EditorsMd. Shahriar Wajed KhanMd. Nazmul HaqKawshik AdnanA. B. M FerdausMirza Md. ZakariaJahed Pervez Chowdhury

Graphics DesignSheikh Saif Al Rashid9th batch, BBA, KU

Cover DesignMd. Muinul Haq TanveerParadigm.Maghbazar, Dhaka.

Published Byth9 Batch BBA Program

Business Administration DisciplineSchool Of Management Business AdministrationKhulna University

Phone: 880-41-721791, Fax: 880-41-731244Email : October, 2002.

somba@ku.khulnanet.net

To them who are not bestowed on is a wonder how humans

communicate to one another, nonetheless the have-nots

allude what they want to flow to counterparts. Still human's

way transcends. A borderline keeps the both sides' residents

apart on the yardstick of education with unquestioned

refutation. Education enlightens and edifices our souls to

acme. The fact that traveling across border with a view to

proliferating the sack of experience on exotic culture,

etiquette of like our institute and commercial and industrial

settings with own eyes, has received enormous significance,

all being to wield extraction on where paucity enfeebles our

endogenous learning and production system. The intended

practical knowledge beyond the bounds is much too often

shared with the SAARC countries dispensing multi-facets of

patterned cognition and information to the learners. We

consecrate our hearty felicitation and flawless gratitude to

them without whose patronage the entire arrangement

would have been weighed as futile, specially to Tanveer

Bhai,and Ifty. Add to it all our wring holders who went all out

for that will thankfully be received.

prologueprologue

MESSAGE

thIt is blissful to know that the 9 batch (third year students) of Business Administration Discipline is going on a study tour to some of the SAARC countries. I do appreciate this initiative and venture for exposing academic activities.

In this era of business the students are going to lead the future business dominant world. In business it is of paramount importance to know how people think of different perspectives. Such study tour will help the students to gather ideas and views about entrepreneurship, products and consumers. The endeavor will open up their eyes to give a close look to the corporate and business environment of SAARC countries. All the experiences they earn will eventually act to enrich their education and wisdom. This venture will help them shoulder the business activities of the country.

I hope such a noble initiative taken by the discipline and students will contribute something noteworthy to the career of the participating students. I hope heartily that the students would enjoy the tour and return safely.

Professor Abdul kadir Bhuiyan Vice-chancellor,Khulna UniversityDEAN (in-charge)School Of Management and Business Administration Khulna UniversityKhulna.

Professor Abdul kadir Bhuiyan Vice-chancellorKhulna University

KHULNA -9208, BANGLADESH.Phone :880-41-721393, 720171-3Fax :880-41-731244E-mail :ku@bdonline.com

MESSAGE

Since the inception of history, many adventurous people have taken pains to travel around different parts of the world. Their journey has quenched their thirst for knowing the unknown and at the same time has enriched human knowledge. So the necessity of traveling to broaden mind does not require any advocacy.

thIt is nice to know that the students of 9 batch BBA of Business Administration Discipline have taken deliberate initiative to visit several SAARC countries. I appreciate their efforts and expect that they will make constructive use of the study tour.

I wish them a nice and safe tour.

Professor Syed Zabid HossainPro-vice chancellor, Khulna University.Khulna.

Professor Syed Zabid HossainPro-vice chancellor Khulna University

KHULNA -9208, BANGLADESH.Phone :880-41-721393, 720171-3Fax :880-41-731244E-mail :ku@bdonline.com

Business Administration DisciplineKhulna University,

KHULNA -9208, BANGLADESH.Phone :880-41-721791, Fax:880-41-731244E-mail:somba@ku.khulnanet.net

MESSAGE

thThe 9 batch students are going to arrange a study tour to SAARC countries. This tour will enhance the managerial skill of the business students of the discipline. I am very proud to be a part of this enthusiastic effort. The tour officials have worked hard for the successful arrangement of the tour in the eve of their preparatory leave and term final exam. I would like to congratulate them from the bottom of my heart.

I would like to thank Dr. Nazrul Islam, head of the discipline for his friendly and sincere cooperation for the arrangements. I wholeheartedly wish every success of the tour.

B. Ranajit KumarAssistant Professor,Coordinator SAARC tour 2002Business Administration DisciplineKhulna University Khulna

Business Administration DisciplineKhulna University,

KHULNA -9208, BANGLADESH.Phone :880-41-721791, Fax:880-41-731244E-mail:somba@ku.khulnanet.net

MESSAGE

thIt is a great pleasure for me to say a few words on the study tour of the 9 batch BBA students of Business Administration Discipline. They are going to visit SAARC countries soon this tour will help them to acquire knowledge about the socio-economic developments of SAARC countries. It will create opportunities for the students to exchange their ideas with foreign students, professors and various business professionals.I hope, the students will gather international experience by the tour that will help them to improve their practical knowledge on business management.

I thank the students and the coordinator for organizing such tour within very short time.

I hope the students will enjoy the tour.

Dr. Nazrul Islam Head,Business Administration DisciplineKhulna University,

“Sharing”; the loveliest adaptation concept of the world is the exact assertion to me to uphold the convention of Business Administration Discipline of SOMBA. We are not a bit less than a family. Guidance and caring from teachers', love from seniors', and affection to juniors' don't even let us have a minute of solitude from our heartfelt “family”. Congenital traditions and strict disciplinary regulations are nourishing our intimation, round the clock among us.

Our heading to SAARC TOUR 2002 is nothing but a part of that nourishment. Through the academic affiliation we are going to take over the exploration of knowledge from the tour; an endeavor to enhance our experience.

