safety policy statement

7/30/2019 Safety Policy Statement

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SAFETY FIRST.

SAFETY POLICY STATEMENT

Main objective of our company Safety Policy is based on following two concepts.

(a)Introducing of impotency of safety work environment to all employees,sub -contractors, service personnel and others who engage in company activities.

(b)Introducing of impotency of keeping of good health and good mental condition at every time.In order to achieve the above goal successfully, the company determine to implement the followingactivities.

(a)Giving high priority for the employees safety in all categories and others who engage incompany activities.(Sub - contractors, Service person, Visitors)

(b)Taking of safety precaution in early and implementing of strategies and improving ofstrategies relevant to safety.

(c)Take step to create an accident free environment(d)Providing of safe equipment and implementing of safety program.(e)Providing of training to work in safe manner to employees and others who engage in companyactivities.(f) Introducing of safety regulation and law including everybody to follow the law and

regulation

(g)Educate everybody that everybody is responsible for safety.(h) Periodically review, upgrading developing of the safety procedure, safety regulation and

law of the company.

...Deputy General Manager (Eng)

QS Lanka ( Pvt ) Ltd


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MANAGEMENT SUPPORT

To implement the safe work site successfully company realize that upper Management support and

their leadership is very important.

Since upper management determine to follow the under mentioned procedures to fulfill the aboveobjective.

(a). To maintain a safe work site, providing of concerned resources by upper management andparticipation for the work site safe activities to demonstrate their supports periodically.

(b). Company and supervisors every year establish a safety goals and performance will be assessed.

(c). Giving proper safety training to supervisor or officer in charge and under then give training totheir work crews.

(d). Unsafe behaviors and conditions will be corrected or reject without any delay wheneverthey are found.

(e). Upper management will encourage as much employee participation as possible.


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SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITY

Safety isn't going to just happen. Individuals have to know what they are responsible, for, and what

roles they play. Then they have got to be held accountable for their behaviour. The key individual atthe job site is site manager or engineer or crew leader who ever is in immediate in charge.


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SAFETY PLANNING

Our Company safety planning is based on following steps.

(a). Safety Training(b). Providing protective equipment.(c). Scheduled inspection.(d). Behavior Observations.(e). Safe job Procedures.(f). Data accountability for safe behavior.(g). Corrective action planning and goal setting.(h). Total employees involvement and support.

Safety training

Sometimes working safety doesn't come naturally. Employees must be educated or taught how toengage in their activities in safe manner. Means how to operate Machine/Power/Tools etc.This education we hope to give using following methods.

(a). Speaking engagement by experts in safety.

(b). Distributing various publication on safety and Health issues among employees.

(c). Displaying audiovisual aids on work place hazards, and technical advice.

(d). Providing basic and advance seminars and classes for employees.

Providing Protective Equipment

After providing protective equipment it is necessary instruct and educate.(a). What to wear when.(b). How to inspect it(c). How to wear it.(d).How to get into the habit so it's impossible to forget.

Schedule Inspections

Tools equipment, Method, and procedure have to be looked at every so often to make sure that theyare in good shape, that they're safest thing available, and that they haven't started falling apart, beencracked or warped, or had a guard shaken or rusted loose.

Behaviour Observation


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Which are simply audits or slices of work that look closely at the safety aspect of tightly focusedbehaviors or work task.

Safe job Procedure

That means simply how to do a job or task the right-way, without taking needless risks.

Data Accountability Safe Behaviour

If no one is held accountable for choosing or following safe ways to work, then those ways of doingthings may just not happen. Employees must know what expected of them when it come to safebehavior.

Corrective action Planning and Goal setting

Both of these take considerable thinking and advance planning, with input from employees,from Management, and sometime from outside agencies and other sources.

Total employee Involvement and Support

Total employee, that means you, too Management and employees alike it's the only way to makesafety every one's responsibility.


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PROGRAMME MEASUREMENT AND REVIEW

When doing programme measurement and review; following factors to be observed.

a) Injury or near-miss reduction level

b) Displaying of employees safe behaviors

c) Safety cost come down level

Time to time check the records of site audits, tool box minutes, training sheets and other relevantrecords and confirmed whether things are actually happening.


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CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

The causes of accidents are broadly classified as under:

1. Physical causes2. Physiological causes3. Psychological causes

1. Physical Causes

The Physical causes responsible for accidents are as follows :

(a) Relating to Machines :(1)The working space on the machine being less obstructs free movements of workers

material.

(2) The machine being not properly adjusted

(3) The machine being unsuitable for the job.

(4) The machine being unguarded or improperly guarded

(5) Electric motor on the machine not properly insulated.

(b)Relating to Tools:(1) Tools being brittle, may break suddenly e.g. blades on a sawing

machine.

(2) Tools being blunt and worn out due to constant use.

(3) Tools used being too small for the job.

(4) Tools being without the handle or the handle being loose.

(c)Relating to Materials:

(1)The material being inflammable e.g. use of explosives and petroleum products etc.,

(2) The brittle material not handled with c are

(3)The material being too hot e.g. sewage in the maintenance of sewers.

(4)The material used being poisonous and dangerous e.g. acids

(5) The material emitting foul gases e.g. sewage in the maintenance ofsewers.


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(d)Relating to Uniform:

(1) Dress being loose

(2) The sleeves of the shirt being without buttons

(3) The shoes being loose and slippery

(4) Protective dress prescribed for a job not used, e.g. tarring outfit while handling hot tar

and welding shields while doing welding work.

(e)Relating to Environment:

Following are some of the main causes

(1) The floors being slippery(2) Poor lighting conditions

(3) Poor ventilation and unhygienic conditions

(4) Loose electric cables and live conductors

(5) Obstacles and projections in the working area, e.g. a wooden board found Raised in wooden

flooring etc.,

(6) Building used being unsafe

(7) Use of unstable and unsafe ladder(8) External noises and disturbances

(9)Improper discipline among workers.

2. Physiological Causes :

The main causes of accidents on account of poor health conditions are as under:

(1)Poor Eye Sight : e.g. a driver while driving a vehicle may not be able to see theobstacle ahead clearly, especially when the light dim

(2)Over Work : A tired worker loses control over his limbs and may meet with an

accident


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(3) Poor Health : A sound mind is sound body is well known. A man withpoor health gets tired soon and sometimes a worker doesharm to his body while doing a job which is beyond hiscapacity.

(4)Old Age : In old age eye sight is poor and quite often one is hard ofhearing and general health becomes poor. These factors areresponsible for the accident.

(5) Intoxication : A worker under the influence of intoxicants like wine, loseor co-workers and one loses control over his mind

(6)Physical Handicap : A handicapped person has more chances of meeting withan accident.

3.Psychological Causes:

The causes connected with the mind of a worker are listed below:

(1)Worry :A person under strains of worries has least control over his mind.

(2)Mental Tension : Mental tension is caused due to strained relations with superiors

or co-workers and one loses control over his mind

(3) Emotional Attitude : A highly emotional man loses balance of mind quickly.

(4)Impulsiveness : When a person acts under impulse, without proper thinking, the

chance of his meeting with an accident increased considerably

(5) Nervousness : A person who gets nervous in a particular situation, losses

control over his limbs

(6) Over Confidence : Over confidence many a times causes an accident.

(7) Carelessness : A careless worker meets with an accident more often than a

conscious worker.

(8) Fear : Under fear one loses control over one's limbs.


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SAFETY TRAINING

Employees need a proper grounding in Safety Management techniques and in safe operatingprocedure from the start.

In view of that company considered to give safety training in following ways.

