saints, signs & symbols - a concise dictionary
TRANSCRIPT
\ SAINTS, SIGNSand
SYMBOLSby
W. ELLWOOD POST
Illustrated and revised by the author
FOREWORD BY
EDWARD N. WEST
SECOND EDITION
CHRIST THE KINGA symbol composed of the Chi Rho andcrown. The crown and Chi are gold withRho of silver on a blue field.
First published in Great Britain in 1964Fourteenth impression 1999
SPCKHoly Trinity Church
Marylebone RoadLondon NW1 4DU
© 1962, 1974 by Morehouse-Barlow Co.
ISBN 0 281 02894 X
Printed in Great Britain byHart-Talbot Printers LtdSaffron Walden, Essex
Acknowledgements
To the Rev. Dr. Edward N. West, Canon Sacrist of theCathedral Church of St. John the Divine, New York, who hasgraciously given of his scholarly knowledge and fatherlyencouragement, I express my sincere gratitude. Also, 1 wish totender my thanks to the Rev. Frank V. H. Carthy, Rector ofChrist Church, New Brunswick, New Jersey, who initiated myinterest in the drama of the Church; and to my wife, Bette, forher loyal co-operation.
The research material used has been invaluable, and I amindebted to writers, past and contemporary. They are: E. E.Dorling, Heraldry of the Church; Arthur Charles Fox-Davies,Guide to Heraldry; Shirley C. Hughson of the Order of the HolyCross, Athletes of God; Dr. F. C. Husenbeth Emblems of Saints;C. Wilfrid Scott-Giles, The Romance of Heraldry; and F. R.Webber, Church Symbolism.
W. ELLWOOD POST
Foreword ContentsEllwood Post's book is a genuine addition to the ecclesiological
library. It contains a monumental mass of material which is notordinarily available in one book - particularly if the reader mustdepend in general on the English language.
Books in this field are, too often, either written brilliantly andillustrated badly, or vice versa. This book contains some excellentdrawing combined with the most terse descriptive writing possible. Itwill prove to be a most practical reference work for all those who dealwith the Church's symbols, and it will add vastly to the information ofthose who already know much of this science.
The reader who is unacquainted with the language of symbolsmust approach the subject with the clear understanding that"naturalism" is the exact opposite of "symbolism." Once this isunderstood, the criterion of judgment on the effectiveness of anyparticular symbol and the suitability of its portrayal is firmlyestablished. On such a basis, this book is important.
EDWARD N. WEST
PageFrontispiece—Christ the King 2Acknowledgements 5Foreword 6Introduction 8
Color 8Abbreviations 10The Four Evangelists 11The Twelve Apostles 12The Holy Trinity 16God the Father 17God the Son 18God the Holy Spirit 19The Sacred Monograms 20St. Mary the Virgin 23Saints 24Crosses 56Stars 61Flowers, Fruits, Trees 62Old Testament 66Other Emblems 71The Church 77The Church Year 78Forms of the Nimbus 80Forms of the Nimbus and Aureole 81Borders and Corners 82Index 85
Introduction
This book is confined to illustrations of symbols used in the Church,along with identification and brief notes relative to color or traditionallegends. Canon West has furnished the colors suggested as well as someof the designs. Space permits only one illustration for each saint, thoughthere are usually several symbols by which that saint is known.
It is the purpose of this book to acquaint the reader with these em-blems and relate them to fact or legend in simple terms. Visual aidsprove helpful to teachers, pupils, and those engaged in parish efforts tobeautify the Church.
The ancient heralds expressed their messages with clean firm lines,good balance, proportion, and splendor of color. This form of art hasplayed an important role in the Church through the centuries, due toits ability to bring into focus important persons and facts in her history.
Acquaint yourself with the symbols that follow and go a step farther,too. Obtain reading material so that you may, even more fully, relatethe symbol to the life of the person or event represented. A broaderknowledge, and interest in efforts to make the House of God morebeautiful for him, should be the aim of all Churchmen.
COLOR
It is recommended that heraldic colors be clean, strong, and har-monious. For example:
Red: Use clear bright scarlet, not pink or terra-cotta.Green: Use vivid spring green, such as the color of grass or jade,
not olive or emerald.Blue: Use Prussian blue, not hot purply blue.
A general rule of heraldry is the avoidance of color on color or metalon metal. Gold and silver, referred to as "or" and "argent" in heraldicterminology, are metals. Golden yellow may be substituted for goldand white used in place of silver. The forementioned rule appears tohave some exceptions, as is also true of certain colors, where their mean-ing is apparently lost. Students and scholars of the science hold to theoriginal colors, in order to maintain tradition.
Following are generally accepted interpretations of the significanceof colors, as used by the Church:
Black Solemnity, negation-, sickness, death.Black and white Humility, purity of life.Blue Heavenly love, unveiling of truth. Traditional
color of St. Mary, the Blessed Virgin. In the Eng-lish Scheme of Liturgical Colors, blue is used inAdvent and on the Pre-Lenten 'Gesima Sundays.
Brown Renunciation of the world, spiritual death anddegradation.
Gold See white.Gray Ashes, humility, mourning.Green Spring, triumph of life over death, charity, regen-
eration of soul through good works, hope. Epiph-any and Trinity seasons.
Purple Royalty, imperial power (God the Father).Red Martyred saints, love, hate, sovereign power.
Pentecost.Violet Love, truth, passion, suffering. In the western
use, Advent and Lent.White (Gold) Innocence of soul, purity, holiness of life. Christ-
mas, The Epiphany, Easter, The Ascension,Trinity Sunday, the Transfiguration, All Saints,etc.
Yellow Dingy: Infernal light, degradation, jealousy, trea-son, deceit.
Religious Orders are sometimes represented by the colors of theirhabits.Black The Benedictines, Augustinians, Jesuits, Cowley
Fathers.Gray The Franciscans. Dark brown if the reformed
branch.White The reformed branch of the Benedictines, Cister-
cians, Praemonstratensians, the Order of theHoly Cross.
Black over white The Dominicans.White over brown The Carmelites.
The Four EvangelistsST. MATTHEW THE EVANGELIST,AP.M. —The emblem of the "Divine Man"was assigned to St. Matthew in ancienttimes because his Gospel teaches us aboutthe human nature of Christ. A gold angelon a red field.
Ap.Ab.Abs.Ar.B.C.Car.D.Dc.Emp.Eps.Ev.
AbbreviationsApostleAbbotAbbessArchbishopBishopConfessorCardinalDoctorDeaconEmperorEmpressEvangelist
H.K.M.P.Pen.Q.St.V.W.c.cen.
HermitKingMartyrPopePenitentQueenSaintVirginWidowaboutcentury
Note: Dates are shownby century and arebe understood at A.
toD.
ST. MARK THE EVANGELIST, M -The winged lion, ancient symbol of St.Mark, refers to his Gospel, which informsus of the royal dignity of Christ. A goldwinged lion and nimbus on a red field.
ST. LUKE THE EVANGELIST, M . -The winged ox, assigned to St. Luke, is areference to his Gospel, which deals withthe sacrificial aspects of Christ's life. A goldox and nimbus on a red field.
ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST, A P . -The ancient symbol of a rising eagle is saidto have been assigned to St. John becausehis gaze pierced further into the mysteriesof Heaven than that of any man. The man-ner of his death is not known. A gold eaglerising and nimbus on a blue field.
10 11
The Twelve Apostles
ST. ANDREW, AP.M., 1st cen. -The pa-tron of Russia, Scotland, and the Ecumeni-cal Patriarchate. According to tradition St.Andrew was crucified on an X shapedcross, known as a saltire or St. Andrew'scross, in Achaia. A silver saltire on a bluefield.
ST. BARTHOLOMEW, AP.M., 1st c e n . -
Armenia and India are believed to havebeen the areas of his missionary work. Heis said to have been flayed alive and cruci-fied. Flaying knives with silver blades andgold handles, on a red field.
ST. JAMES THE GREATER, AP.M., 1stcen. — The patron of Spain and of pilgrims.He is mentioned as the first of the disciplesto go on a missionary journey. The escallopshells refer to pilgrimage. Three gold shellson a blue field.
12
The Twelve Apostles
ST. JAMES THE LESS, AP.M., 1st cen . -This symbol refers to the tradition that St.James was cast down from a pinnacle ofthe temple in Jerusalem, stoned and sawnasunder by the Jews. A saw with silverblade and gold handle, on a red field.
ST. JOHN, AP.EV., 1st cen.-This emblemof St. John, the "Beloved Apostle," refersto the legend of a poisoned chalice beingoffered to him, in an attempt made on hislife. A gold chalice, a silver serpent, on ablue field.
ST. JUDE, AP.M., 1st cen. -The sailingvessel here represents the Church, whichSt. Jude (also known as Thaddeus or Leb-baeus) carried to many ports as he jour-neyed as a missionary. A gold ship withsilver sails, on a red field.
13
The Twelve Apostles
ST. MATTHEW, AP.EV.M., lstcen.-Themoneybags refer to the occupation of St.Matthew before he was called to followChrist. He was a tax gatherer known asLevi. Silver moneybags, on a red field.
S T . M A T T H I A S , A P . M . , 1 s t c e n . — C h o s e n , * •
by lot, to replace Judas Iscariot, St. Mat-thias served as a missionary in Judaea,where he is said to have been stoned andbeheaded. A battle axe with silver headand tawny handle, white open book withinscription "super Mathiam" in black ex-cept the upper case "M", of red, all on ared field.
ST. PETER, AP.M., 1st cen.-Because hefelt unworthy to die as had Christ, St. Peterrequested that his cross be inverted so thathe might look Heavenward as he was cru-cified. A gold cross, silver keys of the King-dom of Heaven, all on a red field.
14
The Twelve ApostlesST. PHILIP, AP.M., 1st cen . - I t was to St.Philip that Christ addressed his remarkconcerning the feeding of the multitude.(St. John 6, 7). The roundels represent twoloaves of bread. A gold cross, silver roun-dels, on a red field.