Accomplishment of the tour will only become into a success if we can achieve our target of exploration through Observing & traveling. As a students' convener, I wish to convey my gratitude to our Head of the Discipline, Respected teachers', and to my beloved friends' whose contribution is an inseparable part of this devoir. I implore to all for the tour be safe and success.

M. MoniruzzamanConvener,SAARC tour 2002,Business Administration Discipline,School Of Management and Business Administration,Khulna University.

Words of convenerWords of convener

s a a r c t o u r o f b a t c h o f 9 9

b u s i n e s s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n d i s c i p l i n e

mates of 99

tracts n’ facts

Foundation: 1987

Commencement: 1991

No. Of Schools: 5

No. Of Discipline: 16

Campus: 150 Acres

Total Students: 2230

Total Teachers: 190

Teacher Student Ratio: 1:12

Medium of study: English

Average Class Size: 35 Students

Student Demographics:

Bangladeshi: 96.1%

Foreigner: 3.9%

Lab: CIS, MIS, GIS, Unix, Remote Sensing and Language Lab

Library: A Central Library & Seminar Library for each School

Publications: By University Authority- Khulna University Studies,

Bishwabiddaloy Barta (University Bulletin) Business

Review,

By Students-Cluster, Somoy, Sutrapat,

Sports: Football, Cricket, Handball, Badminton, Tennis, Table

Tennis & Athletics

Clubs: Cultural Club (Kath Thokra, Kristi, Readers Forum,

Debating Club), Rotaract Club, Environmental Science Club,

Business club, IT Club.

!Free from Student Politics and Session Jam Khulna University is a place of

dynamic and multinational/racial students, which have made it one of

the most cultural, diversified Universities of Asia. Varsity Shuttles run

between Khulna Metropolitan City and campus. Students have

internship and cooperative education position. Course credit system

standardizes the student evaluation process. Provides dwelling facilities

with three residential Halls.

In need of higher educational institute in the southern belt of the country, Khulna University was founded in 1987. Due

to physical disadvantages, this region was remaining underdeveloped for a long period, but ample natural resources

lend it high potential for development. A wide area of

mangrove forest and a long coastal belt is acting as a prime

contributor to the country's economy. With a view to research

& Development of these resources Khulna University emerged

as an utmost promising ground. At the outskirt of khulna city, on

Sher-e bangle road, this university is the dream of this locality.

This is a radiant institute of learning and vision with a variety of

educational, cultural and social experiences. The students and

researchers from a wide array of fields explore academic,

research and career opportunities here. The courses offered

and teaching method of is synchronized with current

phenomenon of global environment, which is the cutting age of

this university.

thSecond convocation of Khulna University has taken place on 14

February 2001. Three hundred forty graduates of three schools

received their degrees from the then honorable president of

government republic of Bangladesh and chancellor justice

Shahabuddin Ahmed. At the very adjacent to the campus, lies a

tombstone of martyrs as an evidence of the genocide of

liberation war 1971. We remember their self-sacrifice with deep

veneration.

darting a glimpse at khulna university

A pride of southern region that relates to which the people of other parts do mull over to take an instance of an educational foot stair amid wearisome environment, embodies the sculpture of Khulna University. There is a growing impressive look on business administration aiming at mustering the cyclic chain of on-going business paradise, which has doubtless owed us over tome. Of its birth first ever akin to it are we well apprised. The nation wants the offspring to get at what counts as supremacy to achievement, a dream impelling us to have it turned into reality, and this Discipline under the auspices of some mastermind mentors, has discerned the challenge of producing the graduates time-worthy and combating. That we are to bolster our dream commensurate with activities we put into effect is a matter felt crucial to bring in.

bits of ours

First academic building

Students in seminar libreary

MBA Program Sailed ThroughIn the teeth of many a quandary, the authority taking in hand the travel is extolled to the hearts of all since the faculty has now turned over a new leaf to the full- blown. We saw the class of the first semester go successfully past with giving way all likely aids to infusing education into the recipients. The program is expected to make public more in the offing.

Course Revamped to AdaptStereotype is pondered to be an affliction of courses that need be acclimatized to changes of demand in all rounds and our discipline was no exception to suffering the courses left unchanged for years since it setout. Things that please us are that the courses have been refurbished on many points made merely to streamline and update. Designing the courses at 138 credit hours with optional at 152 gives in prerogatives that help the students enrich the internal and external proficiency compatible with competitive job market. Internship, a non-credit course is so introduced as to acquaint organizations with BBA graduates about what they have, as yet, learnt literally and letting the products see some room to taste the rigor of real world.

WorkshopOur discipline disposed a two-day workshop of efficacy on Research Methodology, which Z. A. Mamun, acting director of IBA administered on September 7&8, paying a sterling addition to the discipline of emblematic research learning. Students present in person really benefited at this sort. Last year a workshop was arranged with Mr. Mamun in the chair and this would continue from this year onward.

On Campus Recruitment Some conspicuous eligibility and ingenuity of our fore footers already engaged drove British American Tobacco, an unrivalled server of its kind, to hold high of us and likewise to conduct interview for recruitment in the premises in the year of 2000. This will run unstopped.

Expatriate Teachers HomeAfter successful completion of doctorate degree, our teacher Mr. Nazrul Islam assuming at later time the authority in charge has recently made for joining in the office. Credit is due to Mrs. Sharmin Afrin, a teacher for her outstanding result conceding gold medal at AIT. There are other members of the Discipline yet to tie flight home.