(1). Specially newly recruited persons are selected to give the safety training.(2). Refresher training for regular persons.(3). Arranging of monthly safety meeting.(4). Arranging of tool - box safety meeting.(5). Arranging of safety training for employees how to operate properly, tools, equipment in

safe manner and how to use materials which are newly introduced to work site.

Further company understand that to a certain extent, skill training is also part of the safety pictureand arrange to give skill training for the employees.For newly recruited persons must be given safety training especially in following categories.

(a)Safety management principles.(b)Facility safety rules.(c)Material handling and mobile equipment safety.(d)Lockout / Hazardous energy control.(e)Hazardous material communication and handling.(f) Protective equipment and guards.(g)

Tools and equipment safety.(h)Ergonomics.

(i) Emergency equipment.In addition to regular safety topics that all employees receive, company arrange additional trainingfor supervisor in the following areas.

(a). Safety management principles.(b). Behavior observations.(c). Incident investigation.(d). Correction and reinforcement techniques.

(e). Effective training method.

In fact when planning safety training following are under strict consideration.

(a). Identify the training needs of the employees.(b). Decide what the minimum training end result should be.(c). Plan the training session.(d). Prepare the session.


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(e). Decide where to have the training.(f). Train.(g). Verify the training.

Monthly Safety Meeting

Regular monthly safety meeting demonstrate the company's concern for the lives and well being ofits employees. This help build a co - operative climate providing employees with the opportunity to

contribute ideas and suggestions to improve safety, quality, productivity and morale.The supervisor, safety representative and crew leaders, run the monthly safety meeting with helpfrom,

(a). Guest presenters.(b). Manufacture and other mentioned earlier.

Tool - Box Safety Meeting

Tool -Box safety meetings are brief gathering of crews or employees along with their supervisor orcrew leaders.

They are usually held early in the morning before the crew begin their work day or before they startsome specific work.

Suggested safety tool box talk topics(1) Employee accountability.(2) Excavation and shoring.(3) Eye protection : Safety glasses and goggles.(4) Fall protection.(5) Fire prevention.(6) Foot protection.(7) Hand protection and gloves.

(8) Hand tool use and maintenance.(9) First - aid treatment.(10) Electrical safety.(11) Confined space.(12) Barricade.(13) Crane and Hoist.(14) Hazardous material.(15) Head protection: Helmet and boots.(16) Hearing protection.(17) House keeping and waste disposal.(18) Ladders.

(19) Material Handling and Storage.(20) Personal Protection Equipment.(21) Power tool use and Maintenance.(22) Safety harness and lanyards.(23) Scaffolding.(24) Security : Fire prevention.(25) Skin protection : proper protective clothing.(26) Spill clean up.(27) Slips, trips and falls.


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(28) Suspended load operation.(29) Ventilation.(30) Work place violence.

GENERAL SAFETY RULES

01. No workers below 18 years and above 55 years of age shall be engaged for a job.02. The workers who are engage in job should be in sound physical condition.03. When recruiting the workers their Identity card and Police report should be checked.04. Don't allow children to enter in to work site.05. Every time to be ensured, weather adequate supervision is provided in working areas.

Also ensured weather persons who engage in works behaving without causing anyhazard to

others.

06. Reporting for work under the influence of drugs or alcohol to be strictly prohibited.07. Neat and clean work clothing (suitable clothing ) must be worn at all times. Never wear loose

fitting clothing that could be caught in equipment or machinery and also avoid wearingjewelry at the work site.

08. Safety helmet, eye protection and safety shoes or boots must be worn by everybody at thework site at all times, except in designated places outside the construction area. (even drivers

helpers & operators must abide this rule).

09. If you don't know, ask when in doubt about the safe or correct way to perform a job, getinstruction from a supervisor or knowledgeable employee before attempting to the task.

10. Running out side vehicle cabs : No employee may ride on running board or hang on to theoutside of trucks, front end loaders, backhoes, Bulldozers, tractors or other mobile equipmentis running or in motion. Never ride or stand in or on a loader or backhoe bucket to performwork.

11. Unauthorized operation of equipment : Never attempt to operate company equipment orvehicles unless trained in their use and authorized to do so by your relevant officer in charge.

12. Suspended loads: Never walk or stand under or next to suspended loads. Stand clear ormaterial being unloaded from open - sided flat bed trailers.

13. Equipment guards: Don't remove protective guards while tools, Machinery, or mobileequipment are in operation. Never completean equipment maintenance or repair job without


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replacing guards, that had to be removed for servicing , cleaning or repairs. Report damage ormissing guards to your supervisor immediately.

14. Persons who engage-in work at 2 - meter or above should wear safety belt and lanyard to beanchored properly, it is better to anchor at the level of shoulder.

15. It is compulsory to wear eye protection while doing works such as, grinding, chipping,welding and gas cutting.

16. Proper lightening to be provided at work places in night time, also to the places at dark evenin day time if there any activity to be done.

17. Digging pits to be barricaded till backfilling. Also provide proper access method to reach forwork.

18. Don't allow any body to entering to erection zone or dismantling zone, also provide properbarricade to avoid entering to the said zones.19. Don't allow to throw material from higher places , if necessary provide barricaded keeping

safe space and keep signal men to avoid entering by others.

20. Due to wind or vehicle running dust will be formed within site premises, to avoid that waterto be sprayed by using bowser or any other method.

21. Electrical main panel board must consist MCB and ELCB.22. To supply electricity power must be used 3 or 4 core cables and it should be consist earth

wire, also construct proper earthing pit.

23. Horseplay is completely prohibited at work place. Except in emergency running at the site iscompletely prohibited.

24. Don't allow connect bare wire to electrical socket. If need use plug top25. Even minor accident occur inform it to safety coordinator or site in charge since it will help to

avoid such incident in future.

26. Seat belts :' The use of seat belts is required in company cars, trucks, lift trucks, front endloaders and other moving equipment.

27. Scaffolding and riming : all scaffolding and rigging work must be supported and inspected byexperienced, competent, individuals in accordance with approved standard and regulations.


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28. Excavation and trenches : All excavating and trench digging must be supervised andinspected by experience, competent individuals in accordance with approval standard andregulations.

29. Practice good housekeeping : When discarding boards always remove or bend downprotruding nails. Keep work areas clean as the day progresses. Don't allow debris to bestrewn about work areas or to collect on floor or in excavations or basements.

30. Reinforcement rods : Exposed, vertical reinforcement rods and similar protuberances must beshielded with large enough covers to prevent employees or visitors who may accidently fallon to them from impaling or injuring themselves.

31. Don't stack material at access areas and passageways. Also don't stack material such as brickson dangerous higher places.

32. All tools and tackles, before using must be checked. If any defect inform it to relevant in -charge, any way all using lifting tackles must be certified by mechanical Engineer.

33. All tools and tackle shall be tested and have a Identification number, safe working load anddate of next test marked on them.

34. A tools and tackles inspection register must be maintained and update regularly.35. All site vehicles must have reverse horn. (Ex. Earth moving vehicles and equipment)36. Adequate numbers of firefighting equipment must be at work site, further workers to be

given training how to use firefighting equipment.

37. When found unsafe conditions, unsafe act it should be informed to safety coordinator thenrelevant in charges must attend to correct such incidents immediately.

38. Ladders should be placed and set firmly to avoid slipping. Also fixed ladders shouldhave standard protection cage to avoid fell down, while climbing up or down.

39. Special safety method should be arrange while lifting up 1 down drums which fill with fuelor oil.

40. When doing welding work, welding clamp should be used. Also proper earthing shouldbe done and return cable should be used for earthing.

41. All pressure gauge used in gas cutting apparatus shall be in good working conditions.42. Eye washing facilities to be provided at site, specially if use chemicals above facilities is


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very important.