ST. SIMON, AP.M., 1st cen. -The com-panion of St. Jude on many missionaryjourneys, St. Simon was known as a greatfisher of men through the power of the Gos-pel. A gold Book, page edges of white, sil-ver fish, all on a red field.
ST. THOMAS, AP.M., 1st cen. -The pa-tron of builders. He is said to have built aChurch with his own hands in East India.The spear refers to the instrument of hismartyrdom. A carpenter's square with sil-ver blade and gold handle, spear with silverhead and tawny handle, all on a red field.
JUDAS ISCARIOT, 1st cen.-Thirtypieces of silver with a straw colored ropeon a black field.
15
The Holy Trinity
Shown above is the doctrine of the BlessedTrinity as clearly expressed by the earlyarmorists. It is fitting that this symbol beborne on shield or banner by churches dedi-cated to the Holy Trinity. The emblem issilver with black legend, on a red field.
CIRCLE WITHINTRIANGLE
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE TRIANGLE INCIRCLE
TRIQUETRA ANDCIRCLE
THE THREE FISHES INTERWOVENCIRCLES
16
God the Father
SOULS OFTHE RIGHTEOUS
HAND OF GOD
HAND OF GOD(Latin Form)
HAND OF GOD(Greek Form)
17
God the SonA G N U S D E I (TheLamb of God) with theBanner of Victory —St.John, having baptizedJesus Christ, said, "Be-hold the Lamb of Godwhich taketh away thesin of the world." Ref.The Gospel of St. John1:29 and 36, Revela-tion 5:13, and I Corin-thians 5:7.
A white lamb with goldnimbus showing threered rays, and a red crossupon a white bannersupported by a silverstaff with a gold crossat the top, all on a bluefield.
THE F I S H - A Christian symbol usedfrom the first century. The Greek wordfor fish, IX9Y2 upon which a rebus wasmade, is derived from the first letters of'Ir|oo0s Xpioros 9eo0 'Yui6s StoTi'ip "JesusChrist, Son of God, Saviour."
AGNUS DEI AND THE BOOK OF SEV-EN SEALS - The Lamb of God who aloneis "Worthy to receive power, wealth andwisdom and might and honor and gloryand blessings." Ref. Revelation 5:12.
THE PHOENIX-A legendary bird, usedin early times as a symbol of the Resurrec-tion.
THE FOUNTAIN-"On that day thereshall be a fountain opened for the house ofDavid and the inhabitants of Jerusalem tocleanse them from sin and uncleanness."Ref. Zechariah 13:1. (The heraldic formis shown.)
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God the Holy Spirit
THE DESCENDING DOVE-A white dove, of conventionaldesign, with three rayed nimbus, is the most appropriate tradi-tional symbol of the Holy Spirit. Ref. St. Luke 3:21-22-"Nowwhen all the people were baptized, and when Jesus also hadbeen baptized and was praying, the heaven was opened, and theHoly Spirit descended upon him in bodily form, as a dove, anda voice came from heaven, 'Thou art my beloved Son; with theeI am well pleased.'" Further Ref. St. Matthew 3:16, St. Mark1:10, St. John 1:32.
T H E S E V E N F O L D F L A M E - T h etongues of fire, a symbol of the power ofthe Holy Spirit as mentioned by St. Lukein The Acts of The Apostles 2:1-4.
THE SEVEN LAMPS-The gifts of theHoly Spirit which are:
Wisdom Ghostly strengthUnderstanding KnowledgeCounsel True godliness
Holy fear
19
The Sacred MonogramsThe use of certain groups of letters, de-
rived from Greek and Latin words, assymbols of our Lord Jesus Christ was in-stituted in the early days of the ChristianChurch. For example, the monograms illus-trated are based on the Greek words:
IHCOYC meaning Jesus.It was from IHCOYC that the familiarIHC was derived. This form of the mono-gram is preferred over IHS because of itsdate of origin.
XPICTOC meaning Christ. The ChiRho is composed of the first two letters ofXPICTOC.
NIKA meaning Victor.
The familiar first and last letters of theGreek alphabet, Alpha and Omega ( Aand n ), used in the Christian Church,denote the eternity and infinitude of God.The Alpha-Omega emblem is often usedin conjunction with another symbol, suchas a cross or crown, etc. to emphasizethis meaning.
IN RI The Latin words, "Iesus Nazare-nus Rex ludaeorum," or "Jesus of Naza-reth, the King of the Jews," which waswritten over the Cross of Christ, is repre-sented by INRI.Note: A horizontal, slightly curved lineover the letters indicates abbreviation.
IHC IN LATIN FORM IHC IN LATIN FORM
20
The Sacred Monograms
CHI RHO CHI RHO
CHI RHO with NIKA orNOSTER, Latin for Our Christ
CHI RHO
CHI AND GREEK CROSS CHI RHO WITH GREEK CROSS
21
The Sacred Monograms
CHI RHO WITH ANCHOR CROSS(From the catacombs)
AND ALPHA AND OMEGA
CHI RHO WITH ALPHA ANDOMEGA
ALPHA AND OMEGAAND ANCHOR CROSS
(Eternal Hope) ALPHA AND OMEGAWITH CROWN
(The Lord)
CHI RHO SIGMA OF CHRISTJESUS OF NAZARETH,
THE KING OF THE JEWS
22
St. Mary the Virgin
ST. MARY the Virgin,1st cen. — This emblem,suggestive of Mater do-lorosa, is a reference tothe words of Simeon,"Yea, a sword shall passthrough thine own soulalso."
Colors
A red heart with goldwings and pierced by asilver sword with goldhilt, on a field of blue,the Virgin's color.
THE L I L Y - A symbol ofvirginity and purity. THE FLEUR-DE-LYS-A
symbol of the Holy Trinity heraldic form,which is also used as a sym-bol of the Blessed Virgin, be-cause of its derivation fromthe Madonna's lily.
THE MYSTIC ROSE-Il-lustrated in its preferable
THE MONOGRAM OFTHE BLESSED VIRGIN-The letters of the name"Maria" are evident in thisancient symbol. A crownwas sometimes placed overthe monogram by Medievalartists.
fneruT
THE MATER DEI-Thisabbreviated form refers toSt. Mary as the Mother ofGod.
THE CRESCENT MOON— Shown in its proper posi-tion and form, the crescentmoon is significant of theglory of the Virgin Motheras borrowed from her son,Jesus Christ, the Sun ofRighteousness, even as themoon reflects the sun.
23
SaintsST. AGATHA, V.M., 3rd cen. -During theDecian persecution, St. Agatha, a Sicilianof noble birth, died under torture ratherthan break her vow of lifelong consecrationto Christ. Gold pincers on a red field.
ST. AGNES, V.M., 4th cen. -A young girlwho refused to abandon her practice of theChristian Faith and therefore suffered deathat the time of the Diocletian persecution.This symbol expresses her sacrifice for theFaith. White lamb, gold book, on a redfield.
ST. AIDAN, B.C., 7th cen.—A monk ofIona chosen to evangelize the northernEnglish, and consecrated Bishop of Lindis-farne. This emblem was assigned to St.Aidan for his ability to enlighten throughthe power of the Gospel. Gold torch withred flames tipped white, on a blue field.
ST. ALBAN, M., 4th cen.-The first Brit-ish martyr ('Protomartyr Anglorum') andthe abbey in Hertfordshire dedicated in hishonor, bear the same arms. A gold saltireon a blue field.
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SaintsST. ALPHEGE, AR.M., 1 lth cen. (St. Aelf-heah, St. Elphage) — The twenty-seventhArchbishop of Canterbury, who in an at-tempt to defend his cathedral city againstthe invading Danes, was captured and tor-tured. A soldier, filled with pity, ended thelife of St. Alphege with his battle axe. Goldaxe-head on silver handle, and field of red.
ST. ANNE, 1st cen. —The mother of St.Mary the Virgin, whose loving care of herdaughter is shown by the silver border ma-soned in black. The silver lily on a bluefield refers to the girlhood of the Virgin.
ST. AMBROSE, B.C.D., 4th cen.-Thescourges represent the strict discipline ofthe Bishop of Milan. The beehive refers tohis eloquence as he labored to maintain andclarify the need for proper respect of theChurch. He assisted in the conversion ofSt. Augustine and baptized him. Gold bee-hive, silver scourges on a blue field.
ST. ANSELM, AR.C.D., 12th cen.-Writerof the Christian classic, "Cur Deus Homo."This thirty-fourth Archbishop of Canter-bury, amid difficulties with royalty, guard-ed the spiritual independence of the Church(represented by the ship symbol). Goldship, silver sails, white pennants with redcrosses, white waves on a blue field.
25
Saints Saints
ST. ANTONY OF PADUA, c, 13th cen.(St. Anthony) — A member of the Order ofSt. Francis, whose phenomenal knowledgeof Holy Scripture, as indicated by the Book,combined with his eloquence, earned himthe honor of being called "The eldest sonof St. Francis." He died at the age of twen-ty-six. The lilies refer to his purity, thestems to his youth. Gold Book, silver lilieswith green stems, on a brown field.
ST. ATHANASIUS, AR.C.D., 4th c e n . -
The symbols shown indicate both the greatGreek Father's defence of Orthodoxy, andhis episcopal office. The triangle is gold,the pallium white with black crosses andblack decoration, all on a blue field.
ST. ANTONY OF EGYPT, AB.H.C, 4thcen. (St. Anthony)—The ancient Egyp-tian symbol, the Tau cross, refers to thedesert monastery founded by St. Antony,who, earlier in life, disposed of his wealthto pursue the solitary life of devotion toChrist. Silver Tau cross on a black field.
ST. ASAPH, c. 6th cen. -There is no rea-son known for the assignment of this em-blem to the Prior of Llan-Elwyn, a followerof St. Kentigern. The two keys have beenused traditionally, as they were engravedin the seal of Robert Lancaster, the Bishopof St. Asaph, 1411-1433. Other examplessubstitute a crozier for one key. Silver keyson a black field.