Bade Farewell to Batch 98As we enter a new place, it is of eternity that we have to leave what we were in till this time behind us shedding for those of bygones. We are, though, resilient for enthroning the crown of another new entirety in which to inhere.Our seniors left us making go off the deep end some days back. To our every possible way, we arranged a heart-rending program to cover valedictory ritual to the departing seniors who will, prayed, bear over the future challenge.

Orientation of Batch 2002An official custom is that the students stepping afresh are introduced to the Discipline at an orientation ceremonial. Reception through orientation program of students of batch 2002 is underway like other years. The sophomores will unmistakably put own ideology and new comers' together in a festivity Fresher Reception.

The Seminar Library and MIS LabSeminar library of BA Discipline was renamed as Saiful Azam Seminar Library to reminisce

thabout our 4 batch student Mr. Saiful Azam (Riad), who breathed his last in a road accident in Dhaka University campus. All the students and teachers are working together to enrich the collections of books in Saiful Azam Seminar Library. Recently internet facilities were introduced in the library. Recently, the MIS (Management Information System) lab has been equipped with six computers of upgraded configuration that will enhance our computer facilities. Previously the MIS lab consisted of 28 users LAN (Local Area Network) with a dedicated Intel Pentium and SPARCRICS based super performance server. The lab was optimized to work as database Internet server on LAN environment for small work groups. The new introduction of upgraded machines will enhance the performance of the lab.

Total students: 47

Offered credit: 150

Credit completed: 127

Graduation date: October 30, 2003

Major research works:

! Customers' attitude towards automation in banking services! Critical success factors for poultry entrepreneurship in Khulna city! Banning of polythene and its impact on economy & environment! Study of employee motivation of different level! Effective business plan with SWOT analysis! Problems for expansion of credit card among middle class people! Customers' satisfaction with the services of private clinics in Khulna city! Study on problem evaluation of micro credit management! Security market analysis: A comprehensive study on Dhaka Stock Exchange! Consumer behavior pattern towards utility services in Khulna city

Major research works:

th9 batch profile

Session starts: November 01, 1999

th9 batch profile t

mo

nm

es

moments

Roll No Name Hobbies Interest Strengths Weakness

990303 Shahreen Shabnam ------ ------ ------- -------

990304 A.K.M Hamidur Rahman Novels, movie songs, gossiping Individuality of people Self-confidence, patience, honesty, diligent Lack of patience

990305 Sabera Fatema Reading books Knowing others Belief in Allah Lack of patience

990306 Monira Parvin Traveling, reading novels About man, new places, story books Self-confidence, friendly Skeptic

990307 Farhana Afrin Gardening, traveling, gossiping, reading About different places and cultures Patience, friendly, Lack of confidence,

990309 Israt Jahan -------- -------- -------- --------

990310 Md. Moniruzzaman -------- Computer Programming Pious Introvert

990311 Abu Sufian Islam Dreaming, traveling, playing Playing billiard, international business Be true to own self, patience Emotion

990312 Sawkin Ferdous Singing, reading novels. Listening music, Honesty, truthfulness, openness Emotionality

990313 M. Iqbal Uddin Khan Traveling, meditation, gossiping Human psyche, adventure Depends only on almighty Idleness, introvert

990314 Kawshik Adnan Reading books Woman psychology Critical reasoning Daydream

990315 Md. Musfiqur Rahman Making fun About everything Self-confidence Can not say “No”

990316 Md. Razibul Islam Traveling, fishing Sports(Cricket, Table Tennis), music Patience, self-confidence Lack of openness

990317 M.M. Mahabub Alam Listening music, wondering around Adventure Self-confidence, open minded Lack of interest

990319 Md. Shahriar Wazed Khan Watching movies, reading books speech, writing, languages Religious beliefs Deviation

990320 Mahmuda Ahmed Listening music, watching movie To learn different languages and cultures Honesty, truthfulness, openness Lack of patience

990321 M.Moniruzzaman Watching movie, playing cricket Building relationship, Presentation Can make people comfortable to interact, Stubborn

990322 Shah Mahmudul Hasan Al Mamun Gardening, visiting places Cricket, chess, Maintain the facts, honesty, confidence Extra belief upon people

990323 Debabrata Mondal Gardening, reading, gossiping Chess, cricket Honesty, courage Lack of desirability

990324 Md. Jahed P. Chowdhury Flying kite, collecting pen Western music & western movie Altruism Impressionable

990325 Farzana Emran Tania Reading To know the different cultures Patience Lack of openness

990326 Shaikh Saif-Al-Rashid Drawing, reading, listening music Graphic design Instantaneous, self confidence pessimistic

990327 S.M Farhad Mahbub Playing basketball In acting, movie Amazing courage of saying truth Gullible

990328 Md. Zahir Raihan Traveling, playing cricket Computer game Friendly Sensitive to criticism

990329 Shamima Khatun Rozy Gardening, cooking To know the world Compromising, open-minded Lack of interest

990330 Rathindra Nath Roy Reading, debating, music To do something special Open minded, motivation to do new Stubborn

990331 Mostofa mahmud Reading newspapers, watching movie Reading, traveling ------ ----

990332 Jahangir Alam Shaown Reading, seeing movie, traveling Computer game, work with Photoshop, music Honesty, self-confident, open minded Idleness

990333 Syed Taslim Arif Listening music, gossiping, movie, traveling To be a successful entrepreneur Honesty, coping different people & place Insincere to time

990334 Md. Niaz Morshed Traveling Watching action movie Self-confident Lack of patience

990335 Tanmoy Shahriar Music, literature Cultural revolution Self-confidence, honesty, diligent, love Too much belief in people