43. For hose connection, connectors or hose clamp must be used.44. At relevant places, warning boards or caution notice should be displayed.45. For all cranes competent signalmen should be employed for signaling.46.

When tapping power line, junction box must be used, don't cut in between of the powerline for tapping.

47. All lifting tools and tackles shall be stored properly when not in use.


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JOB SITE AUDIT

Planned observation and reporting properly should be executed to avoid risk behaviors and such

condition basically in job site safety and audits.

Since preparing safety audit form relevant to each site condition is very important.

In addition to that all members of the company including management to be trained for suchactivities.

Further it is very important to implement the safety program of the company except that come toconclusion of the additional safety system.

Company is going to arrange effective auditing at work site following mentioned guidelines.

(a)Giving good knowledge about theory and purpose of auditing to the participant of job sitesafety audit.

(b)Instructing to crew leaders ,supervisor, safety representatives and workers doing the auditshould whenever possible recruit a follow employee to help with the observing.

(c)Instructing to auditors need to just observe and talk about safety during the audit or thebenefits and effectiveness will be audited.

(d)Instructing to auditors must prepare for an audit by making sure they know the correct andsafe procedure for which ever operations are going to be observed at times this mayreviewing a piece of equipments operating instructions, safe job analysis , or constructionmethod or technique.

(e)Instructing to auditors should look for positions and actions of employees instead of justconditioned.

(f) Instructing to auditors that unsafe behavior or conditions that could lead to an injury shouldbe addressed immediately or physically identified / barricaded / stopped. Allowed unsafesituation to continue with auditing which is to identify and correct unsafe behavior and dohighlight and reinforce safe behavior though out the work site.


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(g)Instructing to auditors to write down the audit , when finish with the observations a writtenrecord is important to ensure that meaningful information is not forgotten or lost.This will enable corrective action to be planned and completed and allow trends.(safe andotherwise) to be identified.

Activities to audit

Due to unsafe behaviors 85% of accidental injuries occur. Since safety audits to be done during the period of site activities in operation. During this period to be considered employees, subcontractors, typical and untypical

activities.

EX:-

1. Pouring concrete or laying asphalt.2. Carpentry works.3. Welding, burning, grinding or other hot jobs.4. Laying concrete and concrete blocks.5. Plastering walls.6. Higher place work \ Ladder use.7. Lifting and carrying task.8. Painting walls and ceiling.9. Hand and power tool usage10.Delivery and unloading of building material.11.Mobile equipment operating.

In auditing procedure, it is available first review safe job analysis for task or activity and basedon that do the auditing.

At least following four categories of behaviorconditions should be observed in safety audit.

(a). Personal protective equipment.

(b). Tools arid other equipment.(c). Procedures.(d). Housekeeping.

(a). Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE )

(a). Check proper PPE is worn or not.


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(b). Check PPE is worn properly or not.

(b). Tools and Equipment

(a). Are the tools adequate for the job ?

(b). Are the tools used properly?

(c). Could the safety of a particular job improve if different tools were used ?(d). Is equipment being operated with safety guards in place?

(e). Is it being maintained in safe condition are ladders free from object?

(f ). Did mobile equipment operators do. Safety check on their machine before starting

works.

(c).Procedures

(a). Have the people doing the activity been properly trained.

(b). Is equipment locked out and brought to a state of zero energy before being

worked on.

(c). Do procedures exit for the tasks and does everyone know and use them.

(d). Are employees working in safe positions or are they controlling their bodies reachingtoo far, standing between or beneath objects that could or shift or fall.

(e). The reaction to "auditor" question refers to behavior that auditors sometime comeacross when observing work crews including, adjusting, personal protective equipment(dropping glasses down in to position from a fore head) Changing from unsafe positionto a safe stance or stopping some other unsafe

(d). House keeping

(a). Are material and tools kept in an orderly fashion ?, are tools lying around or are

they kept in holders or boxes when hot in use, are extensions cords causing tripping.

(b). Are spills cleaned up immediately ?

(c). Is trash disposed of in a safe manner.

(d). Is waste accumulating throughout the work site.


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WORK SAFETY AUDIT FORM

Auditors: __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Job / Tasks Inspected: ________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

_______________________________________ Date: _____________

TYPE OF OBSERVATIONS

Personal Protective equipments: Tools and Equipments:

-- Eyes and Face -- Right for Job?-- Ears -- Used Correctly?-- Head -- In safe condition?-- Hands and Arms -- Warning sign?-- Feet and legs -- Mobile Equipments-- Respiratory Protections-- Operated Safety-- Fall Protection

Procedures:Housekeeping:

-- Safe Procedures Known? -- Slipping/Tripping Hazard

-- Safe Procedures may be written down? Removed?

-- Safe procedures Being Followed? -- Tools and Materials Kept

-- Body Positioning Ok Orderly?

-- Reaction to auditors? -- Waste Properly Disposed off?

Safety Observations________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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_____________ Followed Up Required : _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

WORK SAFETY AUDIT FORM

Auditors: __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Job / Tasks Inspected: ________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

_______________________________________ Date: _____________

TYPE OF OBSERVATIONS

Personal Protective equipments: Tools and Equipments:

-- Eyes and Face -- Right for Job?-- Ears -- Used Correctly?-- Head -- In safe condition?-- Hands and Arms -- Warning sign?-- Feet and legs -- Mobile Equipments-- Respiratory Protections -- Operated Safety-- Fall Protection

Procedures:Housekeeping:

-- Safe Procedures Known? -- Slipping/Tripping Hazard

-- Safe Procedures may be written down? Removed?

-- Safe procedures Being Followed? -- Tools and Materials Kept

-- Body Positioning Ok Orderly?

-- Reaction to auditors? -- Waste Properly Disposed off?

Safety Observations

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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_____________ Followed Up Required : _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

INCIDENT INVESTIGATION

The reason for conducting investigation is to learn.

(a). What happened.(b). Why it happened.

So that solutions can be arrived at that will prevent such an incident from happening again.

Also, the main goals should be to find factual and objective data, to accurately determine theincident's causes and to develop and map out appropriate solutions for preventing further incidents.On a more fundamental level, incident investigations can be used to help evaluate the effectiveness othe company's overall safety management program and to reveal where additional effects are neededfor improvement.In short, all safety incidents should be investigated.

(1). Near misses.(2). First - aid incidents(3). No - lost - time recordable injuries and illness.(4). Lost time recordable injuries and illness.(5). Motor vehicle accidents, and of course fatalities.(6). Property damage.

Who should Conduct Incident Investigation

Ideally, an investigation should be conducted by the injured employee's supervisor. But if thecrew has a looser organization and there is no direct foreman or supervisor on the site, thencrew leader or ranking individual should start the process.

What are Serious Incidents

(1). Fatalities.(2). Serious neurological and / or spinal damage.(3). Loss of consciousness.(4). Amputation of a limb or digit.(5). Loss of impairment (weaken \ damage) to vision.(6). Second or third - degree burns over 25 percent or more of the body.(7). Medical treatment or hospitalization of three or more employees.(8). Motor vehicle incidents.(9). More or one recordable injury or illness from the same incident.


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Investigations

Learning the 10 steps to a thorough investigation will acquaint us with the basic incidentinvestigation process. These key steps are,

(1). Preparing to conduct investigations.(2). Training the employees who will investigate.(3). Gathering incident - related facts.(4). Analyzing the facts.(5). Developing conclusions.(6).Writing the investigation report.(7). Recommending immediate and long - term corrective actions.(8). Communicating what's in the report.(9). Initiating corrective actions.

(10).Following up on recommendations.

