTH amp IRC shortly

WHY USE BITUMEN EMULSION INSTEAD OF HOT BITUMEN

Superiority of BITUMEN Emulsion originates from its basic characteristic ie used in cold condition which gives ease amp efficiency in usage We can use Bitumen Emulsion in varying weather conditions and almost in every type of road construction work instead of conventional cumbersome hot mix method

Users Advantages

Because of low viscosity of the emulsion as compared to hot applied Bitumen The Emulsion has a good penetration and spreading capacity

CATASPHALT is electrically charged with built-in antistriping properties which gives better bondage with hydrophilic aggregates mostly available in our country

It can be used even with wet aggregates thus enabling users to carry out work during the monsoon also

It does not need any pre-heating Thus results in case of handling for the user besides saving in cost

Energy saving amp control of pollution amp safety

During the last 10-12yrs the country was in quest for alternative of Hot mix technology especially to save our beleaguered environment besides curbing the use of imported petroleum oil and our precious forests supplying firewood Optimum use of Bitumen Emulsion can

preserve Petroleum Oil and in turn save our Environment and Foreign Exchange

Bitumen emulsion does not require petroleum solvent to make them liquid as in cut back and also it is not required to be heated like normal Bitumem

Methodology

VISUAL INSPECTION-

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS

BINDERrsquos AGING

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

UNEVENNESS OF SURFACING

BENKELMAN BEAM DEFLECTION

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS The pavement performance is largely defined by evaluation in the following

Roughness Surface distress Skid resistance Structural evaluation ndash Deflection

ROUGHNESSPavement roughness is generally defined as an expression of regularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect the ride quality of a vehicle (and thus the user) Roughness is an important pavement characteristic because it affects not only ride quality but also vehicle delay costs fuel consumption and maintenance costs

SURFACE DISTRESSSurface distress is any indication of poor or unfavorable pavement performance or signs of impending failure The general surface distresses can be grouped under the following three broad groups The distresses under each of the groups are also mentioned along with the unit of measurement in parenthesesbull Fracture ndash Cracking ( area cracked)bull Distortion - localized settlements and depression (depth in mm) rutting (rut depth in mm) and shovingbull Disintegration - raveling stripping potholes and patching ( effected area or no of pot holes per km length) Surface distress is related to roughness (the more cracks distortion andDisintegration - the rougher the pavement will be) as well as structural integrity (Surface distress can be a sign of impending or current structural problems)

SKID RESISTANCESkid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotating slides along the pavement surface (Highway Research Board 1972) Skid resistance is an important pavement evaluation parameter because inadequate skid resistance will lead to higher incidences of skid related accidents Skid resistance depends on pavement surface texture Skid resistance changes over time Typically it increases in the first two years following construction as the roadway is worn away by traffic and rough aggregate surfaces become exposed and then decreases over the remaining pavement life as aggregates become more polishedSkid resistance is generally quantified using some form of friction measurement such as a friction factor or skid number

DEFLECTIONPavement surface deflection measurements are the primary means of evaluating a flexible pavement structure Although other measurements can be made that reflect (to some degree) a pavements structural

condition surface deflection is an important pavement evaluation method because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic (type and volume) pavement structural section temperature affecting the pavement structure and moisture affecting thePavement structure Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation methods to determine pavement structural layer stiffness and the sub grade resilient modulus Furthermore pavement deflection measurements are non-destructive destructive in nature which adds on to the overall viability of usage

HOT MIX TECHNOLOGY Hot Applications

Heating of Binder at 1650c Heating of Aggregate at 150oc Production of mix at 1550C Tack coating at 1600C Laying of mix at 1300C Compaction of mix at 1200C

COLD MIX DESIGNCold mix design of MSS SDBC BM

Evaluation of Bitumen Emulsion Gradation and Properties of Aggregates Premixing Optimum Water Content Preparation of Marshall Specimens Testing of Marshall Specimens

CALCULATIONS Determination of Premix Water Content

Quantity of emulsion ( P) is determined as P = 005A+01B+05CWhereA = Percent aggregate retained on 28 mm sieve

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our sincere gratitude to our esteemed guide Mr HEMANTHARAJAKOMMINENI

for his her guidance during the course of this Mini Project We also thank him her for the

timely advices and suggestions throughout the course work

We are grateful to Arepalli Uma Maheswar Faculty Ic (Mini Projects) who permitted us to

select this mini project and extending all the required support during the course

We are highly obliged to Dr Sashi kumar Gupta Professor amp Head Department of Civil

Engineering for his continuous encouragement and providing all the facilities required for

completion of this Mini Project

We are also thankful to our teaching faulty non-teaching staff and all others involved in this

Mini-Project

Gauri Shankar sah (11002080)Amar Chandra yadav (11002007)Kamlesh yadav (11002077)Sanjay yadav (11002075)Ram pujan sah (11002081)

Abstract

In this project brief description of cationic bitumen in construction of rural road base on cold mix technology is presented In this project we are going to do experimental work and what are the consequences we are going to identify The main item of work we are going to do is that construction of rural road based on cationic bitumen What are the advantage and disadvantages of this design we are going to differentiate Bitumen emulsion is a liquid product in which substantial amount of bitumen is suspended in a finely divided form of the size 4-10 microns in water in presence of emulsifiers