990336 Quazi Tasnim Hasan Traveling, reading Sports, Economics Optimistic --------

990338 Abdur Shukur Mollah Traveling To understand & watching people Forgiveness --------

990339 A.B.M Ferdaus Reading tech-magazine New technology Unknown --------

990340 Nazmul Huq Reading thrillers Sports, Economics Faith in Allah Work-shy

990341 S.M Khaled Muktadir Reading newspapers, watching movie Extemporary speech, current affairs Achievement motivation, self-confidence Idleness, reckless

990342 Md. Khaled Salauddin Sports, reading newspapers, traveling To know the world history, watching TV Self-confidence, diligent Idleness

990343 S.M Sajid Raihan Reading, traveling, playing Making friendship, sports, economics Honesty, ambitious Idleness

990344 Md. Zahidur Rahman Reading newspapers, listening music, sports About the life style and culture of foreign ladies Brilliance, energetic, honesty Sleeping &Talking more

990345 Md. Kamrul Islam Reading, playing football, cricket Enjoying the pastime Truthfulness Can not manage time

990346 Sarwar pervez Tushar Watching cricket, reading Cricket world Honesty, self-confidence Sleeping too much

990347 Mirza Md. Zakaria Watching movie, playing cricket Economics & Physics Cosmopolitan view All that we know about it

990348 Md. Rezaul Karim Seeing & enjoying songs World economy, Sports Islam, high ambition Idleness

990349 Irin Parvin Dance, literature, music, watching TV & movie Beloved Beloved Beloved

990350 Faiz ahmed Playing Cricket Sports Openness Lack of patience

990351 U Tun Won Music, playing guitar, traveling Friendship with foreign guys Politeness Laziness, emotional

990352 Palash Kumar Kundu Music, movie, reading newspapers New places, autobiography of famous person Punctual, self-dependent, hard working, Sensitive to criticism,

vignettes of 9thvignettes of 9thvignettes of 9th

me

no

mtsmoments

Well-watered by innumerable rivers, opulently fructiferous and evergreen, Bangladesh is too impeccable a mercy of Allah. The ubiquities are resources that you leave nothing unaccounted, be it anything physical on, and beneath earth or that inside people and culture, which we can but part, clung to this very soil. The rivers of Padma Bramhaputra and Meghna have geographically molded her into the great delta much terrain of which is, we benefit truly, bathed on silt, a boon for crops. There has always been a balance of landscape in the country's southwestern shores with the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove swamps yet known in the

world. Deep inside the forests is the habitat of the living wonder Royal Bengal Tiger and spotted deer of atypically rare species. Hers has a nascent number of gas-fields - covertly a piece of zeal to other countries- dismantled to utilize in industry and cooking purpose. Bangladesh emerged as a sovereign existence in the global map after 3million of martyrs had had sacrifice of lives. Historically and culturally exuberant are our country which took much pain for divide in the walk of time, however was all the way happy with people found ecstatic socially. A village on green all but one side embossed with a brook on which boatmen are plying a boat in gentle waves under the skies of late autumn, will for sure give you the impression of legacy of nature; a mother is telling fairytale in the flickering lamp that her babe falls asleep on her lap. Winter kindles and rekindles the bondage weaved hundreds of years since among peoples and people allowing them to congregate at the

basking time round fires and pay visit to relatives on the occasion of making cakes. Sweet spring offers us a recipe for springing at mind with a cuckoo cooing in the tree blossomed all green shoots and leaves. Along the pastoral path are walking brides in a queue carrying jars on shoulders - ever-flowing Bangla picturesquely. The skies, as though, not way over our top reading with dream faced eyes the peerless hoard of seventh heaven are colorful and majestically blue. This is the very country we are born in.

Tour venues

Bangladesh: darling daughter of the natureMirza md. Zakaria 3rd year, BBA, KU

IntroductionAny organization, be it for-profit or not-for-profit, exists in environment. Everything outside an organization that might potentially affect it constitutes its external environment. An organization takes inputs from the environment and sells its outputs to the environment. Thus for its existence, survival and growth the organization is totally dependent on its external environment.

A part of this external environment is termed 'general environment' consisting of those non-specific dimensions and forces in an organization's surroundings that might affect its activities. Demographic, socio-cultural, political-legal, technological, macroeconomic, and global are six broad dimensions of the general environment. Another part of the external environment, known as task or competitive environment, consists of the specific organizations or groups like competitors, customers, suppliers, stockholders, partners, regulators and unions (Griffin, 1990).The concepts of the environment clearly indicate that environment influences organizations, as they are dependent on environment for their existence. The bold arrows in figure1 show this common influence pattern. Of course, the concept behind the thin reverse-directed arrows in the same figure was not a widely discussed issue in the literature of business organizations. Historically, the external environment was considered beyond the control of the firms and managers that operate within it. However, organization is not entirely passive; they regularly attempt to change important elements of both the general environment and the competitive/task environment (Miller and Dess, 1996).Issue management and corporate political activity are two categories of firm's attempts to influence the general environment. This essay makes an attempt to raise simple ethical questions regarding the practice of corporate political activity.

Corporate Political Activity'Corporate political activity' refers to efforts made by businesses to influence government regulation in favor of a firm's interests and away from policies that threaten it. It seems to carry a negative stigma; the image is that big business uses questionable means to reach narrowly self-serving ends. Presented in this way, corporate political action certainly sounds nefarious, but it does not have to be. In fact, the democratic political process was explicitly designed to allow those being governed (including corporations) to have a role in shaping decisions. Furthermore, when a business campaigns for what it considers to be self-beneficial, the public at large is often the co-beneficiary (Miller and Dess, 1996).

