salmonella and salmonellosis
DESCRIPTION
Salmonella and Salmonellosis. Maryanne E. Tocidlowski, DVM Houston Zoo, Inc. What is it?. Family Enterobacteriaceae Gram negative, rod bacteria, motile (most) Newer classification: 2 Species: S. enterica, S. bongori S. enterica - subspecies I, II, IIIa, IIIIb, IV, VI - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SalmonellaSalmonellaandand
SalmonellosisSalmonellosis
Maryanne E. Maryanne E. Tocidlowski, DVMTocidlowski, DVMHouston Zoo, IncHouston Zoo, Inc
What is it?What is it? Family Enterobacteriaceae
Gram negative, rod bacteria, motile (most)
Newer classification: 2 Species: S. enterica, S. bongori S. enterica - subspecies I, II, IIIa, IIIIb, IV, VI
By biochemical and antigenic reactions Subspecies II, IIIa, IIIIb, IV, VI and S. bongori usually
isolated from cold blooded animals and environment Older classification:
3 Species: Cholerae-suis, typhi, enteritidis Based on serologic and biochemical reactions Many serotypes of S. enteritidis
Serotyping – 3 antigen structures O (surface layer), H (flagella), V (capsule)
How does it work?How does it work?
Penetration of the bacteria into intestinal wall, produces a cytotoxin, marked inflammatory response with enterotoxins, then fluid feces
Who is affected?Who is affected? Anyone exposed – est 1.4 million
cases annually, 400 deaths Impaired immune systems Children (< 5 yo) – 5x more likely
to get infected Infants Elderly All animals
What are the signs or What are the signs or symptoms?symptoms?
Starts 12-72 hours after exposure Diarrhea Fever Abdominal cramping Can last 4-7 days
Systemic infections Occasionally long term illness
(Reiter’s syndrome)
Where do you get it Where do you get it from?from?
Worldwide occurrence Different subspecies vary in their
epidemiology Lives in the intestine of humans and animals Eating foods contaminated with salmonella
Of animal origin Vegetables Fecal-oral route
Estimated 6% of infections from contact with reptiles and amphibians
DiagnosisDiagnosis
Culture on selective media Biochemical reactions Serotyping
O antigen – outer layer of cell H antigen – filament portion of
flagellum V antigen – capsular polysaccharide
Is there a Is there a treatment?treatment?
Usually not treated, self limiting If systemic, can give antibiotics
Supportive oral fluids
Prevention of Prevention of SalmonellosisSalmonellosis
HANDWASHING !! No reptiles/young birds in
households with babies or children
Cook foods-No raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, meats, unpasteurized dairy products
Wash produce Handwashing
Prevention part 2Prevention part 2 Report cases to the local public health
departments Send isolates to City/County/State labs Ban on selling small turtles (< 4 inches) Treatment of municipal water supplies Improvement in farm hygiene,
slaughter plant practices, produce harvesting and packaging
Education of food handlers Irradiation of meats
WebsitesWebsites www.cdc.gov www.pueblo.gsa.gov/rc/
turtles.html www.textbookofbacteriology.net/
salmonella.html
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