CONTENTS

1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2 Literature reviewhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

3 Methodologyhelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

4 Results and Discussions helliphelliphelliphellip

5 Conclusionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

6 Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Introduction

A stable dispersion of bitumen in water in continuous phase The bitumen globules are positively charged due to the NH3 group covers which is formed around bitumen droplets and provide stability for emulsion by electrostatic repulsion These bitumen droplets have can affinity with negatively charged aggregate which is usually available in India

Dispersion is obtained by processing bitumen and water amp water based solution under controlled conditions through a colloidal mill having a high speed rotor in the presence of scientifically selected surfactantsemulsifier Selection of emulsifier amp its quality is significant for emulsion stability its breaking amp curing when applied over aggregates

The Cationic Bitumen is chocolate brown and free flowing at normal temperature Once it breaks the bitumen breaks out and color changes t black An emulsion is said to break when the organic and the aqueous phase separate into two distinct layers ie the dispersion ceases to exist Emulsions are classified as Rapid Setting -1(RS-1) Rapid Setting-2(RS-2) Medium Setting (MS) Slow Setting-1 (SS-1) Slow Setting-2 (SS-2) The breaking time varies according to the designation of Emulsion although being largely dependent upon the climatic condition ie temperature humidity wind velocity etc

WHERE TO USE CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSION

Emulsion were first developed in the early 1920s however that emulsions as w know that today came to the fore due to its ecofriendly behavior amp other advantages the use of cationic bitumen emulsion has had a steady rise in demand worldwide including India

The INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS amp MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT amp HIGHWAYS have recommended the use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in several applications of road work like Tack Coat Prime Coat and Surface Dressing work 20mm premix carpet Sealing of cracks with fog seal etc Use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in SDBC works is also under consideration amp likely to get the necessary recommendation from MORTH amp IRC shortly

WHY USE BITUMEN EMULSION INSTEAD OF HOT BITUMEN

Superiority of BITUMEN Emulsion originates from its basic characteristic ie used in cold condition which gives ease amp efficiency in usage We can use Bitumen Emulsion in varying weather conditions and almost in every type of road construction work instead of conventional cumbersome hot mix method

Users Advantages

Because of low viscosity of the emulsion as compared to hot applied Bitumen The Emulsion has a good penetration and spreading capacity

CATASPHALT is electrically charged with built-in antistriping properties which gives better bondage with hydrophilic aggregates mostly available in our country

It can be used even with wet aggregates thus enabling users to carry out work during the monsoon also

It does not need any pre-heating Thus results in case of handling for the user besides saving in cost

Energy saving amp control of pollution amp safety

During the last 10-12yrs the country was in quest for alternative of Hot mix technology especially to save our beleaguered environment besides curbing the use of imported petroleum oil and our precious forests supplying firewood Optimum use of Bitumen Emulsion can

preserve Petroleum Oil and in turn save our Environment and Foreign Exchange

Bitumen emulsion does not require petroleum solvent to make them liquid as in cut back and also it is not required to be heated like normal Bitumem

Methodology

VISUAL INSPECTION-

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS

BINDERrsquos AGING

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

UNEVENNESS OF SURFACING

BENKELMAN BEAM DEFLECTION

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS The pavement performance is largely defined by evaluation in the following

Roughness Surface distress Skid resistance Structural evaluation ndash Deflection

ROUGHNESSPavement roughness is generally defined as an expression of regularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect the ride quality of a vehicle (and thus the user) Roughness is an important pavement characteristic because it affects not only ride quality but also vehicle delay costs fuel consumption and maintenance costs

SURFACE DISTRESSSurface distress is any indication of poor or unfavorable pavement performance or signs of impending failure The general surface distresses can be grouped under the following three broad groups The distresses under each of the groups are also mentioned along with the unit of measurement in parenthesesbull Fracture ndash Cracking ( area cracked)bull Distortion - localized settlements and depression (depth in mm) rutting (rut depth in mm) and shovingbull Disintegration - raveling stripping potholes and patching ( effected area or no of pot holes per km length) Surface distress is related to roughness (the more cracks distortion andDisintegration - the rougher the pavement will be) as well as structural integrity (Surface distress can be a sign of impending or current structural problems)

SKID RESISTANCESkid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotating slides along the pavement surface (Highway Research Board 1972) Skid resistance is an important pavement evaluation parameter because inadequate skid resistance will lead to higher incidences of skid related accidents Skid resistance depends on pavement surface texture Skid resistance changes over time Typically it increases in the first two years following construction as the roadway is worn away by traffic and rough aggregate surfaces become exposed and then decreases over the remaining pavement life as aggregates become more polishedSkid resistance is generally quantified using some form of friction measurement such as a friction factor or skid number

DEFLECTIONPavement surface deflection measurements are the primary means of evaluating a flexible pavement structure Although other measurements can be made that reflect (to some degree) a pavements structural

condition surface deflection is an important pavement evaluation method because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic (type and volume) pavement structural section temperature affecting the pavement structure and moisture affecting thePavement structure Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation methods to determine pavement structural layer stiffness and the sub grade resilient modulus Furthermore pavement deflection measurements are non-destructive destructive in nature which adds on to the overall viability of usage