The Question of EthicsThe following matrix helps clarify the questionable practice of corporate political activity. Firm's attempts to influence policy decisions of the government result in losses for the firm in the lower two quadrants marked 'unthinkable' and 'undesirable'. Therefore, it is for sure that firm's influencing efforts will never fall in these categories. In the upper-left quadrant, the public at large is the co-beneficiary of firm's efforts and hence marked 'desirable' from both parties view.

However, the argument of 'co-beneficiary' to support corporate political activity loses its acceptability when the firm makes desperate attempts to reap benefits disregarding interests of the public at large the win-lose quadrant marked 'questionable' (Figure 2). For instance, a private domestic airlines may influence government's decision to cease the operations of a government airlines, the only rival of the private airline, on a profitable domestic route and can enjoy supernormal profit causing serious damage to public exchequer and convenience.

Corporate political activity that results in win-win situation may appear as win-lose when cross-border issues are considered. What is win-win in national context can simply be win-lose in global context (figure3). For example, a business firm of a developed country may seek supports from its government and find avenues in third world countries to export harmful insecticides and pesticides, which are banned in its home market. This is win-win for the firm and for people of its home country, but obviously damaging for the exporting countries in the long run. As such, firms and national stakeholders can benefit at huge financial and non-financial expenses of global stakeholders.

win -win win -loss (desirable) (non desirable)

National Perspectives National Perspectives

Figure3: Desirability turns into questionability in changed perspective

ConclusionIn the era of so-called 'globalization' and calling world 'the global village', the soundness of the corporate political activity can be reasonably questioned on ethical grounds. The ethical questions cannot be resolved only in the name of 'democratic political process' and 'co-beneficiaries'. One may argue that people's representatives in the government machineries are responsible for protecting the people's interest. Of course, this doesn't nullify the frequently uttered social responsibility of the business firms. Moreover, the concern of the people is heightened when business firms invest huge amount of money to ensure their direct and/or disguised presence in government machineries.

References

rdGriffin, R.W., Management, Houghton Mifflin Company, 3 ed., 1990, pp.79-80ndMiller, A. and Dess, G.G., Strategic Management, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2 ed., 1996, pp.85-87

Thompson, B.L., “Negotiation Training: Win-Win or What?” June 1991,pp.74-79

Influencing General Environment Through Corporate Political Activity:An Ethical View

ASM Shahabuddin, Associate Professor, Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Win loss

Win-win(desirable)

Win-lose(questionable)

Win-loseunthinkable

Lose-lose(undesirable)

rFim

Win

loss

Figure2: Consequences of Firm's Influencing Efforts[Source: Adapted from Brad Lee Thompson, 1991]

Introduction

The importance of Small and Medium-sized enterprises (henceforth SMES) for economic growth has been a pivotal for many countries. It has been well recognized by many developed, as well as developing countries in particular, as an engine for economic and social development. Being aware of the fact, many governments have turned their attentions to selectively targeted policies for growth. For example, in Europe, it has been widely recognized that small firms as well as the established of new firms play an important role in any European Economy. Furthermore, interest among politicians and policy-makers in stimulating stars-up and small firms has increased during the last decade (Frank and Landstrom, 1997).

The Relationship

There is strong relationship between academic institutes and SMES to foster SME growth. Further, strong networking with other support organizations builds confidence of SMES. These integrated strategies will stimulate innovation, technology transfer, and lead to joint projects. Unfortunately, evidences suggest that the schemes available to support joint work between SMES and support organizations are frequently inaccessible. The following paras take further discussion on the integrated strategies.

SMES. These integrated strategies will stimulate innovation, technology transfer, and lead to joint projects. Unfortunately, evidences suggest that the schemes available to support joint work between SMES and support organizations are frequently inaccessible. The following paras take further discussion on the integrated strategies.

Technology transfer and small firms

New knowledge generated by scientific research is the key resource in the development of modern societies (Drucker, 1993). The skills are carried away by the graduates who move out into industry. Further, the knowledge resulting from research is disseminated through publication. Technology that is generated as a result of research in science and engineering may be transferred by licensing or assignment and translated by industry into new products and processes.

Of the skills developed in universities, perhaps thinking skills are the most powerful, yet such skills are frequently ignored by those recruit graduates. Business skills are now taught and developed in our business schools and increasingly are being asked to teach subjects such as entrepreneurship and innovation. The technology output of universities is not confined to products and processes, but also includes business technology such as information technology and also business process engineering. In general, large companies including the multi-nationals are well aware of the beneficial outputs of universities. Indeed, many such companies have departments or individuals dedicated to making and developing links with universities. For smaller companies, however, there are difficulties.

Anyway, some of the problems that SMES have in working with universities and other support organizations are: lack of money for research and technology transfer (Gering, 1997), short time horizons, distrust of outsiders, need for established technology, know-how or knowledge transfer rather than new technology or research, limited range of technical or managerial expertise to enable effective interface with universities, and unfamiliarity with the culture of universities.

Further evidence for the gap between universities and SMES was provided by Martin (Martin, 1996). He gathered information from training organizations, government agencies and large companies as well as drawing upon published work. All of these sources acknowledged that there was a gap between SMES and the universities and that plugging this gap would benefit the UK economy. Universities can contribute to the success of SMES through training, research and supply the entrepreneurial companies springing from ideas generated in the universities. Anyway, some specific examples can be taken from the UK cases. This will give a clear understanding of benefit of network between SMES and the academia.