ST. AUGUSTINE OF CANTERBURY,AR.C, 7th cen. — Missionary to the Engles,member of the Benedictine Order, and the Ifirst Archbishop of Canterbury, is assignedthe cross and pall to indicate his archepis-copal rank. The lily of the Madonna is be-lieved to have been included because hedied in May, the month of Mary. Silvercross, gold pall, silver lily, on a black field.
I ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO, B.C.D., 5thcen. —A native of North Africa, convertedby St. Ambrose and educated at Carthage,the Bishop of Hippo was the writer of his"Confessions" and "The City of God." Thissymbol refers to his intense zeal and devo-tion to Christ. Gold heart aflame, on a bluefield.
ST. BARBARA OF HELIOPOLIS, V.M.,c. 4th cen. —The patron of the Artilleryand of those who follow dangerous trades.Legend relates that her father imprisonedher in a tower which was broken open by abolt of lightning. Silver castle with goldstreak of lightning, on a red field.
26
I ST. BARNABAS, AF.M., 1st cen. -One ofthe Apostolic Fathers, whose feast day inolden times was celebrated by young ladsand clerks bedecked with roses. This shieldis divided. Top and bottom rows are silverTudor roses on a red field. The center rowbears red roses on a silver field.
27
Saints
rrr
r
rrrrrrrt
A- rrr
rST. BEDE, c, 8th cen. -One of the greatmen of faith (to which this emblem refers),writer of the first ecclesiastical history ofEngland and the first to translate the Bibleinto English. He is referred to as the "Ven-erable Bede" in his epitaph. Gold pitcherwith the light from Heaven indicated bysilver rays emanating from the gold center,on a blue field.
ST. BASIL THE GREAT, B.C.D., 4th cen.— One of the Greek Fathers, Bishop ofCaeserea, and brother to SS. Gregory ofNyssa and Peter of Sebaste, was a prolificwriter and defender of the doctrine of theIncarnation of Jesus Christ. The emblemrefers to his building up the Church. Agold Byzantine church on a blue field.
ST. BENEDICT OF NURSIA, AB., 6thcen. — The Father of Western Monasticismleft to the monks of his Order his FamousRule. A gold sword with hilt forming across, white scroll tipped red, with red in-scription, "The cross of the holy father."(Benediciti is a play on the word Benedict.)All on a black field.
ST. BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX, AB.,12th cen. —Founded 163 Cistercian mon-asteries, assisted at innumerable peaceCouncils, preached a Crusade in Franceand Germany and wrote many treatisesand sermons. Three white mitres with goldbands, and a gold book, refer both to hiswriting, and to the fact that he was offereda bishopric three times. The field is blue.
28
SaintsS T . B L A S I U S O F S E B A S T E , B . M . , 4 t h * •
cen. —(St. Blaise) Known as the patron ofwool-combers, legend relates that he wastortured with the implement of their trade.It was the custom in England to celebratethe feast of St. Blasius until the early nine-teenth century. Silver wool-comb on a redfield.
ST. BONAVENTURE, B.C.D., 14th cen.— A Minister General of the FranciscanOrder, distinguished for his scholarly abil-ity and saintly manner, who was elevatedto the Office of a Cardinal. Gold cross andchalice with the white Host displayed, on ablue field.
ST. BONIFACE, AR.M., 8th cen. - The IArchbishop of Mentz established the foun-dation for Christianity in Germany. Hisemblem refers to his defense of the Gospelas he met the blow of death while con-firming baptized converts. A gold Book,sword with gold hilt and silver blade, on ared field.
ST. BOTULPH, AB., 7th cen. (St. Botolph)-A Benedictine abbey established by St.Botulph at Ikanhoe, England, is repre-sented here by the chevron and cross, indi-cating, possibly, that he was a builder of asacred structure. The waves represent thewater about his dwelling. (Ikanhoe, latercalled St. Botulphstown, was included inBoston.) A black chevron and cross, on ablue field with silver waves.
29
SaintsST. BRIGID OF KILDARE, V.ABS., 6thcen. (St. Bride) —It is said that the nunsof the convent she founded kept a fireburning in memory of her. However, itmay be inferred that this emblem refers toher good works, while the oak wreath rep-resents Kildare. White was the color ofher habit. A red lamp, green wreath, on awhite field.
ST. CATHERINE OF ALEXANDRIA,V.Q.M., 4th cen.— Patron of chastity andlearning. The wheel set with spikes refersto that mentioned in the legend, which issaid to have been broken by divine inter-position, when persecutors attempted tobreak her upon it. A silver wheel on a bluefield.
ST. CATHERINE OF SIENA, v., 14th•+ cen. —Among many diplomatic achieve-
ments, St. Catherine is known for effect-ing a reconciliation between the Florentinepeople and the Papacy. This emblem re-fers to her faith and charitableness. A redcross, gold heart, on a black field.
S T . C E C I L I A , V . M . , 3 r d c e n . - T h e o n l y •
apparent reason for her to be known as thepatroness of music is that St. Cecilia issaid to have been skilled in singing thedivine praises, oft accompanied by an in-strument. A gold harp with silver strings,on a blue field.
30
SaintsST. CHAD, B.C., 7th cen. (St. Ceadda)— The Bishop of Mercia is regarded as themissionary who introduced Christianity tothe East Saxons. His symbol, as used atLichfield, England, is quite unusual. Thesections shown as black in the illustrationare red, and the white sections are silver.
ST. CHRISTOPHER, M., 3rd c e n . - Amartyr of the Decian persecution was icalled "Christopher," which means "Christbearer" in its Greek form. His emblem re-fers to one of many legends. The lamp re-fers to St. Christopher carrying Christ, theLight of the World, to safety, and bearinga staff which bloomed in one night. A sil-ver lantern, gold staff, on a red field.
ST. CHARLES BORROMEO, AR.CAR.,•+ 16th cen. —Though born to wealth and
prestige, the Archbishop of Milan wasvenerated for his wisdom and humility.These qualities were most helpful in en-abling him to break the force of the refor-mation in Italy and Switzerland. Goldcrown, silver inscription, on a bli><" field.
ST. CHRYSOSTOM (JOHN), AR.C.D.,5th cen. —The great work of the Arch-bishop of Constantinople to overcomecrime, heresy, and corruption was inter-rupted by avaricious enemies who effectedhis exile, which lasted four years, andended with his death. A gold chalice upona gold Book, bordered silver, with a redbookmark, bordered gold, on a blue field.
31
SaintsST. CLARE, V.ABS., 13th cen. - The foun-dress of the Order of the Poor Clares,whose emblem refers to her dispersingSaracen invaders by facing them, bearingthe Blessed Sacrament, in defense of theconvent. Gold ciborium on a brown field.
ST. CLEMENT, B.M., 1st cen.-St. Paulmentioned the name of this Bishop ofRome as one of those whose names arewritten in the book of life. Banished underthe persecution of Trajan, he continued tominister to his fellow Christians, for whichhe was condemned, bound to an anchorand cast into the sea. A gold anchor on ablue field.
ST. COLUMBA, AB., 6th cen.-The foun-der of the island sanctuary of Iona. He andthe monks of his community performed agreat work, evangelizing and ministeringto the people of Scotland and northernEngland. A blue Iona cross on a whitefield.
ST. CORNELIUS, P.M., 3rd cen.-Al-though he successfully overcame the here-1sies of Novatian, he was exiled under Gal-lus. He is said to have died by the sword.The emblems are traditional. A gold cross,brown horn, on a red field.
32
SaintsST. CUTHBERT, B.C, 7th cen . -TheBishop of Lindisfarne, later transferred toDurham, whose arms are thought to havebeen suggested by those of Durham, with across of different form and the color of thecharges reversed. A gold cross, silver lions,on a blue field.
ST. CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA, AR.C.D.,5th cen. —He is assigned two pens, refer-ring to his divine authorship, and the IGreek inscription meaning, "God-bearer,"for his defense of the Blessed Virgin asupheld by the Church against the false doc-trine of Nestorius. Gold pens, white scrollwith black inscription, on a blue field.
ST. CYPRIAN OF CARTHAGE, B.M.,3rd cen. —The Bishop of Carthage was anorator and scholar. Though converted toChristianity at an advanced age, he pro-gressed rapidly to his high office, which hefilled with sincerity. He was beheaded byorder of Valerian. A silver double battleaxe with head of silver and tawny handle,gold crown, on a red field.
0EOTOKOC
ST. CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, B.C., 4thi cen.—The Bishop of Jerusalem, a teacher
and scholar, who triumphed in his struggleagainst Arian doctrines. The moneybag re-fers to a story that he sold the ornamentsof the church to provide food for the poor.Gold moneybag, on a green field.
33
SaintsST. DAVID OF THESSALONICA, H.,7th cen. —One of the two symbols asso-ciated with this famous and, in his ownday, extremely popular hermit-saint is aseated lion gazing out directly, silver, on ablack field.
ST. DENYS, B.M., 1st cen. (St. Denis, St.Dennis, or St. Dionysius the Areopagite.)— This emblem is said to have been theensign of St. Denys, the reputed author ofthe great mystical books. The Middle Agesaccepted it that he was martyred at thehands of pagans, in the area of Paris. Asilver cross and lions, on a red field. ST. DAVID OF WALES, B.AB., 6th cen.
— A reference to the legend of St. David.A vast assembly at a synod of Welsh bish-ops could not hear an important procla-mation. When David was requested tospeak, the ground where he stood arose,forming a mount, while a white doveperched on his shoulder and his voice washeard. A white dove with gold nimbus,blue pile, green mount, all on a silver field.
ST. DOMINIC, AB., 13th cen.-Founderof the Dominican Order, known as theFriar Preachers, whose members came tobe known as "The watch dogs of the Lord,defending the fold of the Church with thefire of the Holy Spirit." A gray dog, browntorch, red flames with white tips, on ablack and white field as illustrated, thecolors of the habit of the Dominican Order.