HOT MIX TECHNOLOGY Hot Applications

Heating of Binder at 1650c Heating of Aggregate at 150oc Production of mix at 1550C Tack coating at 1600C Laying of mix at 1300C Compaction of mix at 1200C

COLD MIX DESIGNCold mix design of MSS SDBC BM

Evaluation of Bitumen Emulsion Gradation and Properties of Aggregates Premixing Optimum Water Content Preparation of Marshall Specimens Testing of Marshall Specimens

CALCULATIONS Determination of Premix Water Content

Quantity of emulsion ( P) is determined as P = 005A+01B+05CWhereA = Percent aggregate retained on 28 mm sieve

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

Abstract

In this project brief description of cationic bitumen in construction of rural road base on cold mix technology is presented In this project we are going to do experimental work and what are the consequences we are going to identify The main item of work we are going to do is that construction of rural road based on cationic bitumen What are the advantage and disadvantages of this design we are going to differentiate Bitumen emulsion is a liquid product in which substantial amount of bitumen is suspended in a finely divided form of the size 4-10 microns in water in presence of emulsifiers

CONTENTS

1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2 Literature reviewhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

3 Methodologyhelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

4 Results and Discussions helliphelliphelliphellip

5 Conclusionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

6 Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Introduction

A stable dispersion of bitumen in water in continuous phase The bitumen globules are positively charged due to the NH3 group covers which is formed around bitumen droplets and provide stability for emulsion by electrostatic repulsion These bitumen droplets have can affinity with negatively charged aggregate which is usually available in India

Dispersion is obtained by processing bitumen and water amp water based solution under controlled conditions through a colloidal mill having a high speed rotor in the presence of scientifically selected surfactantsemulsifier Selection of emulsifier amp its quality is significant for emulsion stability its breaking amp curing when applied over aggregates

The Cationic Bitumen is chocolate brown and free flowing at normal temperature Once it breaks the bitumen breaks out and color changes t black An emulsion is said to break when the organic and the aqueous phase separate into two distinct layers ie the dispersion ceases to exist Emulsions are classified as Rapid Setting -1(RS-1) Rapid Setting-2(RS-2) Medium Setting (MS) Slow Setting-1 (SS-1) Slow Setting-2 (SS-2) The breaking time varies according to the designation of Emulsion although being largely dependent upon the climatic condition ie temperature humidity wind velocity etc

WHERE TO USE CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSION

Emulsion were first developed in the early 1920s however that emulsions as w know that today came to the fore due to its ecofriendly behavior amp other advantages the use of cationic bitumen emulsion has had a steady rise in demand worldwide including India

The INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS amp MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT amp HIGHWAYS have recommended the use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in several applications of road work like Tack Coat Prime Coat and Surface Dressing work 20mm premix carpet Sealing of cracks with fog seal etc Use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in SDBC works is also under consideration amp likely to get the necessary recommendation from MORTH amp IRC shortly

WHY USE BITUMEN EMULSION INSTEAD OF HOT BITUMEN

Superiority of BITUMEN Emulsion originates from its basic characteristic ie used in cold condition which gives ease amp efficiency in usage We can use Bitumen Emulsion in varying weather conditions and almost in every type of road construction work instead of conventional cumbersome hot mix method

Users Advantages

Because of low viscosity of the emulsion as compared to hot applied Bitumen The Emulsion has a good penetration and spreading capacity

CATASPHALT is electrically charged with built-in antistriping properties which gives better bondage with hydrophilic aggregates mostly available in our country

It can be used even with wet aggregates thus enabling users to carry out work during the monsoon also

It does not need any pre-heating Thus results in case of handling for the user besides saving in cost

Energy saving amp control of pollution amp safety

During the last 10-12yrs the country was in quest for alternative of Hot mix technology especially to save our beleaguered environment besides curbing the use of imported petroleum oil and our precious forests supplying firewood Optimum use of Bitumen Emulsion can

preserve Petroleum Oil and in turn save our Environment and Foreign Exchange

Bitumen emulsion does not require petroleum solvent to make them liquid as in cut back and also it is not required to be heated like normal Bitumem

Methodology

VISUAL INSPECTION-

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS

BINDERrsquos AGING

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

UNEVENNESS OF SURFACING

BENKELMAN BEAM DEFLECTION

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS The pavement performance is largely defined by evaluation in the following

Roughness Surface distress Skid resistance Structural evaluation ndash Deflection

ROUGHNESSPavement roughness is generally defined as an expression of regularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect the ride quality of a vehicle (and thus the user) Roughness is an important pavement characteristic because it affects not only ride quality but also vehicle delay costs fuel consumption and maintenance costs

SURFACE DISTRESSSurface distress is any indication of poor or unfavorable pavement performance or signs of impending failure The general surface distresses can be grouped under the following three broad groups The distresses under each of the groups are also mentioned along with the unit of measurement in parenthesesbull Fracture ndash Cracking ( area cracked)bull Distortion - localized settlements and depression (depth in mm) rutting (rut depth in mm) and shovingbull Disintegration - raveling stripping potholes and patching ( effected area or no of pot holes per km length) Surface distress is related to roughness (the more cracks distortion andDisintegration - the rougher the pavement will be) as well as structural integrity (Surface distress can be a sign of impending or current structural problems)

