safe and effective use of herbicides for melaleuca control ken langeland uf/ifas agronomy department...
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Safe and Effective Use of Herbicides for Melaleuca Control
Ken Langeland
UF/IFAS Agronomy Department
Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants
• Safety– Personal protection– Environmental
• Non-target vegetation
• Wildlife
• Effectiveness– Application technique– Herbicide selection
Per
sona
l Pro
tect
ion
Equ
ipm
ent Eye protection
Long sleeves
Chemical resistant gloves
Follow label PPE instructions!
MethodsOf
Application
Hack and Squirt
Cut Stump
Foliar
Imazapyr Terrestrial: Arsenal
Aquatic: Habitat
Foliar, Stump, Hack and Squirt
Hexazinone Velpar L, Velpar ULW Soil
Glyphosate Terrestrial: Roundup, Glyphos, Glypro plus
Aquatic: Rodeo, Glypro, Aquapro, Aquamaster, Aquaneat
Foliar (+ imazapyr)
Stump, Hack and Squirt (+ imazapyr),
Triclopyr amine Terrestrial: Garlon 3A
Aquatic: Renovate 3
Stump
Triclopyr ester Garlon 4 Stump
Imazapic Plateau Foliar
Herbicides Used for Melaleuca Control
Active Ingredient Brand Name(s) Application Method
Inactive xylem
Active xylem
Cambium and phloem
Bark
Woody Stems
Cut Stump Applications
• Cut as close to ground as possible
• If possible cut stumps level!
• Concentrate herbicide just inside bark
• Treat entire circumference
• Use dyes to keep track of what’s been treated
• Treat within 15 minutes of cut
Hack and Squirt• Cut all the way around stem
• Cut all the way in to cambium
• Apply herbicide to exposed cambium
• Use dyes
• Treat within 15 minutes of cut
Foliar Application
• Mature leaves very leathery
• Most herbicides will not penetrate
• Surfactants very important
Bobwhite quail Laboratory Rat
Glyphosate >4,640 4,300
Hexazinone >10,000 1,690
Imazapic >2,150 >5,000
Imazapyr >5,000 >5,000
Triclopyr amine >10,000 2,574
Triclopyr ester 9,026 1,581
Caffeine 192
Acute Toxicity
The lower the number, the higher the toxicity (i.e., it takes a smaller amount to cause toxicity)
Herbicide Behavior in Soil
Root Uptake Half-life MobilityGlyphosate None 47 days Bound
Hexazinone High 90 days High
Imazapic Moderate 120 days Moderate
Imazapyr High 25-142 days Moderate
Triclopyr Low 30 days Moderate
• Current Control – Aerial w/ 3qt Arsenal + 3qt
Rodeo + 4 MSO– Girdle w/ 25% Arsenal + 25%
Rodeo, 50% Arsenal– Cut-stump w/ 25% Arsenal
Prairie Pines
Treated 1/05
Holiday Park
Treated 3/05
US Sugar
Treated 1/05
Arsenal + Rodeo
3 qt + 3 qt 80 80 95
Rodeo
7.5 pt 0 <50 x
Garlon 3 A
3 qt 50 <50 65
Velpar
8 qt 99 60 x
Plateau
12 oz 99 x x
Aerial Herbicide Applications to Melaleuca at TAME Demonstration Sites
Estimated percent control
Prairie Pines Holiday Park US Sugar
Arsenal + Rodeo
25% + 25% 95 100 100
Rodeo 100% 95 99 100Arsenal 100% 95 100 100
Hack and Squirt Herbicide Treatments at TAME Demonstration Sites
Estimated percent control
Prairie Pines Holiday Park US Sugar
Arsenal + Rodeo
25% +25%100 85 100
Rodeo 100% 99 50 95Arsenal 100% 100 95 100Garlon 3A 100% 95 80 100
Cut Stump Herbicide Treatments at TAME Demonstration Sites
Estimated percent control
Treatment Lee 1 Lee 2 Broward
Garlon 3A 5% 100 70 70
Garlon 3A 20% 100 90 70
Brush-B-Gon 100 80 90
Brush Killer 100 90 90
Garlon 3A 50% 100 100 50
Garlon 3A 100% 100 90 70
Roundup SC 25% 100 80 60
Roundup SC 50% 70 100 100
Roundup SC 100% 100 100 100
Arsenal 25% 100 100 100
Untreated 0 50 20
Results: Mortality (%) of melaleuca stumps
Herbicide Labor Total
Arsenal + Rodeo
25% +25%2,166 3,192 5,358
Rodeo 100% 284 3,192 3,476Arsenal 100% 1,708 3,192 4,900Garlon 3A 100% 436 3,192 3,628Arsenal + Rodeo
25% + 25% 921 1,466 2,387
Rodeo 100% 688 1,466 2,154Arsenal 100% 968 1,466 2,434
Herbicide Treatment Costs ($/acre) for Cut stump (shaded) and Hack and Squirt
Conclusions• Roundup SC best homeowner recommendation• Brush-B-Gon, Brush Killer provide adequate control for
homeowners• Arsenal (>25%) provides most consistent results• To minimize non-target damage
– Cut close to ground and level– Apply 50-100% Rundup solution– Put enough (?) on
• Cost comparison (per gallon)– Arsenal $260– Garlon 3A $65– Roundup $20– Rodeo $40
Slanting cuts reduce control with glyphosate
Cut as short as possible for best control with glyphosate
This is difficult to walk in ------- and dangerous
Non-target damage can be site specific!
Questions?