34
SaintsST. DOROTHY, V.M., 4th cen.-(St. Dor-othea) The patroness of gardens is partic-ularly well known in the little villages ofsouthern Europe. The symbol shown wasselected because it is descriptive of her zealfor the Faith. A gold torch, red flames withwhite tips, on a red field.
ST. EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, K.AB..11th cen. —The founder of WestminsterAbbey. These arms were designed for himlong after his death. The martlets arethought to have been suggested by thebirds that appeared on Edward's coins,representing the doves which stood at thetop of his sceptre. A gold cross and mart-lets, on a blue field.
ST. DUNSTAN, AR.C, 10th cen.-TheAbbot of Glastonbury, later made thetwenty-third Archbishop of Canterbury,St. Dunstan was sought by many eminentpeople for counsel. Through his efforts,respect for the Church was strengthened,and education of the people was advancedmorally and intellectually. As a gifted ar-tist he became the patron saint of gold-smiths. A gold covered cup, on a blue field.
ST. EDMUND OF EAST ANGLIA, K.M.,9th cen. —King Edmund was a humbleman and strove to secure peace for hispeople. He courageously faced the Danes,refusing to forsake the Faith or his people,and was slain by arrows. A gold crownand arrows, on a blue field.
35
SaintsST. EDWARD THE MARTYR, K.M.,10th cen . -At the age of twelve yearsEdward succeeded to the throne. He wasstabbed in the back by members of his step-mother's household, as he accepted a prof-fered cup of wine. A gold crown, sceptrewith gold head and silver staff, sword withsilver blade and gold hilt, all on a red field.
ST. ELIZABETH, 1st cen. -The Maltesecross represents the fruit of this vine, St.John Baptist. The two withered leaves atthe base of the stem refer to the unfertilityof St. Elizabeth in earlier years. A silvercross with gold stem and leaves, on a blackfield.
ST. ERIC OF SWEDEN, K.M., 12th cen.— Faith, mercy and justice are the attri-butes of St. Eric, as shown in his dealingwith the Finns. He met his martyrdom atthe hands of malcontents who had con-spired with the Prince of Denmark. Threegold crowns, a fountain — waves of silverand blue, on a red field.
ST. ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY,w.Q.c, 13th cen.— The three crowns referto the blessedness of St. Elizabeth as a vir-gin, wife, and widow, as well as her rank.She is said to have found solace throughouther life, by faith, prayer, and ministeringto the unfortunate. Three gold crowns, ona brown field.
36
SaintsST. ETHELDREDA, V.Q.ABS., 7th cen.
(St. Audrey) —An abbess of the monasteryfor men and women at Ely. She was in-stalled by St. Wilfrid, and St. Cuthbert wasnumbered among her many friends. Herfaith and charity are said to have been ex-emplary. Three gold crowns on a red field.
ST. FELICITAS, w.M., 3rd cen. (St. Felic-i ty)-The maid of St. Perpetua, who forthe Faith, met death with her mistress,during the persecution of Severus. Herbabe was born while she was imprisoned.St. Augustine referred to the loyal maidand her mistress as, "Perpetual Felicity."Gold sword hilts with silver blades, on ared field.
f
^ — .
ST. FAITH, v.M., 3rd cen . -The courageand example of St. Faith when she was putto death for refusing to deny her belief inChrist, effected the conversion of otherswho witnessed the spectacle. Assigned toher is the symbol of the Faith, the HolyTrinity, but with different colors. A goldemblem inscribed with black, on a bluefield.
ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI.c, 13th c e n . -It is said that St. Francis, the father of theFranciscan Order, for two years before hisdeath bore the marks of the Lord's Passionupon his hands, feet and side. A silvercross, red marks of the stigmata, on abrown field.
37
SaintsST. FRANCIS DE SALES, B.C.D., 17thcen.-The Bishop of Geneva, well lovedfor his gentleness and moderation, fol-lowed the example of Christ by convertingthrough love and patient understanding. Agold crown of thorns, silver heart with goldrays, on a blue field.
ST. FRANCIS XAVIER, c, 16th cen . -One of the first Jesuits, known by them as"the Apostle of India," and acclaimed thefounder of modern foreign missions. Hisemblem, a baptismal font, refers to themany conversions and baptisms he per-formed on his extensive travels. A silverbaptismal font on a black field.
ST. GABRIEL, ARCHANGEL-Thissymbol refers to St. Gabriel (the word"Gabriel" means "God is Mighty"), at thetime of the Annunciation, as the bearer of
I the message to St. Mary, (Luke 1:26-38),holding the spear of angelic power and theshield hailing the Virgin. The emblems areof gold, the monogram black, all on a bluefield.
ST. GEORGE, M., 3rd cen. —The patronof England, a Christian warrior who is saidto have suffered martyrdom in Palestine,during the Diocletian persecution. Hisshield was the badge of the English fromthe days of Richard Coeur-de-Lion on. Itis for this reason these arms are borne bythe Order of the Garter. A red cross on asilver field.
38
SaintsST. GREGORY THE GREAT, P.C.D.,7th cen. —The usual explanation of thisoutstanding example of heraldic fancy isthat the chief bears a red roundel with goldIHS representing the Host and red lionsguardianship, a reference to St. Gregory'sMass. Three bends refer to his establishing:a monastery, the primacy of his office andreform of church music (introduction ofplainchant). All on a gold field.
I ST. GILES, H.AB., 8th cen . -The King ofthe Franks, impressed with the goodnessof St. Giles whom he found sheltering adoe from hunters, set up a monastery forhim. The great militarist, Charles Martel,was also a patron of St. Giles. A gold doe,pierced by a silver arrow, on a green field.
ST. GREGORY NAZIANZUS, AR.C.D.,4th cen. —The Bishop of Constantinopleand defender of the Nicene Creed. His sym-bol is an embroidered lozenge worn byEastern Bishops, known as the epigona-tion. Orthodox piety says it represents thesword of the spirit. A gold epigonation, ona blue field.
1ST. HELENA, EPS.W., 4th cen . -Themother of Emperor Constantine. Her su-pervision of the excavation work on Cal-vary, in search of the True Cross, is stillcelebrated throughout the Church. Itshould be noted that in common with allEastern accounts, the principal emphasiswould have been mystical. A gold cross,on a purple field.
SaintsST. HILARY OF POITIERS, B.C., 4thcen. —One of the great doctors of theChurch, the teacher of St. Martin, and adefender of the Orthodox position againstArian influence. A silver pen with threegold books, on a blue field.
ST. HILDA, V.ABS., 7th cen.-St. Hildawas baptized by St. Paulinus. At the per-suasion of St. Aidan, she took charge of arecluse community, was made Abbess ofHartlepool, and later founded the monas-tery at Whitby. The coiled serpents referto the legend of her prayers changing dan-gerous snakes into stones. Gold serpents ona blue field. ST. HUGH OF LINCOLN, B., 13th cen.
-Saintly, statesmanlike Hugh of Avalonwas requested to become the third prior ofthe Carthusian monastery at Witham, es-tablished by Henry II. He later became theBishop of Lincoln. A wild swan, his pet, issaid to have followed him constantly abouthis house and grounds. A silver swan on ablue field.
ST. HUBERT OF LIEGE, B.C., 8th cen.— The symbol of St. Hubert is based on alegend similar to that of St. Eustace, whichstates that, while hunting, he was con-fronted by a white stag bearing a cross be-tween his antlers. A silver stag and cross,on a blue field.
40
Saints
ST. IGNATIUS OF ANTIOCH, B.M., 2ndcen. — A convert of St. John, reputedly con-secrated Bishop of Antioch by St. Peter,St. Ignatius was an important link betweenthe first and second centuries of theChurch. He was the writer of seven epistlesas he proceeded to his martyrdom whencondemned by Trajan. A gold heart withblack inscription, on a red field.
ST. IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA, c, 16thcen. — The Founder of the Society of Jesus,and writer of the "Spiritual Exercises."Gold "IHS" and rays, with the letters"AMDG" of silver meaning "To thegreater glory of God," all on a black field.
ST JEROME, CD., 5th cen. - One of theHour Western Fathers, along with SS.Augustine of Hippo, Ambrose of Milan,and Gregory the Great. He contributedcourage and wisdom in his defense of thetruth. His translation of the Bible intoLatin, known as the Vulgate, is in general,the version authorized in the Roman Cath-olic Church. A red cross on a silver field.
ST. JOAN OF ARC, V.M., 15th cen. (St.Jeanne) —There is no evidence that St.Joan bore these arms assigned to her byCharles VII, but they were borne by herbrothers who received the surname Du Lysfrom the King. A descendant family dis-plays the arms among their quarterings. Agold crown and fleur-de-lis, sword withgold hilt and silver blade, on a blue field.
41
Saints
ST. JOHN BAPTIST, 1st cen. -The lastof the Jewish prophets, who prepared theway for the coming of Jesus Christ. Heperformed many baptisms for repentance.(Christian baptism is for the remission ofsins.) The Maltese cross of silver, on ablack field, is also the emblem of the ven-erable Order of the Hospital of St. John ofJerusalem.
ST. JOSEPH OF ARIMATHAEA, c, 1stcen. —The thorn cross and the Holy Grailrefer to the legend that St. Joseph broughtboth to Glastonbury. The drops representthe sorrow of burial — indeed, anciently,the thorn itself was supposed to weep. St.Luke 23:50-56 gives an account ofJoseph's service to Christ. A gold cross,silver chalice, silver drops on a blue field.
ST. JOHN OF THE CROSS, c, 16th cen. -A native of Spain, trainedby the Society of Jesus, then a member of the Carmelite Order. Subjectto the rules of heraldry the white top half of the: cross refers to his purityof faith as reflected in his mystical theology; the red lower half of thecross refers to his witnessing under persecution. The black top halfof the field refers to the color of the Jesuit cassock. The lower half ofthe divided field displays the colors'of the Cannelite habit, white at theleft and light brown at the right.