SKID RESISTANCESkid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotating slides along the pavement surface (Highway Research Board 1972) Skid resistance is an important pavement evaluation parameter because inadequate skid resistance will lead to higher incidences of skid related accidents Skid resistance depends on pavement surface texture Skid resistance changes over time Typically it increases in the first two years following construction as the roadway is worn away by traffic and rough aggregate surfaces become exposed and then decreases over the remaining pavement life as aggregates become more polishedSkid resistance is generally quantified using some form of friction measurement such as a friction factor or skid number

DEFLECTIONPavement surface deflection measurements are the primary means of evaluating a flexible pavement structure Although other measurements can be made that reflect (to some degree) a pavements structural

condition surface deflection is an important pavement evaluation method because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic (type and volume) pavement structural section temperature affecting the pavement structure and moisture affecting thePavement structure Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation methods to determine pavement structural layer stiffness and the sub grade resilient modulus Furthermore pavement deflection measurements are non-destructive destructive in nature which adds on to the overall viability of usage

HOT MIX TECHNOLOGY Hot Applications

Heating of Binder at 1650c Heating of Aggregate at 150oc Production of mix at 1550C Tack coating at 1600C Laying of mix at 1300C Compaction of mix at 1200C

COLD MIX DESIGNCold mix design of MSS SDBC BM

Evaluation of Bitumen Emulsion Gradation and Properties of Aggregates Premixing Optimum Water Content Preparation of Marshall Specimens Testing of Marshall Specimens

CALCULATIONS Determination of Premix Water Content

Quantity of emulsion ( P) is determined as P = 005A+01B+05CWhereA = Percent aggregate retained on 28 mm sieve

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

CONTENTS

1 Introductionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

2 Literature reviewhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

3 Methodologyhelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

4 Results and Discussions helliphelliphelliphellip

5 Conclusionhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

6 Referenceshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Introduction

A stable dispersion of bitumen in water in continuous phase The bitumen globules are positively charged due to the NH3 group covers which is formed around bitumen droplets and provide stability for emulsion by electrostatic repulsion These bitumen droplets have can affinity with negatively charged aggregate which is usually available in India

Dispersion is obtained by processing bitumen and water amp water based solution under controlled conditions through a colloidal mill having a high speed rotor in the presence of scientifically selected surfactantsemulsifier Selection of emulsifier amp its quality is significant for emulsion stability its breaking amp curing when applied over aggregates

The Cationic Bitumen is chocolate brown and free flowing at normal temperature Once it breaks the bitumen breaks out and color changes t black An emulsion is said to break when the organic and the aqueous phase separate into two distinct layers ie the dispersion ceases to exist Emulsions are classified as Rapid Setting -1(RS-1) Rapid Setting-2(RS-2) Medium Setting (MS) Slow Setting-1 (SS-1) Slow Setting-2 (SS-2) The breaking time varies according to the designation of Emulsion although being largely dependent upon the climatic condition ie temperature humidity wind velocity etc

WHERE TO USE CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSION

Emulsion were first developed in the early 1920s however that emulsions as w know that today came to the fore due to its ecofriendly behavior amp other advantages the use of cationic bitumen emulsion has had a steady rise in demand worldwide including India

The INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS amp MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT amp HIGHWAYS have recommended the use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in several applications of road work like Tack Coat Prime Coat and Surface Dressing work 20mm premix carpet Sealing of cracks with fog seal etc Use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in SDBC works is also under consideration amp likely to get the necessary recommendation from MORTH amp IRC shortly

WHY USE BITUMEN EMULSION INSTEAD OF HOT BITUMEN

Superiority of BITUMEN Emulsion originates from its basic characteristic ie used in cold condition which gives ease amp efficiency in usage We can use Bitumen Emulsion in varying weather conditions and almost in every type of road construction work instead of conventional cumbersome hot mix method

Users Advantages

Because of low viscosity of the emulsion as compared to hot applied Bitumen The Emulsion has a good penetration and spreading capacity

CATASPHALT is electrically charged with built-in antistriping properties which gives better bondage with hydrophilic aggregates mostly available in our country

It can be used even with wet aggregates thus enabling users to carry out work during the monsoon also

It does not need any pre-heating Thus results in case of handling for the user besides saving in cost

Energy saving amp control of pollution amp safety

During the last 10-12yrs the country was in quest for alternative of Hot mix technology especially to save our beleaguered environment besides curbing the use of imported petroleum oil and our precious forests supplying firewood Optimum use of Bitumen Emulsion can

preserve Petroleum Oil and in turn save our Environment and Foreign Exchange

Bitumen emulsion does not require petroleum solvent to make them liquid as in cut back and also it is not required to be heated like normal Bitumem

Methodology

VISUAL INSPECTION-

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS

BINDERrsquos AGING

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

UNEVENNESS OF SURFACING

BENKELMAN BEAM DEFLECTION

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS The pavement performance is largely defined by evaluation in the following

Roughness Surface distress Skid resistance Structural evaluation ndash Deflection

ROUGHNESSPavement roughness is generally defined as an expression of regularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect the ride quality of a vehicle (and thus the user) Roughness is an important pavement characteristic because it affects not only ride quality but also vehicle delay costs fuel consumption and maintenance costs

