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Inter-service Brainstorming workshop

on Copernicus and the CAP 17th March 2017, JRC Ispra, Italy

Short history of the introduction of the

Controls with Remote Sensing in the IACS

Olivier LEO JRC- D5

http://ies-intranet.jrc.it/h04/apps/Chrono/22090.ppt

Content

Already 2 historical retrospectives

in 98 @ CwRS conference in Venezia …

in 2012 @ CwRS Conference in Paphos

So focus here on the early years of CwRS development

Identify a few relevant stories

some success factors of potential interest for Copernicus & CAP !

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IACS overall structure

Defined in 1992 CAP Reform, thanks to pilot projects by JRC and

experience of a few Member-States (esp. ITA) See Michel Jacquot (Venezia conf 98)

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Administrative

&

Cross checks

Farmer’s claims

Risk Analysis

Farm

Register

On-The-Spot

Controls

Animal Register

Parcel Register

CAP 92 reg. provided also

some legal basis for the use

of remote sensing in IACS

but it was more general

principle than detailed

methods !

?? Remote sensing ??

Early years of CwRS

Main initial rationale and interest of RS - An EC contribution to the MS challenge to implement IACS

- Allowed MS to focus on IACS databases and IT system

- Potential of controlling past in time and past years (eligibility arable

/ 5y reference period)

- Deterrent effect of earth observation…

A very progressive implementing - Pilot testing in different EU contexts, funded then co-funded by

AGRI, before complete transfer in EU MS

Circa 5 years to reach operation and detailed methodologies

Created a technical platform with MS • to discuss finding, build standards rules and common specs

• Increased transparency and provided clear insight on OTSC and IACS

Several unexpected outcomes

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Early years of CwRS

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Anticipation tests & studies launched / JRC

Before the 92 CAP Reform (entered in force

in 93)

Deadline for IACS impl.

Semi -operational use

Evolution/ definition of the CWRS method

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Main evolution of the EC CWRS methodology

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Early years of CwRS

Clarification of the overall concept and approach

Control by Remote Sensing Control with Remote Sensing

Technical perspective User perspective

(ex performance of images and tools) (integrated with practical use of findings)

Precise the exact function in IACS CwRS = Super risk analysis? Office work before farm inspection?

or real OTSC?

OTSC = control with objective info on current land use (field, satellite, aerial)

≠ Administrative cross checks / reference registers (or past year info)

Explore all the grey zones between “pass” and “failed”

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Early years of CwRS

Analysis of the grey zones or “Doubtful cases?”

• Non-conclusive / Uncertain? Borderline? Problematics ? or suspicious?

• Several iterations with Member States IACS to

1. Describe the nature / cause of doubts ? Type of technical issues,

declarative problems, missing info etc…

2. To assess performance / applicability of the CwRS in different

contexts ...

• success rate of satellite acquisition, Cloud cover, image quality

• Parcel size , quality of Land Register, of farmers claims…

3. To specify and agree upon the follow-up actions

• Benefit of the doubt ?

• Letter to farmers (reporting anomalies for clarification)

• Field / farm inspection (with Farmer) … rapid field visits (without) etc.

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Early years of CwRS

Building clear rules and common standards

• Categorisation of dossiers• Decisions rules at group /dossier levels “ACCEPTED” “REJECTED”

• Completeness of the control … “COMPLETED” “UNCOMPLETE”

• What are the acceptable “administrative” tolerances ???

• Triggered actions (farm/field visit, correction/sanctions, IACS, LPIS..)

• Technical tolerances• At parcel level

• In accordance with state of the art of field measurement

• Cost efficiency analysis exercises

• General convergence within OTSC (CwRS or traditional field

inspections)

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A few success factors (1)

1. Progressive implementation of pilot, (semi-)operational; Slow but steady

ramp-up (maturity of the methods, rate of adoption by EU MS)

2. Active contribution / creativity from EU MS a number of methodology

variants, with a set of common specifications established by EC

• Better fitting to national/ regional context

• Increasing ownership of the methods

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EU Controls with Remote sensing

Total number of sites

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

EU Control sites (HR +VHR)

Sites HR

EU farmers controled with Remote -Sensing

( x1000)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

20102011

2012

Dossiers controled with

SATELLITE

Total incl . AERIAL PHOTO

(estimated)

TOTAL O.T.S. CHECKS

• Prelim. pilot (91-92): 30-50 dossiers/ MS

• Pilot /Semi op. (93-94) ≈ 200 dossiers/ MS

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Evolution/ definition of the CWRS method

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A few success factors (2)

3. An inclusive approach (Remote sensing widely speaking – i.e integrate

use of Aerial photo by ITA)

4. Good understanding of “traditional” field inspections in term of

weaknesses / synergies with CwRS

• What are the respective gaps? the possible undesirable effects , optimum combination?

5. Very close technical follow up of national contractors ensured jointly

DG AGRI and JRC-MARS in support of EU MS

6. Yearly evaluation /discussion with MS in EAGGF Committees

Technical conference with Contractors/ stakeholders started later (96)

7. Limited technological push, process mainly driven by users, and

appropriate subsidiarity

One of the failure was the tentative to develop a unique CwRS software

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Unexpected consequences

Further impacts from CwRS on IACS

• Declarative system – report anomalies/ Provision of maps to farmers

• Introduction of GNSS & Parcel measurement (first tests 93- 94)

leading to EU recommendation & Technical tolerances regularly updated,

Proficiency testing… a comprehensive framework for RS VHR and GNSS

More generally fair system also available to Farmers

• Digital LPIS (2000-2005) Dedicated land parcel systems based on ortho-

image replace most of the external Land Registers (Cadastre)… LPIS

Specifications updating, and LPIS QA. 13

Perspectives ?

Along the implementation/ evolution

the CAP

• Relative importance/role of IACS

components has been variable

• Opportunities of ITC technologies

• Transfer of functions / porosity

Copernicus potential offer a huge

opportunity but what would be its exact

place in IACS & the functions supported ?

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Administrative

&

Cross checksLand Parcel information

System

Declarative system

RA

Farm Register

On-the- Spot controls with RS

Copernicus

???Farm Advisory Services

More generally what are the main driving expectations ?

• Make more of the same ?

• Make the same but make it simpler/easier?

• Make it slightly differently, more efficiently ?

• Explore also new ways of monitoring (≠ spatial & time scale)

and follow-up actions ?

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Thanks for your attention !