Networking to support SMES

The Universities and Higher Education Colleges in the UK advise on technical and research problems to help boost business success. They work on a range of activities including new technology, monitoring entrepreneurs and helping with business plan development (Partnership, September/October 2001: 1). The project is known as Higher Education Innovation Fund (HEIF) and is focusing on teaching enterprise and entrepreneurship. Another instance can be taken from the South West of the UK. There the regional Development Agency (RDA) is working closely with regions six universities- Bristol, UWE, Bath, Plymouth, Exeter, and Bournemouth to put innovation, creativity and technology at the heart of the economy (Partnership, September/October 2001: 2). The objective is to develop a culture of innovation to strengthen the skills and capabilities of business, ensure that SMES get appropriate support and to raise understanding of the challenges that the region might face in the future.

Entrepreneurship education

Sustaining an entrepreneurial economy depends on nurturing successive generations of entrepreneurs. Therefore, it is important to understand the propensity of young adult to become entrepreneurs, and more importantly to become successful entrepreneurs (Kayne, 1999). In connection with this, an example can be mentioned here to shed lights on youth entrepreneurship education. In Massachusetts in the USA, students participate in the Youth Tech Entrepreneurs (YTE) program. This program prepares high school students for leadership and education achievement by developing entrepreneurial and technical skills. The YTE program offers a project-base curriculum.

Based on the example, I consider that entrepreneurship education at our Higher Secondary and College level can be incorporated. Further, universities can offer undergraduate and graduate degree majoring in entrepreneurship. Additional activities beyond formal education may include an extensive unemployed and adult education program in how to start and grow a business and a forum on family-run businesses.

Conclusion

From the above discussion, we see that SMES are benefited from interacting with academic institutes. This could be a lesson for our policymakers of GOs, NGOs, international support organizations, and SME entrepreneurs.

Finally, it can be said that there can be no one tool or mechanism to support SMES. However, if we want and need new firms, then we should be more proactive in preparing the future SME entrepreneurs who will start them. And ultimately that means active promotion of entrepreneurship, integrating entrepreneurship in the education system, reducing regulatory and administrative barriers to business entry, and providing business support that help people through the pre-nascent, nascent and early venture stages of the entrepreneurial process. To conclude, building integrated strategies through universities, GO, NGOs, other support organizations, there could be proved an effective means for helping SMES to understand the technical, managerial and business problems. This could be a sound basis upon which to build durable and productive infrastructure for socio-economic growth of Bangladesh.

References

Davidsson, P. (1989). “Continued entrepreneurship and small business growth,” Stockholm, Stockholm School of Economics.

Drucker, P.F. (1993). “Post capitalist society,” Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, p. 204

Fitzroy, F.R. (1999). Book reviews, Small Business Economics, 13: 341-342.

Frank, H. and Landstrom, H. (1997). “Entrepreneurship and small business in Europe- economic background and academic infrastructure,” (Eds.), in Entrepreneurship and Small Business research in Europe, An ECSB Survey: 1-305.

Gering, T. (1997). “Getting to grips with real sme needs,” First ENRIL workshop, London.

ICSB Bulletin, (2001). International Council for Small Business, USA, 33 (3 & 4): 6-7.

Kayne, J. (1999). “State entrepreneurship policies and programs,” Kauffman center for entrepreneurial leadership at the Ewing Marion of Kauffman Foundation, Kansan city, USA.

Martin, B. (1996). “University interactions with small and meduim enterprises: Report from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Swindon, UK.

Partnership (2001). Teaching Company Directorate, UK, September/October: 1-2.

Small-Medium Enterprises and Academia: Integrated StrategiesMd. Mizanur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University

Tell me, why people get educated?” asked my elder brother to the youngest of us- Sajib who has just passed SSC. I was listening the session while reading something and guessed that Sajib has showed up some of his usual unbecoming behavior. And then suddenly it occurred to me that really what education is for? If it is just a mean of helping us manage our bread then you must agree that it is working at least up to a mention able level if we consider the world perspective.All over the world most of the people having a master's degree or a bachelor degree are getting this-or-that job to help their livings and there are also people who are being millionaire or billionaire or tycoon or great scientist and this list can go on and on. Academic or career centered reason for taking education is to some extent working pretty well like you give it time and effort you make good result or get good job.

But what about soul centered reason? I have reasons to believe that every body would agree that eduething to do with improvement of our soul. And the fact is we all would be confused to measure the part of soul in us. I can remember many childhood instances where some of my well wishers blessed me “pray for you to be educated and a good human” or “Be great in education, intelligence, wealth, and manners” of which I interpreted they want me to be a good human, to do something for the mankind. So surely education has something to do with our manners, our values. An educated person is supposed to behave well with people, remain honest throughout his life, and care for his society, country and above all mankind.

Reality is, most of educated people just care for their well being, for earning more and the like and some highly educated people sacrifice their life in finding new ways of killing people. In most instances they are ready to cut the honesty bit because after all material gain is the deal nothing else. Animal instinct is probably a natural thing in human and human beings are superior to all animals because of the power to control this animal instinct. This power of controlling bad self is supposed to increase with the education. What animal kills its kind as much as it can? Can you name one? Even if you can bring forth a very appropriate example you would agree that they are not educated and are not as intelligent as human.

Now start thinking of the amount of time and effort and wealth human beings have invested to slay other human beings from the creation of earth till today and you would be amazed to figure it out which you eventually will not be able to do. Money spent for just a single missile possessed by United States could be as costly as to meet all medical expenses of Bangladesh or even more. How many millions of dollars are spend for arms in the world every year would certainly be an awfully big figure. With the improvement of education people are gaining more and more insights in improving things, science is in its fullest to add values to weaponry.