42
SaintsST. JOSEPH OF NAZARETH, 1st cen . -The only record of St. Joseph is found inthe Gospels where it states that he was ajust man, of Davidic descent, who workedas a carpenter. A gold handled carpenter'ssquare with silver blade, silver lily of theMadonna, on a blue field.
ST. JULIAN OF LE MANS, B., 3rd cen.— This saint was commemorated by theNormans; his name became popular inEngland after the Conquest. St. Julian'scross is an extremely ancient symbol. Thereason for its choice is quite unknown. It is,technically, a cross-crosslet saltirewise,blue, on a silver shield.
• « S T . J U L I A O F C O R S I C A , V . M . , 5 t h c e n .
— A Christian girl slave to a pagan, whorefused to disembark at Corsica, while onvoyage with her master. This enraged thechief of a savage tribe there, and he hadher seized. She was hanged from a crossfor not complying with the request thatshe renounce her faith. A gold cross, tanrope, on a red field.
ST. JUSTIN, M., 2nd cen.-The founderof the science of Christian apologetics, andreferred to as the first of the ApostolicFathers. His pagan enemies, enraged at hisdefense of the Faith, arranged his condem-nation. A gold pen, sword with gold hiltand silver blade, on a red field.
43
SaintsST. KENTIGERN, B., 7th cen . -A friendof St. Columba. He was frequently calledMungo (Dearest). This emblem refers tothe legend that, through the prayers of St.Kentigern, an indiscreet queen's ring wasrecovered from a freshly hooked salmon.A silver fish, silver ring, on a blue field.
ST. KILIAN, B.M., 7th c e n . - While sing-ing the Divine Office in the church at Fran-conia, St. Kilian and two companions metmartyrdom at the hands of assassins. Agold cross and swords with gold hilts andsilver blades, on a red field.
ST. LEO, P.C.D., 5th cea . -The author ofrespected theological treatises and a manof spiritual courage. Twice he advanced tomeet invaders and arranged for the safetyof his people. Even Attila was discouragedfrom entering Rome when confronted bythe majestic presence and eloquence of St.Leo. A silver mitre with gold infulae, pick-axe with gold head and silver handle, on ablue field.
ST. LAURENCE, DC.M., 3rd cen.-Thearchdeacon of Rome who, when ordered todeliver the treasures of the Church to paganauthorities, produced the poor and sick ofthe Christian community as the richesttreasures of the Church. He was con-demned and burned to death over a grid-iron, retaining his cheerful attitude to theend. A black gridiron on a silver field.
44
SaintsST. LEONARD, H.AB.C, 6th cen.-Thechains of many a sinful soul are said tohave been broken through the prayers andpriestly ministrations of this kindly hermit.He is known as the patron of prisoners andthe sick. Gold chains on a black field.
ST. LOUIS, K.c., 13th cen . -A just king,devoted above all to serving God. St. Louis,with loyal followers, set out to crusadeagainst the Moslems. They suffered greatly,and the king delivered himself as a prisonerto spare further harm to his men. He wasset free, and later planned another cam- •paign, but died before it was accomplished.A black crown of thorns, gold fleur-de-lison a blue field.
ST. LUCIEN OF ANTIOCH, B.M., 4thcen. — The dolphin refers to Christ bearingthe soul of St. Lucien to Heaven. Thisnoble servant, as he lay dying under tor-ture, served fellow sufferers the'Eucharistusing his breast as an altar. A gold dolphin,on a red field.
• < S T . L U C Y , V . M . , 4 t h c e n . - T h i s w e a l t h y
Sicilian maiden was, after torture, killed bya sword thrust through her throat. The em-blem refers to her continuing devotion toChrist — an early symbol of martyrdom, de-riving possibly from the Parable of theWise and Foolish Virgins. A gold lamp,red flames tipped white, on a blue field.
45
SaintsST. MARGARET OF ANTIOCH, V.M.,4th cen. (St. Marina) —One legend under-stood mystically by the Medieval Churchrelates that this saint, when under persecu-tion, was confronted by a dragon (Satan)which devoured her. The cross she woregrew so large in his mouth that sheemerged unharmed. A gold cross anddragon, on a blue field.
ST. MARGARET, Q., 11th c e n . - iThrough her devotion to the Faith, St.Margaret influenced Malcolm III to ruleover Scotland with mercy and justice,while she ministered to the poor and suffer-ing. Her feast is still celebrated by theScottish people. A black Greek cross andsilver saltire, on a blue field.
\
ST. MARTHA, v., 1st cen.-St. Martha ismentioned (Luke 10:38-42) as servingChrist with refreshment. A covered tablewith blue cloth and white stripe, darkbrown cups, pitcher and bowl containingred fruit. The exposed wood of the table isalso dark brown. All on a silver field.
ST. MARTIN, B.C., c. 5th cen. -Esteemedby the people of Tours, St. Martin was con-secrated as Bishop of that city, despite theobjections of certain of the clergy. St.Martin fulfilled his office most adequately.It is believed that English armorists as-signed these arms to him, having been mis-led by a similarity of his name to that of awell known French family. A gold etcar-buncle on a blue field.
46
SaintsST. MARY MAGDALENE, PEN., 1st cen. I— As mentioned in the Gospel of St. John,St. Mary (whom the iconographers havealways identified with Mary, the sister ofMartha and Lazarus) anointed the Lordwith precious ointment of spikenard Hencethe white ointment pot with gold cover andbase, on a divided field of purple, for peni-tence, and black, for mourning, bestrewnwith silver teardrops.
ST. MICHAEL, ARCHANGEL - The leaderof the celestial armies and guardian of thesouls of men. This emblem (as assigned inHarl. MS, 5852, in the British Museum) istraditional, although the explanation is ap-parently lost. The cross is sometimes shownwith trefoiled ends. A red cross, as illus-trated, on a silver field.
ST. NEOT, c, 9th cen.-St . Neot was ascholarly monk who dwelled in a modesthermitage. Through his influence, KingAlfred the Great is said to have contributedmuch to the educational development ofthe nation. A tan hind on a silver field.
l ST. NICHOLAS OF MYRA, B.C., 4th cen.-The" patron of children. The Bishop ofMyra is said to have overheard a conversa-tion which made it clear that, because ofpoverty, a family was about to be forced tosell its children as slaves. He secretly threwthree purses of gold into their house. Threegold roundels (bezants) on a blue field.
47
Saints
ST. NILUS, AB., 10th cen.-St. Nilus, aGreek, was the gentle, humble abbot ofGrotta Ferrata, near Rome. He refused theBishopric of Rossana, preferring his simplelife of devotion and service to Christ as hewilled. A sanctuary lamp of gold on ablack field.
ST. OSMUND, B.C., 11th cen.-Throughthe efforts of this Bishop of Salisbury,many churches were erected and beauti-fied, and a uniformity of service wasbrought about in his diocese. This rite, theSarum Use, spread to other churches andwas used up to the reformation. The firstPrayer Book in English drew heavily on it.A black saltire on a gold field.
ST. NORBERT, AR., 12th cen . -A mem-ber of the court of the Emperor Henry IV,who was converted. He later founded theOrder of the Praemonstratensians, a branchof the Augustinians, which spread to aconsiderable extent over England. He wasmade Archbishop of Magdeburg, Ger-many. A gold ciborium on a black field.
ST. PATRICK, B.C., 5th cen.-TheApostle of Ireland. St. Patrick spoke ofhimself both as a Roman and a Briton.The exact place of his birth is not known.At the age of fifteen, after a raid, he wascarried off to Ireland. When released hetraveled abroad, studied and received HolyOrders. He returned to Ireland as a bishop.A red saltire on a silver field.
48
SaintsST. PAUL, A.M., 1st cen. —The Apostle tothe Gentiles. St. Paul's symbol, as assignedby medieval heralds, is two swords crossedsaltirewise. Equally suitable is the emblemshown. A white book opened to display theinscription, "The Sword of the Spirit," inblack with red upper case letters, and asilver sword with gold hilt, on a red field.
ST. PETER NOLASCO, 13th cen.-The Ifirst Superior of the Confraternity of Mercyat the time Spain was in danger from theMoors. The Order was able to effect .thereturn of thousands of captive Christians totheir homes. The bell refers to the call ofthose in need of assistance. A gold bell,silver rays, on a black field.
ST. PERPETUA, M., C. 3rd cen . -Ayoung-matron who had just given birth toher first child, St. Perpetua bravely refusedto retract the Faith, when imprisoned withher loyal maid Felicitas. They were de-nounced for taking instruction preparatoryto being baptized. A gold dragon, silverladder on a red field.
CREDO
•* ST. PETER OF VERONA, M., 13th cen.— St. Peter, professed in the DominicanOrder, eloquently upheld that portion ofthe Creed which states, "God made Heavenand Earth." Struck with a hatchet andstabbed by his opponents, he loyally tracedon the ground, "Credo in Deum," (I believein God). A gold sword on red section offield {line of separation shown), "Credo"in red on silver portion of field.
49
Saints SaintsST. POLYCARP, B.M., 2nd cen. -TheBishop of Smyrna was condemned to deathby burning. The flames refused to do theirtask, billowing about like sails, exposingthe bishop's figure in a radiant light. A sol-dier used his spear to end the spectacle.Outside flame of blue, middle flame of graytipped white, fire flame of yellow tippedred, brown logs, all on a silver field.
ST. PRISCA, V.M., 1st cen. — A Christianchild of Rome, said to have been exposedto a ferocious lion in the arena, at the timeof the Emperor Claudius. To the dismay ofthe idolators the lion crouched at her feetand refused to harm her. She was led backto prison and later beheaded. A red lion ona white field.
ST. REMIGIUS OF REIMS, B.C., 6th cen.-Through the efforts of the Bishop ofReims, the Frankish nation became astrong Orthodox nucleus in the West. Theampulla represents the vessel containingthe Holy Oil used at the coronation ofKing Clovis. A gold ampulla on a bluefield.