Preparing to Conduct Investigation

Arrangement for investigating all categories of safety incidents, from near misses to lost Workdaycases should be planned for in advance.

Reacting to an emergency with no idea of what to leaves everything up to chance, and the situationwill not likely go as well as it could.

Also it is necessary to plan to ensure the availability of first and procedure and emergency services.

Training the employees who will investigate

In addition to learning how to investigate incidents and how to use the related incident report forms,everyone who may be called to a worksite incident after math should also receive scene - safe

training. Scene - safe training relates to the necessary precautions to take and hazards to look forwhen responding to accident situations.

As part of their training, employees should learn how various pieces of equipment including

cameras, measuring tapes, and sketchbooks can be used to help document incidents.


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Gathering incident - related facts

(1).The gathering of facts should begin as soon as possible after the incident occurs.

(2).Accurate incident investigation begins as soon after the incident time as possible, when witnessesare nearby, memories are still fresh.

(3).Seek pertinent details about, what, why who, when and how the incident occurred. If possible,take photos or make sketch of what happened.

(4).Note anything that might have had a bearing on the incident such as tools or materials involvedenvironmental conditions such as rain, high temperatures, low lighting levels or even distractingnoise.

(5). Do you need a drill motor's operating manual? or a roofing chemical's material safety data sheetAn electric box wiring diagram ? Although gathering this kind of information may seem like over kilwhile it's being collected, it may come in handy later especially if a serious injury or illness developfrom a seemingly minor condition and litigation eventually comes in to the picture.

Analyzing the facts

After all available fact have been assembled, it is important to begin to review them having goodjudgment.Before coming to conclusion further inquire.

(1).What about the witnesses?

(2). Are they saying the same things?

(3).Isthere any conflicting information?

(4).Do the fact support the incident results?

(5). Are there any reason to doubt what the witnesses have reported?

(6). Have the witnesses given facts or openings?

(7). Have all the facts.(even those that may have been discovered at a later time ) be written

down and attached to the main incident report.

Writing the investigation report

It will be able to obtain investigation report from local insurance company or you can copy one

in this safety manual.


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Having pre-printed forms will ensure that all of the important details are covered during an

incident investigation.

Recommending immediate and long term corrective action

This is one of the m s t important parts of the report. It looks towards to the future instead of justdocumenting the past.

Immediate corrective actions are usually taken before the written report is completed and includesuch measures as tagging out a defective tool, barricading a physical hazard.

Corrective action plan should note the individuals responsible for completing the corrective actionsalong with specific target dates for each recommendation. The sample corrective action follow upform should be filled in an active incident - report file, and tracked until all of its corrective actionshave been completed. The incident investigation must ensure that every cause identified in the reportis addressed by a corrective action. Each recommendation should cover just one item spelling outprecisely what should be done to correct the situation a report may present a list of severalrecommendation, each separately stated, along with specific required actions.

Communicating what's in the report

After making sure that the report is as complete and accurate as possible, share any relevantinformation with all employees whose job could be affected by the incidents circumstances. Useinformation from the incident investigation to help train new employees and as refresher training forlong term employees. Major inquiries involving non-company personnel should be reported torelevant insurance and legal representative as soon as possible.

Correcting the situation

(1). The report can be effectively prepared and appropriate corrective action to be

mapped out.

(2). An accountability system has to be established.

Following up on recommendation

It is important to follow up. It is good idea to maintain a tickler file and ensure that recommendationsare completed by specific target dates. Be certain to document any corrective actions that are taken

Refer to the corrective action follow up form until everyactionitem has been completed.


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INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT

CASE NO._________

BASIC CASE INFORMATION

Incident Date _________________________________ Diagnosis Date ___________

Time ofIncident ________________________________________________________

Location ______________________________________________________________

Task employee was performing at time or incident _____________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Employee's Date of Hire __________________________________________________

Investigation participants__________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Date and time the investigation began _______________________________________

Employee's occupation at time of incident_____________________________________

Employee's supervisor at time of incident_____________________________________

MEDICAL INFORMATION

Specific Treatment Provided_______________________________________________

Treatment Date_____________________________ Treatment Time_______________

Prescription Medicine Dispensed___________________________________________

Initial Treatment Given by_________________________________________________

Health - Care Professional Name and Address_________________________________


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Health - Care Facility Name and Address_____________________________________

Health - Care Facility Phone Number________________________________________

WORKSITE INJURY / ILLNESS REPORT

Name of injured ________________________________________________________________

Social Security Number__________________________________________________________

Incident Date________________________________________ Incident Time_______________

Injured Employees Occupation ____________________________________________________

Describe Injury / Body part(s) Affected______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Describe How the incident occurred & What Employee was Doing ________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Equipment/ Tool/ Material / Machine Involved _______________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Immediate Corrective Action to Prevent Repeat of Incident______________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Witnesses:

Name_______________ Address_________________________________Phone # ___________

Name_______________ Address_________________________________Phone # ___________

Subcontractor Involved? ____________Name & Address_______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Sub. Employee Name_____________ Address_______________________Phone#___________

Sub. Employee Name_____________ Address_______________________Phone#___________

Prepared by______________________Title____________________ Date__________________


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Approved by_______________________title____________________ Date_________________

INCIDENT DESCRIPTION

Write a detailed narrative of what happened. Include all relevant facts dealing with individual

involved,exact locations, tools, equipments, materials ,processes, Procedures and Personal protectivedevices.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

INCIDENT CAUSES(S)

Why did this incident occur? Identify the immediate and basic causes(s) which led to this incident

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

CORRECTIVE ACTION

Corrective Action(s) Person responsible Date Complete

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

____________________


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WITNESS INTERVIEW FORM

Incident Date___________________________________________________________

Name(s) of Injured Persons

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Date and Time of Interview ________________________________________________

WITNESS INFORMATION:

Witness Name_____________________________________________

Witnesss Number__________________________________________

Witness Address___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Witness Phone Number_____________________________________

Witness Employee Name ,Address and Phone Number

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________


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__________________________________________________________________________

__________

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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CORRECTIVE ACTION FOLLOW - UP FORM

Name of Injured______________________Incident Date___________

Brief Incident Description ____________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Investigation Findings

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

____________________

Corrective Action(s) Individual responsible Date Completed

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

Comments


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__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE]

Personal protective equipment has limits. It is effective of reducing risk, but it should never be usedin the place of safe procedures. A pair of gloves or safety glass, for example ; should never be the onlycontrol measure between an employee and an observed risk. They are really a last resort, a last line ofdefence - something to guard your eyes or hands if something goes wrong.

Head Protection : -

(A). The main purpose of protective helmets or hard hat is to minimize the rate and level at

(B). A second purpose of helmets is to partially protect the head, face and neck from electricalcurrent and from other environmental hazard such as sun - rays snow, wind and extremetemperatures

(C). There are two basic types of hard hats.Type - I and Type - IIType - I hard hats have a full brim not less than 1 % inch wide around the entire helmet.Type - I1 hard hats include helmets without brim (Lips) but having a bill or peak in the

front to help to protect the eyes and face.

There are four classes of Helmets.

Class A :- For general service and protection against impact hazard some defence agains Low -voltage electrical current.

Class - B :- For general service and protection against impact hazards plan some defence againstHigh - voltage electrical current.

Class C :- Some impact protection, but No - voltage protection usually made of aluminium.

Class D :- Impact protection, fire resistant and will not conduct electricity. Made chiefly forfire - fighters.


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Note :- Insist that employees, sub - contractors and visitors present during pre - completion stage oron site construction activities wear Type - I or Type - 11, Class - A or Class - B helmets.

