IST 210

DATABASE DESIGN

PRESENTATION BY,

KAMALA SARANYA .R

KANIMOZHI. S

MBA – II YEAR

IST 210 Database Design

Database design is the process of producing a detailed data model of a database. This logical data model contains all the needed logical and physical design choices and physical storage parameters needed to generate a design in a Data Definition Language, which can then be used to create a database.

IST 210 Key points Database design must reflect the information system of

which the database is a part Information systems undergo evaluation and revision

within a framework known as the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Databases also undergo evaluation and revision within a framework known as the Database Life Cycle (DBLC)

There are two general design strategies exist: top-down vs. bottom-up design centralized vs. decentralized design

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Data Raw facts stored in databases Need additional processing to become useful

Information Required by decision maker Data processed and presented in a meaningful

form

Changing Data into Information

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Database Carefully designed and constructed repository of facts Part of an information system

Information System Provides data collection, storage, and retrieval Facilitates data transformation Includes people, hardware, and software

Software: Database(s), Application programs, and Procedures

The Information System

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Systems Development Life Cycle

System Analysis

DatabaseOrganization

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Phase 2

Phase 1

Phase 3

Phase 4

Phase 5

Phase 6

Database Lifecycle (DBLC)

DatabaseOrganization

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Database Design Phases

IST 210 Phases Database Requirement Phase Database design Phase Implementation and Loading Phase Testing and Evaluation Phase Operation Phase Maintenance and Evaluation Phase

IST 210 Phase 1: Database Requirements

Analyze company situation Operating environment Organizational structure

Define problems and constraints Define objectives Define scope and boundaries

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Requirements Specification

IST 210 Phase 2: Database Design

It is derived from DBLC phase Makes sure final product meets requirements Focus on data requirements Sub phases

I. Create conceptual design II. DBMS software selection III. Create logical design IV. Create physical design

IST 210 Two Views of Data

IST 210 I. Conceptual Design

High level of abstraction Three steps

Data analysis and requirements Entity relationship modeling and normalization Normalization is a systematic way of ensuring that a

database structure is suitable for general-purpose querying and free of certain undesirable characteristics—insertion, update, and deletion that could lead to a loss of data integrity.

Data model verification

IST 210 Data analysis and Requirements Focus on:

Information needs Information users

Data sources Developing and gathering end-user data views Direct observation of current system

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Entity Relationship Modeling and Normalization

IST 210 E-R Model Verification Process

IST 210 II. DBMS Software Selection

DBMS software selection is critical and selection should be based on Cost DBMS tools Portability DBMS hardware requirements

IST 210 DBMS TOOLS

phpMyAdmin

It helps to create/manage databases, tables, db users, optimize and check for errors in your db tables, run queries, export/import data in plenty of file formats, and much more

Navicat for MySQL

It helps in creating complex database queries, a report builder for printing out db queries that the boss can understand, a task scheduling assistant for scheduled execution of jobs.

SQLyog

It is a tool for professional database administration. Sequel Pro

It is a database management front-end tool which helps to easily navigate the application.

Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio

It helps to browse, select, and perform tasks on database objects.

IST 210 III. Logical Design

A logical design is the CONCEPTUAL BLUEPRINT of software application, illustrating entities, relationships, rules, and processes.

Business Airline Ticket search and buyProductivity / Communication Email creating a PowerPoint presentation (PPT) Facebook, TwitterResearch/Education Google search Yahoo Answers

IST 210 IV. Physical Design

Selection of data storage and access It is the detailed design of a system that

includes modules & the database's hardware & software specifications of the system.

IST 210 Phase 3: Implementation and Loading

Data loaded into tables Other issues

Performance Security Backup and recovery Integrity

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Phase 4: Testing and Evaluation

Database is tested for performance, integrity, concurrent access, and security constraints

Done in parallel with application programming Actions taken if tests fail

Modification of physical design Modification of logical design Upgrade or change DBMS software or hardware

IST 210 Phase 5: Operation

Starts process of system evaluation Unforeseen problems may surface Demand for changes

IST 210 Phase 6: Maintenance and Evaluation Preventative maintenance Corrective maintenance Adaptive maintenance Periodic security audits based on system-

generated statistics Periodic system usage-summaries

IST 210 DB Design Strategy

Top-down 1) Identify data sets 2) Define data elements

Bottom-up 1) Identify data elements 2) Group them into data sets

IST 210 Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up

IST 210 Centralized vs Decentralized Design

Centralized design Typical of simple databases Conducted by single person or small team

Decentralized design Larger numbers of entities and complex

relations Spread across multiple sites Developed by large teams

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ANY QUERIES ???

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THANK YOU