SURFACE DISTRESSSurface distress is any indication of poor or unfavorable pavement performance or signs of impending failure The general surface distresses can be grouped under the following three broad groups The distresses under each of the groups are also mentioned along with the unit of measurement in parenthesesbull Fracture ndash Cracking ( area cracked)bull Distortion - localized settlements and depression (depth in mm) rutting (rut depth in mm) and shovingbull Disintegration - raveling stripping potholes and patching ( effected area or no of pot holes per km length) Surface distress is related to roughness (the more cracks distortion andDisintegration - the rougher the pavement will be) as well as structural integrity (Surface distress can be a sign of impending or current structural problems)

SKID RESISTANCESkid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotating slides along the pavement surface (Highway Research Board 1972) Skid resistance is an important pavement evaluation parameter because inadequate skid resistance will lead to higher incidences of skid related accidents Skid resistance depends on pavement surface texture Skid resistance changes over time Typically it increases in the first two years following construction as the roadway is worn away by traffic and rough aggregate surfaces become exposed and then decreases over the remaining pavement life as aggregates become more polishedSkid resistance is generally quantified using some form of friction measurement such as a friction factor or skid number

DEFLECTIONPavement surface deflection measurements are the primary means of evaluating a flexible pavement structure Although other measurements can be made that reflect (to some degree) a pavements structural

condition surface deflection is an important pavement evaluation method because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic (type and volume) pavement structural section temperature affecting the pavement structure and moisture affecting thePavement structure Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation methods to determine pavement structural layer stiffness and the sub grade resilient modulus Furthermore pavement deflection measurements are non-destructive destructive in nature which adds on to the overall viability of usage

HOT MIX TECHNOLOGY Hot Applications

Heating of Binder at 1650c Heating of Aggregate at 150oc Production of mix at 1550C Tack coating at 1600C Laying of mix at 1300C Compaction of mix at 1200C

COLD MIX DESIGNCold mix design of MSS SDBC BM

Evaluation of Bitumen Emulsion Gradation and Properties of Aggregates Premixing Optimum Water Content Preparation of Marshall Specimens Testing of Marshall Specimens

CALCULATIONS Determination of Premix Water Content

Quantity of emulsion ( P) is determined as P = 005A+01B+05CWhereA = Percent aggregate retained on 28 mm sieve

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

Introduction

A stable dispersion of bitumen in water in continuous phase The bitumen globules are positively charged due to the NH3 group covers which is formed around bitumen droplets and provide stability for emulsion by electrostatic repulsion These bitumen droplets have can affinity with negatively charged aggregate which is usually available in India

Dispersion is obtained by processing bitumen and water amp water based solution under controlled conditions through a colloidal mill having a high speed rotor in the presence of scientifically selected surfactantsemulsifier Selection of emulsifier amp its quality is significant for emulsion stability its breaking amp curing when applied over aggregates

The Cationic Bitumen is chocolate brown and free flowing at normal temperature Once it breaks the bitumen breaks out and color changes t black An emulsion is said to break when the organic and the aqueous phase separate into two distinct layers ie the dispersion ceases to exist Emulsions are classified as Rapid Setting -1(RS-1) Rapid Setting-2(RS-2) Medium Setting (MS) Slow Setting-1 (SS-1) Slow Setting-2 (SS-2) The breaking time varies according to the designation of Emulsion although being largely dependent upon the climatic condition ie temperature humidity wind velocity etc

WHERE TO USE CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSION

Emulsion were first developed in the early 1920s however that emulsions as w know that today came to the fore due to its ecofriendly behavior amp other advantages the use of cationic bitumen emulsion has had a steady rise in demand worldwide including India

The INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS amp MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT amp HIGHWAYS have recommended the use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in several applications of road work like Tack Coat Prime Coat and Surface Dressing work 20mm premix carpet Sealing of cracks with fog seal etc Use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in SDBC works is also under consideration amp likely to get the necessary recommendation from MORTH amp IRC shortly

WHY USE BITUMEN EMULSION INSTEAD OF HOT BITUMEN

Superiority of BITUMEN Emulsion originates from its basic characteristic ie used in cold condition which gives ease amp efficiency in usage We can use Bitumen Emulsion in varying weather conditions and almost in every type of road construction work instead of conventional cumbersome hot mix method

Users Advantages

Because of low viscosity of the emulsion as compared to hot applied Bitumen The Emulsion has a good penetration and spreading capacity

CATASPHALT is electrically charged with built-in antistriping properties which gives better bondage with hydrophilic aggregates mostly available in our country

It can be used even with wet aggregates thus enabling users to carry out work during the monsoon also

It does not need any pre-heating Thus results in case of handling for the user besides saving in cost

Energy saving amp control of pollution amp safety

During the last 10-12yrs the country was in quest for alternative of Hot mix technology especially to save our beleaguered environment besides curbing the use of imported petroleum oil and our precious forests supplying firewood Optimum use of Bitumen Emulsion can

preserve Petroleum Oil and in turn save our Environment and Foreign Exchange

Bitumen emulsion does not require petroleum solvent to make them liquid as in cut back and also it is not required to be heated like normal Bitumem