FACE AND EYE PROTECTION

Most severe worksite optical injuries are caused by foreign bodies entering the eyes bits or pieces ofmetal, wood, plastic, stones masonry or whatever material is being worked with.

Since select and provide suitable eye and face protection for employees working with or near strikingtools, grinding or abrasive tools, burning or welding tools, dust or air borne particulates, chemicalsand all other equipment, materials and method that pose eye hazards.

There are many different kinds and models of face and eye protection. Some of the more commonones include safety glasses with side shields, goggles and face shields.

Goggles

1 2

34


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5

1. GOGGLES, Flexible Fitting - Regular Ventilation2. GOGGLES, Flexible Fitting - Hooded Ventilation3. GOGGLES, Cushioned Fitting - Rigid Body4. SPECTACLES, Metal Frame - with Sideshields5. SPECTACLES, Plastic Frame - with Sideshields6. WELDING GOGGLES, Converse Type - Tinted Lenses7. WELDING HELMETS

9


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OPERATION HAZARDS RECOMMENDEDPROTECTORS

Acetylene BurningAcetylene - Cutting

Acetylene - Welding

HAZARDSSparks, harmful rays, moltenmetal, flying particles

7, 8, 9

Chemical Handling Splash, acid bums, fumes 2, 10 (For sever exposure add 10 over 2)

Chipping Flying particles1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7A, 8A

Electric (arc) welding Sparks, intense rays, moltenmetal

9, 11, ( 11 in combination with 4, 5, 6, intinted lenses advisable )

Furnace Operations Glare, heat, molten metal 7, 8, 9 ( For severe exposure add 10 )

Grinding - Light Flying particles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10

Grinding - Heavy Flying particles 1, 3,7A, 8A ( For severe exposure add10)

Laboratory Chemical splash, glass breakage 2 ( 10 When in combination with 4 , 5 , 6)

Machining Flying particles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10

Molten metals Heat, glare, sparks, splash 7, 8, ( 10 in combination with 4, 5 , 6, intinted lenses )

Spot welding Flying particles, sparks 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10


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HEARING PROTECTION

Sound :-

Sound is any pressure variation in air, water or other substances that the human ear can detect. It ismeasured in decibels (dBA) for loudness and in hertz (Hz) for frequency. Not all sounds aredetectable by human ear. Ultrasound is an extremely high frequency sound (like a dog whistle), andinfrasound sound is sound at an extremely low frequency, commonly referred to as vibration.When employees are subject to sound levels exceeding those table levels, feasible administrative orengineering controls shall be used. If such controls fail to reduce sound levels within the levels of thetable, personal protective equipment is required.

Duration per Day, Hours Sound Level dBA Slow Response

8 90

6 92

4 95

3 97

2 100

1 1/2 102

1 105

1/2 110

or less 115

Important -Hints:

(1). Train employees on the dangers of excessive noise exposure on the worksite.


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(2). Conduct a noise survey on worksite task having the loudest noise levels. Test sound levelsinside mobile equipment cabs and near all loud activities including with and near compressors,engines, and other power tools and equipment.

(3). Provide comfortable noise - reduction personal protective devices such as earmuffs, earplug, andcanal caps. Train employees on the protective equipments capabilities, limitation use and care.

(4). Wherever and whenever appropriate, enforce the use of hearing protection throughoutthe worksite.

(5). Supervisors and other members of Management must abide by hearing protection ruleswhile working at or visiting the site.

There are three main types hearing protection

(1). Earmuffs

(2). Ear plug

(3). Canal capsAgain, hearing protection devices cannot just be handed out to employees without anyinstruction on how to use them.

Training must accompany the issuance of protection.

Employees should inspect the devices frequently for signs of hardening, shrinking or fracturingand replace them as necessary.


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HAND PROTECTION (HANDS - OUR MOST IMPORTANT TOOLS]

Important Hints:

(1). Most hand injuries result from boredom (tire some) lack of attention and work site distractions.( Mental confusion or distress)

(2). Identify hand hazards at worksite, then train employees on hazard recognition and prevention.

(3).Appropriate, well fitted gloves should be worn by employees, whenever possible while facingpoint of contact hazard

(4). Employees should know how to select, wear, inspect and maintain their gloves.

(5).Because so many types, styles, and models of gloves are available, it's best to consult with safetydistributor who has extensive knowledge in glove applications and selections, and order allcompany gloves through that individual.

Normally personal protective equipment for the hands, is gloves.

Glove type : - Normally gloves made of canvas, leather, rubber, cloth and numerousmodern man - made materials with textured.Palms and fingers for better grabbing power no particular pair of gloves

can protect against every possible hand hazard.

Selecting the right gloves: -Consider the physical hazards to be encountered determine what risks are most likely to bepresent in the workers task.

Cuts, abrasions, punctures, temperature, chemicals, or others. Then select glove types


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accordingly for example.

(1)Abrasion - resistant gloves should be worn when handling rough materials such as masonryblocks, rough plywood and lumber and steel cable.When wrists and arms are exposed to the same materials having abrasion or puncturerisk abrasion resistant are protection should also be used such as gauntlets or sleeves.

(2)Electricians should wear approved gloves when working on or near exposed Energizedelectrical parts. Gloves must be inspected and tested at intervals specified by the manufactureRequired voltage ratings of the gloves should be determined depending on the voltage ofpotential hazard. Written electrical safe work practices designate which task require glovesproviding electrical protection.Protective over gloves should be worn to preserve the integrity of the rubber gloves.

(3)Chemical - protective gloves should be worn when handling hazardous chemicalsand corrosives, depending on the substance handled and the manufacture'srecommendations.

(4)Welder's gloves should be worn while welding or burning to protect against heat,Sparks rough objects, and flash burns.

(5)Latex or nitrile gloves should be available for individuals trained for emergency response andFirst - Aid where there is a potential for exposure or blood borne pathogens.


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BODY AND FOOT PROTECTION

General guidelines

(1). Employees should wear close fitting or medium - fitting jeans or durable trousers.

(2). Recommend long - sleeved work shirts, accept shirts having nothing less than four inch sleeves.

(3).Company supervisors should set a good example by what they wear at the work site.

(4). Safety work shoes or boots are a must.

(5). Safety footwear having worn soles and uppers must be discarded and replaced.

(6).Improperly laced shoes and boots have caused more falls and injuries than construction.employees care to admit. Insist that employees maintain their laces at all times

(7).Prohibit the wearing of light duty home - use waterproof boots that are worn over socks.Require water proof boots possessing similar characteristics to safety shoes or boots orlight weight pull over boots that are worn over regular safety foot wear.

Work Clothing

Some individuals tend to dismiss clothes as not really being part of employeespersonal protective equipment. That's mistake, First of all, bare skin is not very durable.Somebody think that working in hot weather, tanning exposure from the sun whileconsidered a handsome asset.But as dermatologist opinion it is definitely not healthy over the long term.

Foot and Leg Protection Considerations


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(1). Legging protect the legs and feet from welding sparks.

(2). Protective leggings should be worn by employees operating a chain saw.

(3). Plastic or composite knee pads make kneeling tasks a lot safer and more comfortable forthe knees caps.

(4). Heat resistant safety shoes are available to protect roofers, pavers, and other workersexposed to hot temperatures. Safety shoes should be sturdy and have impact - resistanttoes. Many come with metal insoles and other guards to better protect against puncturewounds.\

(5). Six and eight inch boots are preferred over the lower models because they will provideSupport and protection past the ankles.

(6). All employees work longer hours and as they get older shoe comfort becomes anincreasingly important factor in reducing fatigue.