ST. RAPHAEL, ARCHANGEL-The chiefof the guardian angels who represents theHigh Priestly Office of Jesus Christ. Theemblem shown includes two symbols of hiscare. A silver staff, gold wallet, on a bluefield.
ST. ROMUALD, AB., 11th cen.-Thisgood abbot, in order to change the locationof his hermitage, was forced to feign mad-ness. He later founded the Order of Camal-doli. The ladder refers to his spiritualascent. A gold ladder on a black field.
ST. SCHOLASTICA, V.ABS., 6th c e n . - * -The sister of St. Benedict, and founder of aBenedictine convent not far from MonteCassino. It is related that St. Benedict hada vision of a dove rising just before he re-ceived word of her death. A white dove ona blue field.
ST. SABBAS, AB., 6th cen. (St. Sabas)-The humility of St. Sabbas, the famousPalestinian monk, proved invincible,though he rose to great power in Churchand State. It was said that his fear of Godwas so great that he could fear no man. Asilver lion on a black field.
ST. SEBASTIAN, M., 4th cen. —A com-mander of the army in Milan, Sebastian ex-erted his influence to strengthen and savefellow Christians during the Diocletian per-secution. He was denounced and orderedshot to death with arrows, but when it wasdiscovered that he was still alive, he wasbeaten to death. Gold arrows on a red field.
50
Saints
ST. SIMEON STYLITES, c, 5th c e n . -Desirous of becoming a true penitent, St.Simeon mounted a pillar and remainedthere, preaching, praying, fasting, and ef-fecting conversions. A silver pillar, goldscourges, on a black field.
ST. STEPHEN, DC.M., 1st cen.-Thesearms, evidently of French origin, are dis-played at Dijon. The stones refer to themanner of his death and the palm to hisspiritual victory. A gold palm branch, sil-ver stones, on a red field.
ST. SYLVESTER, B.C., 4th cen. (St. Sil-vester)—The Bishop of Rome, during animportant period of the early Church, wasknown-chiefly for the introduction of stablediscipline. Hence the emblem which refersto his Office. A silver cross on a blue field.
ST. SWITHUN, B., 9th cen. - T h e chargesof this shield of the famous Bishop of Win-chester refer to the weather legend regard-ing the festival of the bishop's translation.Rain is represented by silver drops on theblue chief, (top section of field). Threegreen apples on a silver field is an allusionto the legend that the harvest is bountifulif St. Swithun wets the orchards.
52
SaintsST. THAIS, PEN., 4th c e n . - A beautifulChristian-bred courtesan, named Thais,who had caused much strife among theyouth of Alexandria, expressed her shameand was assigned the penance of repeating,"Thou who hast made me and redeemedme by thy Passion, have mercy on me." Awhite scroll, black inscription with red up-per case "Q," on a violet field.
ST. THERESA, v., 16th c e n . - A Carmel-ite nun who left her cloister at Avila andset up a reformed Carmelite Order in Spainand Portugal. She endured much sufferingwith a joyful heart. A gold heart with redIHS and silver rays, on a black field.
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS, C.D., 13th cen.— This symbol, "the Sun in Splendor withthe Eye," refers to God the Father. It wasthrough his divine inspiration that St.Thomas accomplished his great theologicalwork, the Summa Theologica, and others.A gold Sun in Splendor with the Eye, on ablack field.
ST. THOMAS OF CANTERBURY,AR.M., 12th cen. —St. Thomas (ThomasBecket), the thirty-eighth Archbishop ofCanterbury, who vigorously opposed HenryII in the struggle between Church andState. The Cornish choughs are said to havebeen known as St. Thomas' birds in medi-eval days. Black choughs with red legs andbeaks, on a silver field.
53
Saints•4 ST. TIMOTHY, B.M., 1st cen.-The in-
struments of his martyrdom are wellknown. It was to St. Timothy that St. Paul,his teacher, wrote the two Epistles whichare part of the New Testament. A goldclub, silver stones, on a red field.
ST. URSULA, V.M., 5th cen.-St. Ursulais the patron of school girls. St. Ursula whowas of royal birth is said to have traveledabroad with a company of virgins. In theRhine vicinity they fell into the hands ofAttila's Huns, and she was put to death asshe tried to protect her companions. A redcross on a white banner, with gold fringeand staff, on a red field.
S T . V I N C E N T O F S A R A G O S S A , D C . M . , •
4th cen. — A deacon and protomartyr ofSpain, who suffered torture in the persecu-tion of Diocletian. Top section: a blackgridiron on a silver chief. Lower section: asilver dalmatic with red bands on a redfield.
ST. VICTOR OF MARSEILLES, M., 4thcen.-This symbol, the escarbuncle, (aniron support used for ancient war shields)
I refers to the courage of St. Victor, a Chris-tian soldier, who warned his fellowmen ofthe arrival of the Emperor Maximus, andencouraged them to meet their persecutorswith a dignity befitting the followers ofChrist. A gold spear, silver shield and escar-buncle, on a red field.
54
Saints
ST. WENCESLAS, K.M., 10th cen . -TheDuke of Bohemia, whose designing motheroverlooked him as the rightful heir of hisfather. He recovered his patrimony only tomeet death at the hands of an unnaturalbrother, as he was kneeling in prayer be-fore the Blessed Sacrament. A red banner,white eagle, gold staff, on a silver field.
ST. WILFRID. B.. 8th cen.-The shield ofSt. Wilfrid, the Bishop of York, was as-signed to him in the 16th century (c.) butcannot be definitely explained. To some,the lozenges suggest a fishing net, as hewas known as a great "fisher of men." Toothers, the points of tne lozenges refer tothe See of Rome with its seven hills. Sevenvoided lozenges of red on a gold field.
ALL SAINTS—The explanation for this emblem is as follows: Thegold crowns refer to sanctity, the gold scrolls with red inscription Sanctusallude to the chant of the redeemed, "Holy, Holy, Holy." The silver lefthalf of the field indicates the brightness of the Heavenly life in contrastto the black right half and the trials of the earthly life.
NOTE: In deference to the saints «nd martyrs whose names do not appear in this book, theauthor closes this section with the all inclusive symbol of All Saints.
55
Crosses
ADORNED
ANCHOR
ANCHOR
AIGUISEE
ANCHOR
It
AVELLAINE
ALISEE PATEE
ANCHOR
BARBEE
n
BEZANT BOTTONY CANTERBURY
56
Crosses
CELTIC
CROSS ANDTHORNY CROWN
CERCELEECHRIST THE KING
CRUCIFIX(ChristusRex)
CRENELLEE CROSS CROSSLET CROSS CROSSLETFITCHED
CRUCIFIX CRUX ANSATA
EASTER ENTRAILED FLEUREE
57
Crosses
FRETTEE GLORY
GREEK IONA
FLEURETTE FOUR ERMINE SPOTS FOUR PHEONS
GRADED(Calvary)
JERUSALEM
LATIN LORRAINE MALTESE
58
.rosses
MILLRINE MOLINE PAPAL
#tPARTED AND FRETTY PASSION
*PATEE
PATEE FITCHED PATEE FITCHED PATEE FITCHEDAT FOOT
PATONCE PATRIARCHAL
59
Crosses Stars
POMMEE POTENT QUADRATE
RAGULEE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX ST. ANDREW'S(Saltire)
ST. CHAD'S ST. JULIAN'S ST. PETER'S NINE FRUITS OF THE SPIRIT SEVEN GIFTS OF THE SPIRIT
T +SOVEREIGNTY(Cross and Orb^
TAU(St. Anthony's)
WAVY REGENERATION TWELVE TRIBES OF ISRAEL
60 61
1.
4.
Flowers, Fruits, Trees
I. ACACIA 2. ALMOND 3. ANEMONE
4. APPLE 5. BRAMBLE 6. BULRUSH
7. CARNATION 8. CHERRY
ACACIA—Immortality of the soul. When the bush is treated with three heraldicflames, it represents the call of Moses.ALMOND—Divine approval or favor. Ref.—NUM. 17:1-8 explains the use of thealmond as the symbol for St. Mary the Virgin.ANEMONE—A symbol of the Trinity during the days of the early Christian Church.Later, used in the scenes of the Crucifixion.APPLE—Salvation, when shown in the hands of Jesus Christ or the Blessed Virgin;sin when shown in the hands of Adam. Also a symbol of St. Dorothea when threeapples are shown.
5. BRAMBLE—Believed to be the burning bush that was not consumed as mentionedExodus 3:2. (See Acacia)
6. BULRUSH—Hope of salvation to the faithful. Ref. Job 8:11.7. CARNATION—A red carnation—pure love.8. CHERRY—The symbol of good works.
Flowers, Fruits, Trees
9. CHRISTMAS ROSE 10. CLOVER I I . COLUMBINE
12. DAISY 13. DANDELION 14. GLASTONBURY THORN
15. GRAPES 16. HOLLY
9. CHRISTMAS ROSE—The Nativity.10. CLOVER—The Trinity.
COLUMBINE—Because the flower resembles a dove, it is a symbol of the HolySpirit. Also refer to Isaiah 11:2.DAISY—Innocency as used in the early 16th century paintings of the adoration.DANDELION—Appears in early paintings as a symbol of the Passion.GLASTONBURY THORN—The Nativity.
15. GRAPES—With wheat, generally denotes the Eucharistic wine.16. HOLLY—The Passion of Jesus Christ.
I I .
12.13.14.
62 63
Flowers, Fruits, Trees
17. IRIS 18. IVY 19. LAUREL
20. LILY 21. LILY OF THE VALLEY 22. NARCISSUS
23. OAK 24. OLIVE BRANCH
17. IRIS—Also known as the "Sword Lily," which was sometimes substituted by earlymasters for the lily, to portray the sorrow of the Virgin for the Passion of the LordJesus Christ.
18. IVY—Life eternal because of its continual green color. Fidelity because of the man-ner in which it clings to a support.