Methodology

VISUAL INSPECTION-

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS

BINDERrsquos AGING

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

UNEVENNESS OF SURFACING

BENKELMAN BEAM DEFLECTION

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS The pavement performance is largely defined by evaluation in the following

Roughness Surface distress Skid resistance Structural evaluation ndash Deflection

ROUGHNESSPavement roughness is generally defined as an expression of regularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect the ride quality of a vehicle (and thus the user) Roughness is an important pavement characteristic because it affects not only ride quality but also vehicle delay costs fuel consumption and maintenance costs

SURFACE DISTRESSSurface distress is any indication of poor or unfavorable pavement performance or signs of impending failure The general surface distresses can be grouped under the following three broad groups The distresses under each of the groups are also mentioned along with the unit of measurement in parenthesesbull Fracture ndash Cracking ( area cracked)bull Distortion - localized settlements and depression (depth in mm) rutting (rut depth in mm) and shovingbull Disintegration - raveling stripping potholes and patching ( effected area or no of pot holes per km length) Surface distress is related to roughness (the more cracks distortion andDisintegration - the rougher the pavement will be) as well as structural integrity (Surface distress can be a sign of impending or current structural problems)

SKID RESISTANCESkid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotating slides along the pavement surface (Highway Research Board 1972) Skid resistance is an important pavement evaluation parameter because inadequate skid resistance will lead to higher incidences of skid related accidents Skid resistance depends on pavement surface texture Skid resistance changes over time Typically it increases in the first two years following construction as the roadway is worn away by traffic and rough aggregate surfaces become exposed and then decreases over the remaining pavement life as aggregates become more polishedSkid resistance is generally quantified using some form of friction measurement such as a friction factor or skid number

DEFLECTIONPavement surface deflection measurements are the primary means of evaluating a flexible pavement structure Although other measurements can be made that reflect (to some degree) a pavements structural

condition surface deflection is an important pavement evaluation method because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic (type and volume) pavement structural section temperature affecting the pavement structure and moisture affecting thePavement structure Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation methods to determine pavement structural layer stiffness and the sub grade resilient modulus Furthermore pavement deflection measurements are non-destructive destructive in nature which adds on to the overall viability of usage

HOT MIX TECHNOLOGY Hot Applications

Heating of Binder at 1650c Heating of Aggregate at 150oc Production of mix at 1550C Tack coating at 1600C Laying of mix at 1300C Compaction of mix at 1200C

COLD MIX DESIGNCold mix design of MSS SDBC BM

Evaluation of Bitumen Emulsion Gradation and Properties of Aggregates Premixing Optimum Water Content Preparation of Marshall Specimens Testing of Marshall Specimens

CALCULATIONS Determination of Premix Water Content

Quantity of emulsion ( P) is determined as P = 005A+01B+05CWhereA = Percent aggregate retained on 28 mm sieve

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

The INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS amp MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT amp HIGHWAYS have recommended the use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in several applications of road work like Tack Coat Prime Coat and Surface Dressing work 20mm premix carpet Sealing of cracks with fog seal etc Use of Cationic Bitumen Emulsion in SDBC works is also under consideration amp likely to get the necessary recommendation from MORTH amp IRC shortly

WHY USE BITUMEN EMULSION INSTEAD OF HOT BITUMEN

Superiority of BITUMEN Emulsion originates from its basic characteristic ie used in cold condition which gives ease amp efficiency in usage We can use Bitumen Emulsion in varying weather conditions and almost in every type of road construction work instead of conventional cumbersome hot mix method

Users Advantages

Because of low viscosity of the emulsion as compared to hot applied Bitumen The Emulsion has a good penetration and spreading capacity

CATASPHALT is electrically charged with built-in antistriping properties which gives better bondage with hydrophilic aggregates mostly available in our country

It can be used even with wet aggregates thus enabling users to carry out work during the monsoon also

It does not need any pre-heating Thus results in case of handling for the user besides saving in cost

Energy saving amp control of pollution amp safety

During the last 10-12yrs the country was in quest for alternative of Hot mix technology especially to save our beleaguered environment besides curbing the use of imported petroleum oil and our precious forests supplying firewood Optimum use of Bitumen Emulsion can

preserve Petroleum Oil and in turn save our Environment and Foreign Exchange

Bitumen emulsion does not require petroleum solvent to make them liquid as in cut back and also it is not required to be heated like normal Bitumem

Methodology

VISUAL INSPECTION-

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS

BINDERrsquos AGING

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

UNEVENNESS OF SURFACING

BENKELMAN BEAM DEFLECTION

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS The pavement performance is largely defined by evaluation in the following

Roughness Surface distress Skid resistance Structural evaluation ndash Deflection

ROUGHNESSPavement roughness is generally defined as an expression of regularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect the ride quality of a vehicle (and thus the user) Roughness is an important pavement characteristic because it affects not only ride quality but also vehicle delay costs fuel consumption and maintenance costs