(7). What about the footwear of visitors, non-workers and others who may access the worksite? Generally the hazards they'll encounter, should not be as risky as those faced bycompany's employees, as long as visitors and other non employees stay out of activeheavy work areas. But open - toed, medium or high - heeled shoes or sandals must notbe allowed on the worksite.

(8). Be careful that employees, when faced with wet and muddy conditions, don't elect towear inexpensive waterproof boots design for home use.

(9). Watch the &laces n safety foot - wear. Some laces attach near the top on metal eyelets

that eventually bend so the laces will come loose and flop around.


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FALL PROTECTION

Falls consistently cause a proportionally high number of serious injuries and deaths in the

Construction industry, year after year.

What can be done to protect the company employees?

General Guide lines.

(1) . Set a goal of 100 percent fall protection for the employees, using personal protectiveequipment and safe work practices and procedures.

(2). Install guardrails around open floors, walls, and platforms, wherever else falls are

possible. The top rails must be sturdy (strongly built) enough to withstand a 200 - poundload.

(3). Train workers in safe work practices before allowing them to work on foundation walls,roofs, trusses, and exterior wall and floor erections and installations.

(4). Whenever possible, employ fall protection system like slide guards and roof anchors andalternative work practices when a guardrail system cannot be used.

(5). Train all employees to recognize fall hazards, and support the training of competent

persons in your crews. Who will be able to set up and maintain effective fall - protectionsystem.

(6). Through local trade associations and regulatory agencies understand and abide by orexceed current minimum fall - protection regulations.

Where fall hazards exist


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There are plenty of places in the typical construction worksite from which employees can fall.

Some of these hazards include.

(a). Unprotected leading edges of floors, roofs, and building components under construction.

(b). Edges of trenches and Excavations.

(c). Roof of all pitches.

(d). Finished and unfinished skylights.(e). Stairways, ladders, Scaffolds and other work platforms.

(f). Wall openings.

Fall Protection Equipment

There are lot of fall - protection systems and safety equipment on the market with more beingdeveloped all the time. Here are some kinds of equipment currently available.

Full body harness :

There are numerous reason to use full body harness (see Fig - 1) instead of belts for personal fallprotection. When a fall occurs, belt deliver a vicious Jerk and severe impact to a person's midsectionWhich has had disastrous effect to many workers.A full body harness, however will suspend a person in sitting position where the buttock willabsorb most of the load.

( Fig - 1 )


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Shock - absorbing lanyards.

Shock - absorbing lanyards are fall protection devices whose jobs begins once a fall occurs. (Seefig - 2). They are attached at both ends - one end to a full body harness that someone is wearingand other end to a sturdy anchor point.(fig-2)

Self - retracting life lines.

Self - retracting lifelines are fall - arrest devices using self - retracting cables. They combine lockingmechanism with - energy dissipating (disperse) components that allow almost immediate - yetsmooth.- fall arrest.

Self - retracting lifelines are typically anchored to a point above the back attachment D - ring of fullbody harness. They're designed for use on jobs on vertical, horizontal or inclined planes.

Self - retracting life line involve components that are not able to be fully inspected by the users, theunit should be inspected by the manufacture at least once per year under normal operatingconditions. They're easy to maintain but certain precaution must be taken to ensure safety ofoperation.

(1) Lifelines must be inspected before each use. The user should pull out the entire length ofcable to check for damage and should pull sharply on the cable several times in order toverify that the breaking mechanism is working properly.

(2). The system, must only be used by workers who have been trained by a competent personin its operation and maintenance.

(3). To limit the possibility of a swing or pendulum (body suspended so as to be free toswing) the system must be anchored as close as possible to the user's head.

(4). Self - retracting life line must not be used with a body belt of any type. They must beattached to the back D - ring of a full body harness for maximum safety.


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(5). When the system is not in use, the cable should be fully rewound into the housing. Itshould always be rewound slowly. Never let it rewind freely even for a short distance.

(6). If an impact load is generated against the unit, it should be taken out of serviceimmediately and sent back to the manufacture for inspection and rectification.

(7). Positioning lanyards are generally construct of stretch - resistant three to six foot lengththat help a person with positioning only. They will prevent someone from getting tooclose to an edge or other hazard.They are available with a variety of anchorage hooks.

Snap hooks

Snap hook (see fig - 3) can be used as anchoring connectors on positioning devices and on shock -absorbing lanyards. They often contain double locking mechanisms to ensure against roll out or other

forms of accidental opening.As with all fall - protection devices, snap hooks should be inspected before each use.

(1). Determine if the hook gate can be opened without depressing the lock mechanism. Is itcan, discard the hook immediately.

(2). Check the integrity (soundness) of the spring mechanism. If a reasonable amount of forceis not needed to open the gate, or if the gate does not snap back in to place, the springmay be worn or damaged. If so discard the hook immediately.

(3).Check for visible sign of damage or wear, if the hook is cracked or otherwise damaged orhas been subject to a service impact load, discard the hook immediately.

(4). Bear in mind that if the hook has been subject to a load, the device to which it is attachedmay need to discard as well, depending on the device.

Recommendation for using Fall- Protection Equipment

(1). Determine and evaluate fall risks on the job site.

(2). Define an appropriate fall - arrest system for the job to be performed and provide anappropriate plan for rescue.

(3). Preferably select all system components from the same manufacture.

(4).Ensure that the equipment selected is in compliance with the laws and standardcurrently in force.


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(5). Check the conditions of use of the system by reading and complying with theinstructions supplied with the components.

(Fig - 3)

(6). Provide the user with initial and continuous training necessary for handling, using,maintaining and storing the equipment entrusted to him or her.

(7). Select reliable anchorage points located as close as possible to the user, and is possibleabove the user's head, having a minimum static strength at failure of at least 5,000

pounds.

(8). Carefully check each of the system components before each use.

(9). Avoid the user's working alone.

(10). Store the equipment under conditions that will not alter the system's components.

(11). Prevent any modification of a system component without prior agreement from themanufacture.

(12). Report any defect, anomaly (irregularity) wear, or fall that might effect a systemcomponent.

(13). Immediately remove from service any component that has been subjected to an impactload.

Fall - Proofing floor and wall openings

(1). Install guardrails around open floors and walls where the fall distance to the next level issix feet or greater. The top rails must be able to with stand a 200 - pound load.

(2). Construct guardrails with a top rail at 42 inches of height, with a mid rail about half thathigh. (21 - Inch)

(3). Install toe boards when other employees are working below the work area.


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(4). Cover floor openings larger than two inches square with material that can safely supportThe working load.

Alternatives to constructing guard rails.(1). Use other fall - protection systems like slide guards or roof anchors, or alternative safe -work practices when guard rail system cannot be used.

(2). Wear proper shoes or footwear to lessen slipping hazards.

(3). Train workers on safe work practices before performing work on foundation walls, roofs,trusses and where performing exterior wall erections and floor installations.

An example of a safe work practice is to have employees wrap their feet and legs aroundthe webs of trusses to lessen the possibility of a fall.

Working on Roofs.

(1). Check the slipping hazard before getting on to roof surfaces.Slimy algae like moss or similar growths can also create dangerous slipping hazard.

(2). Cover and secure all sky lights and openings, pr install guard rails to keep workers fromfalling through the openings.

(3). When roof pitch is over 4 : 12 and up to 6 : 12 install slide guards along the roof eaveafter the first three rows of roofing material installed.

(4). Use fall protection equipment where steep roofs or high ground to eave distances areinvolved.

(5). When storms, lightning, hail, high winds or other severs weather conditions createunsafe conditions, roof must be off - limits to employees.


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RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

When deals with hazardous materials or concentrations of materials that are harmful to life andhealth, need to have those hazards professionally evaluated by competent individuals, and also needrespiratory plan suitable for the work site.