19. LAUREL—Triumph. Ref. I Corinthians 9:24-27. Suggestive of eternity because thefoliage does not wilt.
20. LILY—Purity; an attribute of the Virgin, also of St. Gabriel the Archangel.21. LILY OF THE VALLEY—Humility.22. NARCISSUS—The triumph of Divine Love.23. OAK—Faith and endurance.24. OLIVE BRANCH—Peace.
64
Flowers, Fruits, Trees
25. PALM 26. PEAR 27. POMEGRANATE
28. POPPY 29. STRAWBERRY 30. THISTLE
32. WHEAT
25. PALM—Spiritual victory. The Martyr's triumph over death. On p. 31 the symbol ofSt. Christopher includes the staff made of a palm tree.
26. PEAR—The Blessed Virgin. (This symbol is seldom used.)27. POMEGRANATE^—Fertility. The hope of immortality and resurrection. Because of
the unity of many seeds in one fruit, it is also said to resemble the Church.28. POPPY—Fertility. (Rare).29. STRAWBERRY—Righteousness. The fruitfulness of the spirit.30. THISTLE—Earthly sorrow and sin.31. VIOLET—Humility.32. WHEAT—Bountifulness; thanksgiving when displayed in a sheaf; the Eucharist
when combined with grapes or a vine.
65
Old Testament Old Testament
LABRAHAM ALTAR OF SACRIFICE
/ 1
IIm
f YVIVIIymKI
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS DANIEL
AMOS ARK(The Deluge, Gen. 6:14)
DAVID(1 Samuel 16:1-13)
DOORPOSTS AND LINTEL(Passover)
ARK OF THE COVENANT(God's Promise to Israel)
L JBURNT OFFERINGS
ATONEMENT
SEVEN BRANCH CANDLESTICK(The Menorah-O. T. Worship)
DOVE WITH OLIVE SPRIG(Peace; Forgiveness; Noah)
ELIJAH(2 King* 2:1-12)
DRAGON(Satan)
THE EXPULSION(Gen. 3:24)
67
Old Testament
EZEKIEL CLUSTER OF GRAPESAND STAFF
(The Entry into Canaan)
nnnnnHABAKKUK HAGGAI
HOSEA ISAIAH
ISAAC JACOB AND FAMILY
68
Old Testament
JEREMIAH JOEL
JONAH JOSEPH, SON OFJACOB
/—9LAMB
(The Pasch)MALACHI
>
MICAH THE CALL OF MOSES(Exodus 3:2)
69
Old Testament
NAHUM OBADIAH
PENTATEUCH(The Law)
SCROLL AND WHEAT(Pentecost)
SPREAD OF SIN TEMPTATION AND FALL OF MAN(Gen. 3:24)
ZECHARIAH ZEPHANIAH
70
Other Emblems
ALL SOULS-From the earliest days ofChristian iconography, numbers of doveshave represented the souls of the Faithful.The colors are those of All Soul's Day.Four silver doves on a black field.
•* CANTERBURY-The metropolitan See ofEngland. All successors of Simon blip,fifty-fourth Archbishop of Canterbury,have employed these arms which were en-graved on his seal. A gold crozier, silverstaff, white pall edged and fringed withgold and bearing four black crosses, all ona blue field.
CHRIST CHURCH-Thi* shield is identi-cal to that ihown at the Benedictine Prioryof Christ Church at Canterbury, except forthe colon. A gold crow with letter***"of Mack on a blue field.
71
Other Emblems Other Emblems
•* THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION-Based on dogma, the singular Grace of St.Mary, B.V.M. is celebrated on Dec. 8th.Gold crown, silver monogram, on a bluefield.
GETHSEMANE-Refers to the Garden ofGethsemane to which our Lord JesusChrist, with His disciples, retired after theLast Supper, and was later betrayed. Asilver cross, gold chalice on a violet field.
72
THE EUCHARIST-The central expressiveact of thanksgiving in Christian worship isrepresented by a gold chalice, white waferbearing IHS in semi-outline of brown, andover all a nimbus with tall points of goldand shorter points of silver, on a red field.
GOOD SAMARITAN, T H E - A refer-ence to the parable told by Christ, men-tioned in the Gospel of St. Luke 10:33-35.A silver oil pot, coins represented by twogold bezants, on a green field.
GRACE —One of the most ancient sym-bols of the Blessed Saviour is the anchor,which is always shown so that it forms across, combined with the first letter of Hisname in Greek (Xpictoc) to express ourFaith and Hope through the Grace of JesusChrist. Red symbols on a silver field.
HOLY CROSS, THE (The Holy Rood)-This shield or banner may be displayed bychurches of this dedication. It is permis-sible for the arms of the cross to be ex-tended to the edge of the shield or banner.The figure may be either that of our Cruci-fied Lord or Christ reigning from a tree, inthe ancient manner. (Illus.) A gold cruci-fix on a blue field.
73
Other Emblems Other Emblems
HOLY INNOCENTS-The starry crownof martyrdom and the lilies of purity referto babes slaughtered by Herod's order.Gold crowns, silver lilies, on a red field.
ST. JOHN THE DIVINE-This emblem,as used by the Cathedral Church of StTJohn the Divine, New York, N. Y., refersto the Book of Revelation 1:12, 1:16, and1:20. It displays seven golden candlesticks,"The seven churches," and seven silverstars, which are their angels, on a field ofblue. Together these symbols are the settingof the mystery of John's vision.
THE INCARNATION-The unicorn, amythical creature, gracefully portrayed, isa symbol of Christ's Incarnation and hissinless life. There are many famous exam-ples of this symbol in Christian art. A goldunicorn on a red field.
ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL-The inter-woven symbols of SS. Peter and Paul, illus-trated here, are used at Winchester, wherethe cathedral church is dedicated to thesesaints. The gold key is always shown lyingover the sword blade. Gold key and silverkey, silver sword with gold hilt, on a redfield.
THE NATIVITY-The flowering of thestaff believed to have been planted by St.Joseph of Arimathaea, when he took asy-lum in Glastonbury, was the source of greatwonderment in early days, because theblooms appeared on or near Christmas Dayevery year. Therefore, the flower of theGlastonbury Thorn became related to theday on which we celebrate the Nativity ofJesus Christ. (Legend has it that the orig-inal tree was destroyed by a fanaticalPuritan, but that another ancient thorn, adescendant tree of the original, stands atGlastonbury today.)
FIVE WOUNDS-The name commonlyused for this ancient emblem of Emmanuel.It sometimes bears inscriptions, under thehands, "Wei of wisdom" and "Wei ofmercy"; under the heart, "Wei of everlast-ing life"; under the feet, "Wei of grace" and"Wei of gostly c6fort." The heart, hands,and feet in proper colors, all pierced andbleeding, on a silver field.
74 75
Other Emblems The Church
THE ARK ARK OF THE COVENANT THE VINE
ST. SAVIOUR — This emblem might be regarded as appropri-ate for churches of this dedication. It was called the shield ofthe Passion in England during the Middle Ages. The threenails of the Passion are black in a green crown of thorns, on asilver field.
THE ROCK THE SHIP THE HILL CITY
THE WORLD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES-Shown here is oneof three versions of the emblem used by the Council, whichseeks to serve all men, everywhere in the universal fellowshipof the Churches of Christ. The word, "Oikoumene" is the oldGreek reference to the universality of the Church. The ship,with its mast in the form of a cross, represents the Church ofChrist.
