safety of electronic equipment safeguards to reduce harmful exposure to energy sources
DESCRIPTION
ECMA-287. Safety of Electronic Equipment Safeguards to reduce harmful exposure to energy sources . Ecma TC12. Transfer Mechanism. Harmful Energy Source. ECMA-287 Hazard Based Safety Engineering (HBSE) Models. Harm Model Safety Model. Harmed Body Part. Harmful Energy Source. Safe - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Safety of Electronic EquipmentSafeguards to reduce
harmful exposure to energy sources
Ecma TC12
ECMA-287
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ECMA-287 Hazard Based Safety Engineering (HBSE) Models
Harm Model
Safety Model
HarmfulEnergySource
TransferMechanism
HarmedBody Part
HarmfulEnergySource
Safeguards SafeBody Part
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Hazard Based Safety Engineering
Procedure
Procedure:• Identify Injury harm or
hazards• Identify energy sources
and energy transfer means• Specify safeguards:
• Rationale (why), • Requirements (performance), • and function (what it does)
• Specify criteria and/or construction parameters for conformance tests that demonstrate effectiveness.
No
Improve or add safeguards
IDENTIFY ENERGYSOURCE
IS ENERGY SOURCEHAZARDOUS?
IDENTIFY MEANS BY WHICHENERGY CAN BE
TRANSFERRED TO A BODY PART
DESIGN SAFEGUARD THATPREVENTS ENERGY
TRANSFER TO A BODY PART
MEASURE/TEST SAFEGUARDEFFECTIVENESS
IS SAFEGUARDEFFECTIVE?
DONE
Yes
Yes
No
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Hazard Based Safety Engineering Practices
HBSE Practices used for ECMA-287:• Risk Analysis and Field Experience review used to:
• Develop Performance Based Criteria and• Acceptable Construction Criteria.
• Hypotheses confirmed in laboratory tests
Note that Risk Analysis considers both the:• Event probability and• its consequences.
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Hazard Based Safety Engineering Benefits
ECMA-287:• Eases the market introduction of new technology;• Unified standard for a broad range of products;• Minimises national or regional differences;• Increases Design Freedom;• Increases stability due to technology independence; • Provides rationale for basis of requirements;• Increases ‘User friendliness’ and usability due to
(conformance based) type test nature • Useful for designers;• Suitable to assess conformance by suppliers, purchasers and certifiers
(but NOT a certification document).
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ECMA-287 Justification
Former Product Safety standards:• Were too diverse: safety requirements differed widely
due to emerge of „Multi-Media-Equipment“ products in the mid 90’s
• Changed too frequently because: • design oriented rather than performance based• Maintenance cycles required for any technology evolution
• Were not always based on sound engineering principles • Were lacking for some product families • Were difficult to use (Cross references)
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Broad Industry Participationin Ecma TC12
Note, VDE and SEMKO also contributed to the ECMA-287 development.
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Hazard Based Safety StandardScope
ECMA-287 facts:
• To large extent technology independent Safety Standard; • Scope is ICT and CE equipement rated less than 600 V rms;• Covers products currently under the scopes of IEC 60065 and
60950-X;• New safety standard (NOT a merger of IEC 60065 and 60950-1);• Ecma International Technical Committee 12 draft, based on IEC
basic safety publications and HBSE (Hazard Based Safety Engineering) principles;
• Freely and electronically available here: ECMA-287;• Contributed to IEC TC 108 for further elaboration.
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HazardCategories
Hazard Categories:• Electric Shock• Fire• Burn• Mechanical• Chemical• Radiation
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Electric Shock HazardSubjects
Electric Shock Injury• Hazardous and non-hazardous values of energy sources
(voltage/current/time/frequency, contact area, etc.)
Safeguards• Insulation Coordination (creepage, clearance, solid
insulation)• Protective Earthing• Components, barriers, enclosures
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Fire HazardSubjects
Fire Hazards (property damage)• Define hazardous and non-hazardous values of energy
sources (voltage, power, time, candle flame, etc.)
Safeguards• Component and material selection• Functional insulation• Barriers, separation, enclosures, etc.
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Burn HazardSubjects
Burn Injury (high temperatures, molten metal, high frequency)
• Hazardous and non-hazardous values of energy sources (temperature, heat transfer, time, contact area, etc.)
Safeguards• Component and material selection• Thermal insulation• Barriers, separation, enclosures, etc.
Note: Chemical Hazards cover Burn injury from chemicals
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Mechanical HazardSubjects
Mechanical related injury• Sharp edges and corners• Hazardous moving parts• Implosion/Explosion• Instability• Integrity of mounting means
Safeguards• Components, barriers, separation, guards, enclosures
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Radiation HazardSubjects
Radiation related injury• Ionizing radiation • Non-ionizing radiation
Safeguards• ECMA-287 refers to existing IEC standards that
address some aspects of non-ionizing radiation. • IEC is developing and standardising safeguards for
other aspects of non-ionizing radiation. Ecma TC12 will consider referring those standards in future editions of ECMA-287.
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Chemical HazardSubjects
Chemical related injury (burns, toxicity, explosion)• Hazardous and non-hazardous values.
Safeguards• Component and material selection• Containment, ventilation• Barriers, separation, etc.
Safeguard properties• Chemical resistance • Compatibility
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Section FormatClause
• States objective of clauseDefines limits between hazardous and non-hazardousSpecifies principal safeguards
• Location of safeguard• Safeguard parameters• Safeguard parameter tests/construction
Specifies supplemental safeguards• Location of safeguard• Safeguard parameters• Safeguard parameter tests/construction
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