And what's of corruption? I would like to start from my dearest motherland, which has been on the first place in corruption for two consecutive years in the world. Those liable for these corruptions are not illiterate people who have not seen light of education for poverty or other reason rather those who have got the precious and cherished light of education. It would not be any different in other countries of the world. Who would ask these highly educated people 'what education is for?' Is it for making innovation in weaponry? Or is it for washing out all values and moralities? Or what? What would they answer, I wonder.I don't have a hand on that. What I can do is to use my education for my improvement and for the improvement of my surroundings and dream that once we would have a world where human would not think of killing other people where education would help people to live better life only by helping to have greater values. So be it.

What Education is For?

rd Khalid Muktadir Sweet, 3 Year, BA Discipline

Literally, 'business' means busyness or the state of being busy- any activity a man is busy about. But in business world, “business means any enterprise which makes, distributes or provides any article or service which other members of the community need are able and willing to pay for” (Urwick & Hunt). In essence, therefore business concerns with producing and selling for profit.However, why do we, the students of Business administration, receive business education? What should be our main business after successful completion of the graduation? The answer may be two: 1. to be busy in earning profit or, 2. to be busy in earning salary.

But I think the second one may be contradictory to the definition of business which lays emphasis on earning profit rather than earning salary. I can provide you a notion to emerge my argument. Think about it, the first and foremost demand of a medical student who receives six-year MBBS degree from a medical college to be a doctor. Similarly, a student of architecture obtains five-year B.Sc. degree to be an architect. On the other hand, whenever I ask my fellows about what will be their main 'business' (vision, mission and goal) after acquiring degree. Most of their dreams are confined to be an executive or a manager in a renounced or multinational company.

But we do not think that by taking advantage of the idea of globalization, multinational companies are always exploiting us in different ways. They promise to give us good life with high salary, well furnished flat, promotion, social recognition but at the same time they despoil our best brains completely. They promise to give us greater employment opportunities but at the same time they want us to ascertain high return of their capital. Better example would be the only one multinational cigarette company in Bangladesh. They just pick up our best business graduates to merely sell their product. Those outstanding BBA chaps dedicate their whole brain, labor, sweat all things to increase profit of that company and get a certain amount of salary. Thereby, they are simply recognized as a territory managers or marketing managers. In this process, the workers work to earn their livelihood only by earning salary without any chance of sharing profit. Can't we compare the company to an indigo factory on the time of colonial rule? A business graduate, who learnt many things in four-year education life, how much knowledge and distinctive attribute he can exhibit on that routine job. Here, there is no chance of creativity and innovation. He can't implement his theoretical knowledge into reality.

Basically, our country was under colonial rule for long period and colonial mentality and attitude have taken root within us to be a clerk than an owner. The designation “manager” or “executive” is disguise in this context, because after reaching a certain position of a multinational company, foreigners do not allow you to escalate further. They do not expect you as a Bangladeshi to deserve a prestigious post to their company at all. So, it is high time we could decide as the business pupils what our main business should be-to be clerk of other company or to be an owner of own company.

I personally think that we have the capability to be an owner or an entrepreneur, because an entrepreneur should have the characteristics of leadership, foresight, high ambition, decision making capability, dynamism, optimism-all of which we possess. If it is true then why won't own an organization or thus be an entrepreneur. As a university graduate the nation expects a lot from us. They want us to see as a leader, not a tenant. So, we have to be pledge bound to our nation in this concern.

If we look at the universities of USA and other industrialized countries, they have the Association of College Entrepreneur (ACE). Is there any entrepreneur club on our campus? No, but we can take initiative from today. We, the young chaps, have the spirit of enterprise. Mere implementation of that spirit is necessary now. We are waiting for that moment.

“Business” Should Be Our Main Business

Shahriar W. khan, Third year, Business Administration discipline

Common Flaws in Self-marketing: A modified Look on RésuméM. Moniruzzaman, Roll: 990321, Farhana Afrin, Roll: 990307, BBA 6th Semester, Khulna University.

Marketing; a significant manipulation process through excellence is headed to the attainment of executor's goal. Sometime it fails, sometime succeeds. Marketing contents are always goal dynamic. The dynamism of marketing, enhances the look of all selling points; be it organizational or individual. Now let's have a look on a specific tool for self marketing; CV and Resume. As a business student, I think enhanced self marketing, ensures the achievement of different personal goal. CV and resume are self excellence-proposal to the employer from the part of the appl icant. Here I have t r ied to share some common and important i ssues about these excel lence-proposals.

RESUME OR CV?Often we have a delusion about the equivalence of Resume and Curriculum Vitae. But they got some differences according to the criteria, you intend to use for. Vitas and resumes both have similar purposes in that both provide key information about your skills, experiences, education, and personal qualities that show you as the ideal candidate. Where a resume and curriculum vitae differ is, in their use, format, and length. A curriculum vitae often called a CV or vita -is more likely to be used for scientific and teaching positions unlike a resume. Where resumes tend toward brevity, vitas lean toward completeness.A CV is a little more formal in format than a resume, usually two pages (or more, if you are highly experienced). It is a detailed listing that usually includes publications, presentations, professional activities, honors, and additional information. Usually there is no objective statement, but format varies. "A CV is like a chronological shopping list of what you've achieved rather than a description of your education and work history. VITA OR VITAE?It is a common issue all the time we are heading to labialise our CV that should it be "Curriculum Vitae" or "Curriculum Vita". According to Latin interpretation, 'vita' -- the singular for life would be appropriate in describing one's life course as opposed to vitae, a plural form. In Webster's II New Riverside University Dictionary (1988) 'curriculum vita' was not listed but curriculum vitae was. Curriculum vitae is the common usage and therefore less likely to elicit questions from potential employers. PREPARING OUTSTANDING RESUME : DO'S AND DON'TSHere are the keys to successfully preparing and writing a resume. Follow these simple rules and you should achieve success in this important phase of job-hunting.