SURFACE DISTRESSSurface distress is any indication of poor or unfavorable pavement performance or signs of impending failure The general surface distresses can be grouped under the following three broad groups The distresses under each of the groups are also mentioned along with the unit of measurement in parenthesesbull Fracture ndash Cracking ( area cracked)bull Distortion - localized settlements and depression (depth in mm) rutting (rut depth in mm) and shovingbull Disintegration - raveling stripping potholes and patching ( effected area or no of pot holes per km length) Surface distress is related to roughness (the more cracks distortion andDisintegration - the rougher the pavement will be) as well as structural integrity (Surface distress can be a sign of impending or current structural problems)

SKID RESISTANCESkid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotating slides along the pavement surface (Highway Research Board 1972) Skid resistance is an important pavement evaluation parameter because inadequate skid resistance will lead to higher incidences of skid related accidents Skid resistance depends on pavement surface texture Skid resistance changes over time Typically it increases in the first two years following construction as the roadway is worn away by traffic and rough aggregate surfaces become exposed and then decreases over the remaining pavement life as aggregates become more polishedSkid resistance is generally quantified using some form of friction measurement such as a friction factor or skid number

DEFLECTIONPavement surface deflection measurements are the primary means of evaluating a flexible pavement structure Although other measurements can be made that reflect (to some degree) a pavements structural

condition surface deflection is an important pavement evaluation method because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic (type and volume) pavement structural section temperature affecting the pavement structure and moisture affecting thePavement structure Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation methods to determine pavement structural layer stiffness and the sub grade resilient modulus Furthermore pavement deflection measurements are non-destructive destructive in nature which adds on to the overall viability of usage

HOT MIX TECHNOLOGY Hot Applications

Heating of Binder at 1650c Heating of Aggregate at 150oc Production of mix at 1550C Tack coating at 1600C Laying of mix at 1300C Compaction of mix at 1200C

COLD MIX DESIGNCold mix design of MSS SDBC BM

Evaluation of Bitumen Emulsion Gradation and Properties of Aggregates Premixing Optimum Water Content Preparation of Marshall Specimens Testing of Marshall Specimens

CALCULATIONS Determination of Premix Water Content

Quantity of emulsion ( P) is determined as P = 005A+01B+05CWhereA = Percent aggregate retained on 28 mm sieve

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

preserve Petroleum Oil and in turn save our Environment and Foreign Exchange

Bitumen emulsion does not require petroleum solvent to make them liquid as in cut back and also it is not required to be heated like normal Bitumem

Methodology

VISUAL INSPECTION-

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS

BINDERrsquos AGING

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

UNEVENNESS OF SURFACING

BENKELMAN BEAM DEFLECTION

DISTRESS MEASUREMENTS The pavement performance is largely defined by evaluation in the following

Roughness Surface distress Skid resistance Structural evaluation ndash Deflection

ROUGHNESSPavement roughness is generally defined as an expression of regularities in the pavement surface that adversely affect the ride quality of a vehicle (and thus the user) Roughness is an important pavement characteristic because it affects not only ride quality but also vehicle delay costs fuel consumption and maintenance costs

SURFACE DISTRESSSurface distress is any indication of poor or unfavorable pavement performance or signs of impending failure The general surface distresses can be grouped under the following three broad groups The distresses under each of the groups are also mentioned along with the unit of measurement in parenthesesbull Fracture ndash Cracking ( area cracked)bull Distortion - localized settlements and depression (depth in mm) rutting (rut depth in mm) and shovingbull Disintegration - raveling stripping potholes and patching ( effected area or no of pot holes per km length) Surface distress is related to roughness (the more cracks distortion andDisintegration - the rougher the pavement will be) as well as structural integrity (Surface distress can be a sign of impending or current structural problems)

SKID RESISTANCESkid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotating slides along the pavement surface (Highway Research Board 1972) Skid resistance is an important pavement evaluation parameter because inadequate skid resistance will lead to higher incidences of skid related accidents Skid resistance depends on pavement surface texture Skid resistance changes over time Typically it increases in the first two years following construction as the roadway is worn away by traffic and rough aggregate surfaces become exposed and then decreases over the remaining pavement life as aggregates become more polishedSkid resistance is generally quantified using some form of friction measurement such as a friction factor or skid number

DEFLECTIONPavement surface deflection measurements are the primary means of evaluating a flexible pavement structure Although other measurements can be made that reflect (to some degree) a pavements structural

condition surface deflection is an important pavement evaluation method because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic (type and volume) pavement structural section temperature affecting the pavement structure and moisture affecting thePavement structure Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation methods to determine pavement structural layer stiffness and the sub grade resilient modulus Furthermore pavement deflection measurements are non-destructive destructive in nature which adds on to the overall viability of usage

HOT MIX TECHNOLOGY Hot Applications

Heating of Binder at 1650c Heating of Aggregate at 150oc Production of mix at 1550C Tack coating at 1600C Laying of mix at 1300C Compaction of mix at 1200C

COLD MIX DESIGNCold mix design of MSS SDBC BM

Evaluation of Bitumen Emulsion Gradation and Properties of Aggregates Premixing Optimum Water Content Preparation of Marshall Specimens Testing of Marshall Specimens

CALCULATIONS Determination of Premix Water Content

Quantity of emulsion ( P) is determined as P = 005A+01B+05CWhereA = Percent aggregate retained on 28 mm sieve

