“Salve lucrum!” (Welcome $$$)

“Cave canem!” (Beware of dog)

The floor in the vestibulum often had a The floor in the vestibulum often had a tiled mosaic with messages for the visitor tiled mosaic with messages for the visitor like like

“Have!” (Greetings!)

Villa RomanaVilla RomanaHome for upper-class citizens. Home for upper-class citizens. Poor people lived in very tiny, cramped Poor people lived in very tiny, cramped

apartments. apartments. Front view of a villa Romana (reconstruction)

Model of villa Romana from the back.

Model of a typical “insula” or apartment building.

Where the poor lived.

Upper floors were made of wood=fire hazard.

8-10 people in one of two rooms=disease/filth.

1. Atrium: formal room for 1. Atrium: formal room for receiving guests. receiving guests.

Roman atrium

2. Peristylum: open area with in the center 2. Peristylum: open area with in the center of the house. Contained a small garden. of the house. Contained a small garden.

3.3. Vestibulum: A Roman house did not Vestibulum: A Roman house did not open directly onto the road, but into a open directly onto the road, but into a small passage way, the small passage way, the vestibulumvestibulum, the , the corridor which led from the main door corridor which led from the main door onwards into the onwards into the atriumatrium was called the was called the faucesfauces (#4) (#4)

5. Impluvium: pool in the middle of the atrium for catching and storing rainwater.

6.6. Alae: spare rooms with no specific use. Alae: spare rooms with no specific use.

6. Alae: spare rooms with no known purpose.

Triclinia (plural of triclinium)

7. Triclinium: dining room. Romans reclined and ate in these rooms. A large house would often have several triclinia.

Lectus

Romans reclined while they ate. They lay on lecti which were covered with cushions.

8. Tablinum: a large, open reception room 8. Tablinum: a large, open reception room connected to the atrium. connected to the atrium.

Tablinum

The tablinum is where the pater familias (Roman father) would conduct his daily business, meeting business associates, etc.

9. 9. Exedra: large dining and party room. The walls Exedra: large dining and party room. The walls

were often decorated with garden themeswere often decorated with garden themes. .

Mosaic from the floor of an exedra.

10. Taberna: 10. Taberna: large room on the front of the house large room on the front of the house with no access to the interior. Often used as shops, with no access to the interior. Often used as shops,

storage areas, even apartments for the poor.storage areas, even apartments for the poor.

Reconstruction of a Roman house with tabernae in the front.

View of the ruins of a Roman house with tabernae in the coastal town of Herculaneum.

11.11. Cubiculum: cubicula (pl.) were mainly Cubiculum: cubicula (pl.) were mainly used as bedrooms.used as bedrooms.

Reconstruction of Roman cubiculum.

Cubicula were often painted to make them seem larger or more elaborate.

12.12. Andron: passageway from the atrium to Andron: passageway from the atrium to the peristylum. the peristylum.

13.13. Posticum: entrance used by slaves or Posticum: entrance used by slaves or members of the household if they were members of the household if they were trying to sneak around. trying to sneak around.

14.14. BathroomBathroom

15.15. Culina: kitchenCulina: kitchen