Important Hints

(1).Respiratory protective devices shall be appropriate for the hazardous material involvedand the extent and nature of the work requirements and conditions.

(2). Employees required to use respiratory protective devices shall be thoroughly trained intheir use.

(3).Respiratory protective equipment shall be inspected regularly and maintained in goodcondition.

(4). Work closely with your local physician to make sure each respirator wearer is physicallysound.

(5). Use only certified respirators where applicable.

(6). Clean and disinfect respirators regularly Respirators used by more than one worker shallbe thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after

Naturally, it is necessary to do careful consideration to whatever respiratory hazards arepresent or created at the worksite before respirators are selected for employee use.

Dust : Solid particles in varying sizes, generally produced by grinding, drilling orblasting operations.

Fumes : Solid metal particles of extremely small size. (Generally less than one micrometerin diameter produced by welding and smelting operations).

Mists : Formed from atomized liquid with varying particle size, produced by spraying,plating, cleaning and mixing operations.

Gases : Like air, gases can spread freely throughout an area, sometimes displacing


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oxygen.

Vapors : Gaseous states of liquid formed at room temperature by evaporation solvents areone example.

TYPES OF RESPIRATOR

(a). Air - purifying respirators : - air - purifying respirators are used only in environment thatcontain enough oxygen to sustain life, or at least 19.5 % oxygen.They use special filters, and cartridges thatremove specific particulates, vapors, and gasesfrom the air.

(b). Supplied - air respirators :- These respirators are used in toxic environments, or inenvironments that are immediately dangerous to life and health. As long as they are equipped with an aircylinder for emergency escape.They provide a supply of air, for extended periods of time, through a

high-pressure hose that is connected to an external source of air such as a compressor, compressed aircylinder or portable breathing pump

(c). Self- contained breathing apparatus. (SCBA) :- Similar to the SCBA, concept, but designedfor use on land instead of under water. SCBA s provide the highest level of respiratory protectionavailable. They protect workers in oxygen deficient atmospheres, in poorly ventilated or confined spacesand in atmospheres that are immediately dangerous to life and health.


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.

ERGONOMICS (STUDY OF EFFICIENCY OFPERSONS IN THEIR WORKING ENVIRONMENT)

Ergonomics is considerably more than a set of laws (laws of work) or principles.

The application of ergonomics can mean much more than just preventing injuries and illness;an effective ergonomic program can improve productivity and quality, reduce waste, andmake individual task physically less demanding.

The building blocks of ergonomics include.

a) Lifting trainingb) Strength capabilitiesc) Hand-Grip techniquesd) Personal protective equipmente) Specialized toolsf) Duration of tasksg) Frequency of tasksh) Posturei) Body positioning

j) Repetitive motionsk) Body Mechanicsl)

Working surfacesm)Job complexity

n) Equipment Controlso) Environmental temperaturep) Environmental lightingq) Vibrationr) Environmental noises) Employee involvement

One goal of any effective ergonomic program is to identify which of the above mentioned factors mayaffect employee abilities or limitations to a point where the chance or error or injury becomes greater

than it should be much of the end result of any such program will depend upon employeeinvolvement . A typical ergonomics evaluation starts by identifying risk, .by reviewing past injuries.

Then jobs or tasks where employees have received injuries related to possible ergonomic, deficiencieswill take priority for analysis.

The evaluation process involves, observing the job and measuring or analyzing such elements asweight, distance, exertion time body position, and data from additional job factors. Critical to this


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information is input from the employees performing the work. Once solutions have been decidedupon and implemented, follow up needs to be done to confirm their effectiveness.

Not all solutions will be successful, so modification may have to be considered after a trial period.

Here's a basic ergonomics model can use, when analyzing jobs or tasks at your work sites.

Step-1 Identify Problem Jobs or Tasks

Identifying problem jobs or tasks requires a complete incident analysis . Use the company'sinvestigation backlog to screen incident report to prioritize jobs for analysis, assigning the highestpriorities to the jobs or tasks causing the highest frequency of injuries.

Step-2 Complete an ergonomic Job analysis

If videotaping the task will make studying the activities involved easier, do for identify risk factorsinfluencing the task provide specific measurement of risk factors frequencies, recovery timesweights, distance and similar factors, identify body parts affected by the risk factors.

Step-3 Identify Possible solutions

a) Reduce, force requirement of the taskb) Reduce the frequency of the taskc) Reduce the duration of the taskd) Provide required recovery time.


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SCAFFOLDING

Scaffolding needs to be chosen and erected under the guidance of a trained competent use involveshow the units are set up in the job.

Practice good housekeeping procedures

(a). Practice good housekeeping procedures on and near scaffolds. There precious little walkWay space on scaffolds, so keep those surfaces free of tools and debris.

(b). When got to stage materials and tools on a scaffold, keep them away from the edge ofthe platform.(c). During wet weather, mud and slippery gobs of fresh mortar or concrete should be

removed from the scaffolds as soon as possible.(d). Remember to remove belongings from the walkways before the scaffolds is moved or

altered from below.(e). Avoid tossing or dropping items from the scaffolds.(f ) .Materials should be raised or lowered by a hoist or lift, with a tag - line, if the material

could swing and strike the scaffold

General Conditions:-

(1). Provide ladders or stairs to get on to and off of scaffolds and work platforms safely.

(2). Erect scaffolds on firm and level foundations.

(3). Finished floors will normally provide a stable base and support a scaffolding load.

(4). Scaffold leg must be placed on firm footing and secured from moving or tipping,

especially on dirt or similar surfaces.

(5). Erecting and dismantling scaffolds must be under the supervision of a competent person.

(6). The competent person must inspect scaffolds before each use.(7). Don't use blocks, bricks or pieces of lumber to level or stabilize the footings.

Manufactured base plates or mud sills made of hardwood or the equivalent can be used.

Planking:-


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(a). Fully plank or use manufactured decking to provide a full work platform on scaffolds.The platform decking and / or scaffold plank must be scaffold grade and not have anyvisible defects.

(b). Extend planks or decking material at least 6 - inches over the edge, or cleat them toprevent movement. The work platform or planks must not extend more than 12 - inchesbeyond the end supports to prevent tipping when stepping or working.

(c). Be sure that manufactured scaffold planks are the proper size and that the end hooks areattached to the scaffold frame.

Scaffold Guardrails

(1). Use a standard guard rail on scaffold plat - forms that are more than 10 feet above the Ground orfloor surfaces. If guardrail are not practical, use other fall - protection devicessuch as safety harnessesand lanyards.

(2). Place the top rail 42 - inches above the work platform or planking, with a mid-rail at halfthat height, at 21 - inches.

(3).Install toe boards when other employees are working or accessing below the scaffold.

Scaffold design

Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and used within thosedesign specifications. Aqualified individual is one who, by possession of a recognized degreecertificate or professional standing or who be extensive knowledge, training and experience, hassuccessfully demonstrated his or her ability to solve or resolve problems related to the subject matterthe work or the project.


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LADDERSThere are too many important points regarding ladders and scaffoldings.

General ladder use

(1) Inspect ladders before each use, and after they fall or when they are mishandled in anyway.

(2) Are the steps secure and clean ?(3) Is anything broker or loose.(4) Are the side rails free of cracks and splinters.(5) Do the locks secure the base and fly section of an extension ladder.(6) Do the ropes for raising the fly section work properly.(7) Immediately tag out, arrange to repair, or destroy and discard defective ladders.(8) Positioning ladders correctly is important.(9) Avoid using metal ladders near electrical equipment.(10) Wood ladders can be coated with clear protectants, but they should not be painted. (The

paint could cover up and prevent cracks or other defect from being seen).