THE CANDLESTICK THE GOSPEL MILL WHEAT AND TARES
76 77
The Church Year
ADVENT
IMMACULATECONCEPTION
CHRISTMAS EPIPHANY
PURIFICATION LENT PALM SUNDAY
MAUNDY THURSDAY
uGOOD FRIDAY
78
The Church Year
EASTER DAY
ANNUNCIATION ASCENSION PENTECOST
TRINITY VISITATION ASSUMPTION
MICHAELMAS ALL SAINTS
79
Forms Of The Nimbus
SCROLL
SCALLOP
ELEVATED
RAYED
LOZENGE SHAPE
RECTANGULAR
SAINT'S NIMBUS
Forms Of The Nimbus And The Aureole
GREEK
GREEK HEXAGONAL
NIMBUS OF THE VIRGIN
PATEE ADORNED
THE AUREOLE
TRI-RADIANT
TRIANGULAR
JEWELLED
SIMPLE CIRCLE SIMPLE RAYED NIMBE A PANS
80 81
Borders And Corners Borders And Corners
A. Conventional heraldic pattern.
B. Wheat and convolvulus (morning glory)
C. Oak leaves and acorns.
D. Grape leaves and fruit.
E. Laurel leaves.
F. Olive leaves.
G. Conventional design of ivy leaves.
82 83
Index
AbbreviationsAbrahamAcaciaAcornsAdventAgnus Dei and Book of the Seven SealsAgnus Dei with Banner of VictoryAll SaintsAll-Seeing EyeAll SoulsAlmondAlpha and OmegaAltar of SacrificeAmosAmpullaAnchorAnemoneAnnunciationApostles, The TwelveAppleArk, TheArk of the CovenantArrowAscensionAssumptionAtonementAureoleAxe, BattleAxe, Pick
BannerBeehiveBellBendBezantBlessed Virgin, TheBook 14, 15, 24, 26,BookmarkBordersBrambleBread—See RoundelBulrushBurnt Offering
CandlestickCandlestick, Seven-BranchCanterbury
22, 32,
27, 35,
14,
18,
?8 29, 31,
10666282781818
55,7917716222666650
56, 736279
12-1552, 62
6666
39, 5179796681
25, 3344
54,55254939
47, 7323
40, 4931
82-8362
6266
756672
85
CarnationCarpenter's SquareCastleChainsChaliceCherryChevronChi RhoChoughs, CornishChrist ChurchChrist the KingChristmasChristmas RoseChurchChurch Year, TheCiboriumCircles, InterwovenCircle within TriangleCloverClubCoins, Gold—See BezantCoins, SilverColorColumbineCommandments, The TenConvolvulusCornersCreator's StarCrosses and Crucifixes
AdornedAiguiseeAlisee PateeAnchor (4)AvellaineBarbeeBezantBottonyCalvaryCanterburyCelticCerceleeChrist the King or Christus Rex QrucifixCrenelleeCross-crossletCross-crosslet FitchedCross and OrbCross and Thorny Crown
6215, 43
2745
13, 29, 31, 42, 726229
21-225371
27863
28, 7778-79
32, 4816166354
158-9636782
82-8361
56-60565656565656565658565757
57, 735757576057
86
Crosses and Crucifixes, continuedCrucifixCrux AnsataEasterEntrailedFleureeFleuretteFour Ermine SpotsFour PheonsFretteeGloryGradedGreeklonaJerusalemLatinLorraineMalteseMillrineMolinePapalParted and FrettedPassionPateePatee FitchedPatee Fitched at FootPatee FormeePatoncePatriarchalPommeePotentQuadrateRagulleeRussian OrthodoxSt. Andrew's (Saltire)St. Anthony'sSt. Chad'sSt. Julian'sSt. Peter'sSaltireSovereigntyTauWavy
Cross, Holy, TheCrownCrown of ThornsCrozier
2, 31,33, 35, 36,37,41,
56-6057,73
575757575858585858585858585858585959595959595959595959606060606060606060606060606073
55, 74, 7838, 76, 78
71
87
CrucifixesCup, Covered
DaisyDalmaticDandelionDanielDavidDavid, Star ofDeluge, TheDoeDogDolphinDoorposts and LintelDove, AscendingDove, DescendingDove with Olive SprigDragonDragon's Head
EagleEaster DayElijahEpigonationEpiphany StarEscallop ShellEscarbuncleEucharistEvangelists, The FourExpulsion, TheEye, All-SeeingEzekiel
FishFish, TheFishes, The ThreeFive WoundsFlame, The SevenfoldFlamesFleur-de-LysFlood, TheFlowers, Fruits, TreesFont, BaptismalForgivenessFountain, The
GethsemaneGlastonbury Thorn
57, 7335
635463676761663934456751
19, 3467
49, 6746
11796769
61, 7812
46, 547211681768
15, 44181673
19, 7924, 34, 35, 45, 50
23,41, 4566
62-65, 82-833867
18, 36
7263, 74
God the FatherGod the Holy SpiritGod the SonGood FridayGood Samaritan, TheGospels, The—See The Four EvangelistsGraceGrapesGridiron
HabakkukHaggaiHand of GodHarpHeartHeart, FlamingHeart, PiercedHeart with IHSHindHollyHoly Cross, TheHoly InnocentsHoly RoodHoly Spirit, TheHoly Spirit, The Gifts of theHoly Trinity, TheHoly Trinity StarHornHoseaHost, The
IHC, IHSIHCOYCImmaculate ConceptionIncarnation, TheINRIIrisIsaacIsaiahIvyIX6YC
Jacob and FamilyJeremiahJoelJonah
63,
30,
29, 39,
20, 39,
68,44,
38,
72,
41,
72,
64,
1719187873
738354
6868173041272353476373747319191661326878
72207874226468688318
68696969
88 89
Joseph, Son of JacobJudas Iscariot
KeysKnife, Flaying
LadderLambLamb (The Pasch)Lamb of GodLampLamp, SanctuaryLanternLaurelLentLight, HeavenlyLightningLilyLily of the ValleyLionLogsLozenges, Voided
MalachiMan, The DivineMartletMasonryMater DeiMater DolorosaMaundy ThursdayMenorah, TheMicahMichaelmasMitreMoneybagsMonogram of St. Mary the VirginMonograms, SacredMoon, CrescentMorning GloryMoses, The Call ofMountMystic Rose
NahumNails, PassionNarcissusNativity, The
6915
14, 26, 7512
49, 51246918
30, 454831
64, 83782827
23, 25, 26, 27, 43, 64, 7464
11, 33, 34, 39, 50, 515055
69II3525232378666979
28, 4414, 33
2320-22
2382693423
70766474
90
N1KANimbusNimbus, Forms of the
Circle, SimpleElevatedGreekHexagonal GreekJewelledLozenge shapePans, Nimbe aPatee AdornedRayedRayed, SimpleRectangularSaint'sScallopScrollTri-radiantTriangularVirgin, Nimbus of the
Nine Fruits of the SpiritNoah
OakObadiahOlive BranchOther EmblemsOx, Winged
Pall (Ancient Usage)-PalliumPalm BranchPalm SundayPassoverPeacePearPenPentateuch, ThePentecostPhoenixPilePillarPincersPitcherPomegranatePoppyPot, Ointment
-See Pallium
34,2072
80-81
30, 64,
64,
80808181818081818080808080808181816167
727083
71-76
26, 27,52, 65,
33, 40,
19,
65,
47,
11
7278786767654370791834522428796573
91
Purification 78
RaindropsRegenerationRingRood, HolyRopeRose, ChristmasRose, HeraldicRose, MysticRoundel
Sacred MonogramsSaintsSt. Aelfheah—See St. AlphcgeSt. AgathaSt. AgnesSt. AidanSt. AlbanSt. Alphege (Aelfheah, Elphage)St. AmbroseSt. Andrew, Ap.St. AnneSt. AnselmSt. Antony of EgyptSt. Antony of PaduaSt. AsaphSi. AthanasiusSt. Audrey—See St. EtheldredaSt. Augustine of CanterburySt. Augustine of HippoSt. Barbara of HeliopolisSt. BarnabasSt. Bartholomew, Ap.St. Basil the GreatSt. BedeSt. Benedict of NursiaSt. Bernard of ClairvauxSt. Blaise—See BlasiusSt. Blasius of Sebaste (Blaise)St. BonaventureSt. BonifaceSt. Borromeo—See St. Charles BorromeoSt. Botulph (Botolph)St. Brigid (Bride, Bridget)St. Catherine of AlexandriaSt. Catherine of Siena
52614473
13, 4363, 7823, 27
2315
20-2211-15, 23-55, 75, 76
24242424252512252526262626
272727271228282828
292929
29303030
St. Ceadda—See St. ChadSt. CeciliaSt. Chad (Ceadda)St. Charles BorromeoSt. ChristopherSt. Chrysostom (John Chrysostom)St. ClareSt. ClementSt. ColumbaSt. CorneliusSt. CuthbertSt. CyprianSt. Cyril of AlexandriaSt. Cyril of JerusalemSt. David of ThessalonicaSt. David of WalesSt. Denys (Dennis, Denis, Dionysius)St. DominicSt. Dorothy (Dorothea)St. DunstanSt. Edmund of East AngliaSt. Edward the ConfessorSt. Edward the MartyrSt. Elphage—See St. AlphegeSt. Elizabeth (Elisabeth)St. Elizabeth of HungarySt. Eric of SwedenSt. Etheldreda (Audrey)St. FaithSt. FelicitasSt. Francis of AssisiSt. Francis de SalesSt. Francis XavierSt. Gabriel, ArchangelSt. GeorgeSt. GilesSt. Gregory NazianzusSt. Gregory the GreatSt. HelenaSt. Hilary of PoitiersSt. HildaSt. Hubert of LiegeSt. Hugh of LincolnSt. Ignatius of AntiochSt. Ignatius of LoyolaSt. James the Greater, Ap.St. James the Less, Ap.St. JeromeSt. Joan of Arc
30313131313232323233333333343434343535353536
36363637373737383838383939393940404040414112134141
92 93
St. John BaptistSt. John Chrysostom—See St. ChrysostomSt. John of the CrossSt. John the DivineSt. John the Evangelist, Ap.St. Joseph of ArimatheaSt. Joseph of NazarethSt. Jude, Ap.St. Julia of CorsicaSt. Julian of Le MansSt. Justin of RomeSt. KentigernSt. KilianSt. LaurenceSt. LeoSt. LeonardSt. LouisSt. Lucien of AntiochSt. Lucy of SyracuseSt. Luke the EvangelistSt. Margaret of AntiochSt. Margaret of ScotlandSt. Marina—See St. Margaret of AntiochSt. Mark the EvangelistSt. MarthaSt. Martin of ToursSt. Mary MagdaleneSt. Mary the VirginSt. Matthew the Evangelist, Ap.St. Matthias, Ap.St. Michael, ArchangelSt. NeotSt. Nicholas of MyraSt. NilusSt. NorbertSt. OsmundSt. PatrickSt. PaulSt. PerpetuaSt. Peter, Ap.St. Peter and St. PaulSt. Peter NolascoSt. Peter of VeronaSt. Philip, Ap.St. PolycarpSt. Prisca
4275
11, 134243134343434444444445454545114646
1146464723
11, 141447474748484848494914754949155050
St. Raphael, ArchangelSt. Remigius of ReimsSt. RomualdSt. Sabbas (Sabas)St. SaviourSt. ScholasticaSt. SebastianSt. Simeon StylitesSt. Simon, Ap.St. StephenSt. SwithunSt. SylvesterSt. ThaisSt. TheresaSt. Thomas, Ap.St. Thomas AquinasSt. Thomas of Canterbury (Thomas aSt. TimothySt. UrsulaSt. Victor of MarseillesSt. Vincent of SaragossaSt. WenceslasSt. WilfridSatanSawSceptreScourgeScrollScroll and WheatSerpentSevenfold Flame, TheSeven Gifts of the SpiritSeven Lamps, TheSeven Seals, Book ofShieldShipSouls of the RighteousSpearSpread of SinStaffStaff, PalmStagStars
Creator'sDavidEpiphanyNine Fruits of the SpiritRegeneration
Beckett)
25,28, 33, 53,
13,
16,13, 25,
5050515176515152155252525353155353545454545555671336
52, 7855, 78
7040, 7019, 79
611918
38, 5476, 77
1715, 38
70503140616161616161
94 95