Do's! Consider a bulleted style to make your resume as reader-friendly as possible. ! Consider a resume design that doesn't look like everyone else's. Many jobseekers use Microsoft Word resume templates and wizards. There's

nothing wrong with them, per se, but your resume won't look distinctive if you use one; it will look like the resume of everyone else who used a Word template.

! Eliminate clutter from your resume. Several elements can clutter up your resume and impede readability: Think over Articles: Those little words "a," "an," and "the." Generally speaking, resumes aren't written in sentence form, but in concise phrases that have become an accepted shorthand that employers understand. Articles tend to clutter up that shorthand; your resume will read in a more streamlined manner without them. Consider these "before" and "after" examples:

! Use simple and straightforward objective statement which can be simply the title of the position you're applying for, and can be adjusted for every job you apply for with the aid of computers. Or you can embellish the Objective statement a bit with language telling how you'll benefit the employer. Something like: "Objective: To contribute strong ___________ skills and experience to your firm in a _________ capacity."

! List your job information in order of importance to the reader. In listing your jobs, what's generally most important is your title/position. So list in this preferred order: Title/position, name of employer, city/state of employer, dates of employment.

! Think in terms of accomplishments when preparing your resume. Accomplishments are so much more meaningful to prospective employers than run-of-the-mill litanies of job responsibilities.

! Emphasize transferable skills, especially if you don't have much experience or seek to change careers.

! Quantify whenever possible. Use numbers to tell employers how many people you supervised, by what percentage you increased sales, how many products you represented, etc.

! List your educational information in the preferred way, like: Name of degree (spelled out: Bachelor of _____ ) in name of major, name of university, city/state of university, graduation year (unless you graduated more than about 15 years ago), followed by peripheral information, such as minor and GPA. If you haven't graduated yet, list your grad year anyway. Simply by virtue of the fact that the date's in the future, the employer will know you don't have the degree yet.

! List sports if you're a college student or new grad. Many employers specifically seek out athletes because of their drive and competitiveness, as well as teamwork and leadership skills. Collegiate athletes should even consider listing their sports background in the Experience section.

! Realize that the phrase "References available upon request" is highly optional because it is a given that you will provide references upon request. If you couldn't, you would have no business looking for a job. The line can serve the purpose of signaling: "This is the end of my resume," but if you are trying to conserve space, leave it off.

! Do consider a section such as "Summary of Qualifications," or "Profile," which can also help sharpens your focus. ! Proofread carefully. Misspellings and typos are deadly on a resume.

Don'ts! Don't get overwrought about the old "one-page resume rule." It's good to keep your resume to one page, if possible, but if you have a lot of experience,

two pages may be more appropriate. If your resume spills beyond one page, but you have less than a half a page of material for the second page, it may be best to condense to one page. But don't go beyond two pages with your resume.

! Don't list dates that don't add anything to your resume; for example, dates you spent involved in college extracurricular activities. If you were involved in these activities during college, the reader can pretty much guess your dates of involvement, and listing the dates will just clutter up your document. Same with dates of involvement in professional or civic organizations; ask yourself if those dates will be meaningful to the employer reading your resume.

! Don't use parentheses to set off dates of employment. It's easier on the reader if you just use commas instead . ! Don't emphasize skills and job activities you don't want to do in the future, even if they represent great strengths for you. In fact, you may not even want to

mention these activities. Why describe how great your clerical skills are if you don't want to do clerical work in the future? ! Don't discount the possibility of a functional format for your resume. This format can be strategic for career changers, students and others who lack

experience, those with gaps in their employment, as well as those re-entering the workforce. A functional resume is organized around functional skills clusters. After listing three to four skills clusters and showing how you've demonstrated those skills, you provide a bare-bones work history at the bottom.

! Don't use personal pronouns (I, my, me) in a resume.! Don't use the verb, "Work" because it's a weak verb. Everyone works. Be more specific. "Collaborate(d)" is often a good substitute. ! Don't mix noun and verb phrases when describing your jobs. Preferably, use concrete action verbs consistently. ! Don't leave out the locations of your past jobs (city and state). This information lists your jobs in reverse chronological order. ·! Don't use expressions like "Duties included," "Responsibilities included," or "Responsible for." That's job-description language, not accomplishment-oriented

resume language that sells. ! Don't list too much experience on your resume. The rule of thumb for Someone with many years of experience is to list about 15 years worth of jobs. Age

discrimination, unfortunately, is a reality, and even more likely, employers may think you're too expensive if you list too much experience on your resume. ! Don't list high school! ! Don't include on your resume your height, weight, age, date of birth, place of birth, marital status, sex, ethnicity/race, health, social security number

(except on an international resume), reasons for leaving previous job(s), names of former supervisors, specific street addresses or phone numbers of former employers, picture of yourself, salary information, the title "Resume," or any information that could be perceived as controversial, such as religion, church affiliations, or political affiliations.

! Don't include hobbies or other irrelevant information on a resume. In most cases, they are seen as superfluous and trivial. An argument can be made that hobbies are interview conversation starters or that they make you seem well-rounded, but they are generally seen as fluff or filler.

! Don't list references right on your resume. References belong in a later stage of the job search. Keep references on a separate sheet and provide them only when they are specifically requested.

References:1. http://www.cvtips.com2. http://www.quintcareers.com

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