(11) Allow only one person on a ladder at a time.(12) Avoid carrying tools, materials, and other supplies up a ladder.(13) Avoid using ladders as extra pieces of scaffolding their weight capacity isn't accurate in

a horizontal position.(14) Ladders should not be placed in front of door opening toward the ladder unless the door

is locked, blocked or otherwise guarded.(15) Keep manufactured and job - made ladders in good condition and free of defects.(16) Use ladders only for what they were made, not as platforms, runways or scaffolding planking.

Straight or extension ladders

(1).Realize that the proper ratio of vertical height to the ladder support point to the horizontaldistance of an extension ladders feet away from the foundation is 4 to 1. that's also called the one -quarter rule. This rule will result in a proper 75.5' ladder angle which affords optimum balance andstability.


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(2). An extension ladder must extend at least 3- feet past the roof line if it's user will be climbing on tothe roof. (see fig - 01). Never stand any higher than the third step from the top on a straight orextension ladder.

(3). Short ladders should never be spliced together to provide long sections.

(4).If a ladder must be placed on uneven ground, a leveler should be used. (Rubber feet are

available for use on concrete or other potentially slippery surfaces).

(5). Before active use, an extension ladder should be tied off at the bottom, middle and top toprevent the ladder from moving or slipping.

(6). Never try to move a ladder while somebody on it.

(7). Never allow employees to climb too high on a ladder. That means not standing higher than thesecond, step from the top of a step ladder, or the third step from the top of an extension ladder.

(8). When storing extension ladders, if hung horizontally they should be supported about every 6 -feet. Be sure to avoid hanging and storing other items on or from a ladder.

(9). Recommend that two employees carry straight or extension ladders.


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Safe Operator

(a).The operator and ground helpers must understand all signs, flags and marking. They need toknow what hand, flag, horn, whistle, siren or bell signals mean and they should discuss operator toground helper / spotter communication before the job begins.

(b). Does the operator know how to operate all of the equipment on the machine. Does he or sheunderstand the purpose of all the controls, gauges and indicators.What about the rated load capacities, speed range, braking and steering characteristics turning radius

and operating clearness.

Know the work area

As much as possible, learn the lay of the land before operating.

(1). Keep in mind that rain, loose gravel or stone, soft ground and similar conditions can changewith weather conditions. Which can affect the operating capabilities of a machine.

(2). Exercise caution when crossing ridges, side hills, logs, ditches, deep and loose gravel andsimilar impediments to smooth travel

(3). Never work a machine beneath over hangs, under energized power lines or where thereis a danger of a stockpile, rock or earthen slide.

(4). When operating the machine inside a building, know what clearances you will encounter- Overhead, in doorways and in aisles plus the weight limitation of floors and ramps.

(5). Plan the work knows where to make pickups lifts and turns. Before raising a full loaded bucket,know where to dump it, and always carry the load low. Check overhead, check the clearances ofdoorways, canopies and overheads. Know exactly how much clearance you, have under power

and telephone cables. Never approach power lines with any part of the machine withoutpermission from relevant authority state or provincial institutions.

(6). Check underground for all digging, drilling and trenching operations. Know the locationof underground cables gas lines and water and drain pipes.

Dump TrucksSafety guidelines include.


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(1).An operator waiting to get loaded by a frond - end loader, backhoe or excavator shouldremain in the cab.

(2).Extremely important for drivers to use three point entries and exits from their vehicles.

(3).Dumping a load of stone where it's wanted can often be complicated by over head

electrical lines, phone lines, cable television lines and other utility installations.Remember that the bed of a tandem or triaxle dump truck can be raised lawfully highand make it a point to see that there's plenty of clearance before the dump occurs.

(4).Keep window glass and rear view mirrors clean and frost free, because visibility is such acritical part to safe - dump truck operations.

General guidelines for working with or around mobile cranes include.

(1). Never allow individuals to work beneath a suspended load.

(2).Use tag lines with suspended loads to help direct the placement of those loads.

(3).Know the basic hand signals of crane operation.

(4). Inspect all lifting slings, chokers, wire ropes, hooks, clamps and related attachments and otherrigging before each use. All hook require safety latches. Damage slings and other rigging need tobe destroyed or removed from the work site as soon as possible.

(5). Edge pads or softeners must be used when lifting loads having sharp edges to prevent damage tothe rigging and to get a firmer grip on the load.

(6).Allow no employees to hitch rides on slings or other rigging attachments that are liftedoff the grounds.

(7).The areas within the crane's swing radius and the areas beneath the lifting action, mustbe barricaded to limit employee access and prevent accidental entry.

(8).Safe clearances must be maintained between all parts of the crane plus its payload, and energized

power lines and equipment. If there's not proper clearance, the power line have to be either movedor shut down by authorized personnel - usually employees of the local electrical utility.

(9). Outriggers must be extended fully and set on firm ground or sturdily prepared pads orbases. The operating locations needs to be far enough away from shoring, excavations,trenches, foundations, underground utilities and any other area that could be affected bythe weight and vibration action from the crane and its loads.


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(10).Rated load capacities must be legibly displayed with paint, decals or other conspicuousmethod. The load capacity never be exceed.

HAZARDOUS ENERGY CONTROL

There are numerous sources of energy depending on activities going on at thework sites.

Many different energy sources and -their associated hazards can be present there

Energy Sources :

(1) Electrical(2) Mechanical Potential (energy that derive their power from gravity ; compression or otherstored mechanical forces)(3)Hydraulic(4)Pneumatic(5) Chemical(6) Thermal (Heat that come from electrical combustion, chemical action,Mechanical friction or other sources.(7) Radiation (Radiation is energy consisting as alpha, beta, neutron, gamma andX - rays .)near the top of the list of dangerous work site energy sources is electricity.

Consider the following pointers for preventing electrical fires.

Carefully inspect electrical system, outlets and cords. Follow good housekeeping practices, keep potential fuel source away from

electrical equipment. Perform maintenance on electrical equipment faithfully follow manufacturers

recommendation for component replacements - Cleaning, filter changes and allrepairs.

Don't overload circuits and outlets Don't operate equipment that has greater energy demands than your

electricalsystem is Engineered to supply

Personal Protective Equipment :-

The most effective way to safe guard employees is to make sure they are thoroughly trained to avoidaccidental contact with electricity. They need to de- energize a system being worked on or to just stayaway from live electrical parts. Is that isn't possible, the task must be performed by qualified


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(i) In work areas where the exact location of underground electrical power unknown, employeesusing Jack hammers bars, or other hand tools that may contact the lines must be protected byinsulating gloves, aprons or other protective clothing that will provide equivalent electricalprotection.

Out- door electrical safety :

These and similar guidelines should be followed for outdoor electrical use.

(a) Make sure out door electrical outlets a weatherproof and protected by ground fault circuitinterrupters.

(b) All outdoor lighting fixtures, extension cords, and other accessories must bedesign for outdoor use.

Avoid using electric landscaping or other power tools during wet conditions.

(d) Keep employees away from power lines, especially when they are working with ladders,dump trucks, gutters, antennas, or equipment that could come in contact with them.When employees must work with a ladder near power lines, they should useonly nonconductive ladders made of fiberglass or wood.

(e)Underground wires must be located before digging begins.

Remember that hazardousprinciples are not solely for electrical equipment.Theprocedure applies to

otherenergysources as well.

Worksite examples of hazardous energy control include.

(a) Unplugging a power saw before changing the blade.(b) Blocking up a backhoe front end while changing a wheel tyre.(c) Removing the ignition keys from construction equipment when the equipment isnot in use.(d) Storing sheet materials suc

safety policy statement

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