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

SURFACE DISTRESSSurface distress is any indication of poor or unfavorable pavement performance or signs of impending failure The general surface distresses can be grouped under the following three broad groups The distresses under each of the groups are also mentioned along with the unit of measurement in parenthesesbull Fracture ndash Cracking ( area cracked)bull Distortion - localized settlements and depression (depth in mm) rutting (rut depth in mm) and shovingbull Disintegration - raveling stripping potholes and patching ( effected area or no of pot holes per km length) Surface distress is related to roughness (the more cracks distortion andDisintegration - the rougher the pavement will be) as well as structural integrity (Surface distress can be a sign of impending or current structural problems)

SKID RESISTANCESkid resistance is the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotating slides along the pavement surface (Highway Research Board 1972) Skid resistance is an important pavement evaluation parameter because inadequate skid resistance will lead to higher incidences of skid related accidents Skid resistance depends on pavement surface texture Skid resistance changes over time Typically it increases in the first two years following construction as the roadway is worn away by traffic and rough aggregate surfaces become exposed and then decreases over the remaining pavement life as aggregates become more polishedSkid resistance is generally quantified using some form of friction measurement such as a friction factor or skid number

DEFLECTIONPavement surface deflection measurements are the primary means of evaluating a flexible pavement structure Although other measurements can be made that reflect (to some degree) a pavements structural

condition surface deflection is an important pavement evaluation method because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic (type and volume) pavement structural section temperature affecting the pavement structure and moisture affecting thePavement structure Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation methods to determine pavement structural layer stiffness and the sub grade resilient modulus Furthermore pavement deflection measurements are non-destructive destructive in nature which adds on to the overall viability of usage

HOT MIX TECHNOLOGY Hot Applications

Heating of Binder at 1650c Heating of Aggregate at 150oc Production of mix at 1550C Tack coating at 1600C Laying of mix at 1300C Compaction of mix at 1200C

COLD MIX DESIGNCold mix design of MSS SDBC BM

Evaluation of Bitumen Emulsion Gradation and Properties of Aggregates Premixing Optimum Water Content Preparation of Marshall Specimens Testing of Marshall Specimens

CALCULATIONS Determination of Premix Water Content

Quantity of emulsion ( P) is determined as P = 005A+01B+05CWhereA = Percent aggregate retained on 28 mm sieve

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

condition surface deflection is an important pavement evaluation method because the magnitude and shape of pavement deflection is a function of traffic (type and volume) pavement structural section temperature affecting the pavement structure and moisture affecting thePavement structure Deflection measurements can be used in back calculation methods to determine pavement structural layer stiffness and the sub grade resilient modulus Furthermore pavement deflection measurements are non-destructive destructive in nature which adds on to the overall viability of usage

HOT MIX TECHNOLOGY Hot Applications

Heating of Binder at 1650c Heating of Aggregate at 150oc Production of mix at 1550C Tack coating at 1600C Laying of mix at 1300C Compaction of mix at 1200C

COLD MIX DESIGNCold mix design of MSS SDBC BM

Evaluation of Bitumen Emulsion Gradation and Properties of Aggregates Premixing Optimum Water Content Preparation of Marshall Specimens Testing of Marshall Specimens

CALCULATIONS Determination of Premix Water Content

Quantity of emulsion ( P) is determined as P = 005A+01B+05CWhereA = Percent aggregate retained on 28 mm sieve

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

B = Percent aggregate retained on 90 micron sieveC = Percent aggregate passing on 90 micron sieve

Fix quantity of emulsion P Prepare cold mix with varying water contents

( 2345 ) and visually examined for coating valueand workability

Premix water content is determined as watercontent at which coating and workability is maximum

Preparation of Marshall Specimens 1100g Blended Aggregates 4 water content Mix for wetting Addition of emulsion 789 into aggregates Mixing for uniform

coating Cold mix in mould Compaction with 75 Blows on each face Specimens Marshall

Specimen Curing for 3 days at 400C Testing for Bulk Density Stability flow Retained Stab at 250C

Benefits of Emulsions Based Cold Mixes1048766 Environment Friendly and Energy Efficient1048766 Construction feasible in rainswet and cold weather1048766 Extends construction period during a year1048766 Fast Production of Cold Mix1048766 4-5 times Faster Construction by Cold Mix1048766 15-20 Cheaper Roads1048766 Contain in built ant-stripping agent1048766 Prevent oxidative hardening1048766 Consume targeted Budget in time1048766 Labor Intensive - Creates Jobs for Villagers- MNREGA1048766 Labor Friendly Technology- Health Safety

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

CONCLUSION--

Cold mix can be laid on low to medium volume road as a green paveing mix

Curring rate and mechanical properties of cold mix can be improved

Mixture can be produced by using conveltional plant or by hand

Cold mix can be tried for paving mix in north east region of india

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1

Refernce1 CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL ROADS WITH CATIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONBASED COLD MIX TECHNOLOGY Dr NKS Pundhir Senior Principal Scientist E-mail pundhircrrinicin2 EVALUATION OF BINDER AGING AND ITS INFLUENCE IN AGING OF HOT MIXASPHALT CONCRETE LITERATURE REVIEW AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN by Charles J Glover ProfessorResearch Engineer Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Transportation Institute httpttitamuedudocuments0-6009-1