1. DR. ABDUL HAMEED DIRECTORMAIZE & MILLETS RESEARCH INSTITUTEYUSAFWALA, SAHIWAL-PAKISTAN1 1

2. Pakistans Agriculture 3. Functions of Agriculture ResearchGeneticProductionPestsImprovementTechnologyManagement(Crops)Soil & waterValue Resource AdditionManagementFarmers Introduction Advisory (New Plants)Service 4. Area of Major Maize Growing Countries 1200area (000 ha) 3200 1050 7200USA area (000 ha),ChinaIndia, 8200, 9%32886BrazilIndia 12750MexicoArgentinaCanadaPakistan31500 5. Production of Major Maize Growing Countries 6. Yield of Major Maize Growing Countries 7. Maize area, production & yield in Pakistan (2000-10)4000350030002500Area (000 ha)2000Production (000 ton)1500Avg. Yield (kg/ha)1000 500 020 -0120 -0220 -0320 -0420 -0520 -0620 -0720 -0820 -090-10001020304050607080920 8. Maize area, production &yield in Punjab (2000-10) 9. FOCUS OF RESEARCH Yield Hybrid Development QualityDisease Resistance Insect Resistance Stalk RotShoot Borer9 10. Objectives of the Institute To evolve high yielding varieties/hybrids of maize & millets Breeding for biotic & a-biotic stresses To develop high yielding hybrids/OPVs of different maturitygroups To produce BNS, pre-basic and basic seed To develop improved package of production technology To demonstrate improved production technology throughon-farm research 11. MMRIMaize Hybrid Programme Inbred lines maintained = 325 Hybrids evaluated = 217 Promising Hybrids = 16 Candidate hybrids:YH-1921YH-1898Yusafwala HybridFH-810 11 12. BREEDING FOR STRESSES Stalk Rot 120 inbred lines were screened 40 resistant 65 moderately tolerant Shoot Borer 30 resistant inbred lines were identified Heat tolerance Two hybrids fairly tolerant to heat stress havebeen released 13. Breeding for Heat Stress Tolerance of Maize in Pakistan 13 14. Materials and MethodsA. Screening under field conditions YearNo. of inbred lines screened 2004 92 2005 116 2006 101 2007 45 2008 60 2009 472010 37 Sowing time Last week of march Plot size 5m x 0.75m14 15. Materials and MethodsScreening under tunnel conditionsNo. of inbred lines21No. of hybrids used8 (including 3commercial / exotic)Environmental conditions 1. Open field 2. Plastic Tunnel (30.5mx10.6mx3.2m)Plot size5m x 0.75mFertilizer (NPK kg/acre) 300-150-125 kg/haTotal irrigations of 3 acre inch 12Date of sowing 22nd Feb, 2010Air temperature at sowing25 C15 16. Plastic Tunnel (30.5mx10.6mx3.2m)16 17. Highest and average temperature during spring season, 2004-1150454035Temperature ( C)3025Highest Temp. ( C)Avg. Temp. ( C)20151050 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE17 18. Temperature Fluctuation at Flowering to Harvesting Date of flower initiation= 24.04.2010Crop StageOutsideInside thetunnel tunnelAt flowering (24th 42 C - 43 C 45C - 47CApril to 28th April)At pollination (29th 42 C - 45 C 45C - 47CApril to 4th May)Grain formation to 45C - 47C 47C - 51Charvesting 18 19. Screening under glasshouse conditionsNo. of Inbred lines/hybrids 29Sowing date 12th Feb. 2011Temp. at sowing 20OCPlot size 5m x 0.75mTemp. at pollination4 hour heat shock 50OC ( 1)for 3 weeks 19 20. 16.8mx7.0mx4.6m20 21. 21 22. 22 23. Results & DiscussionHeat tolerance studies under field conditions (2004-10) Season/Year Lines TestedLines selected(>25% seed setting) Spring-2004 92 25 Spring-2005 11640 Spring-2006 10140 Spring-2007 45 10 Spring-2008 60 5 Spring-2009 47 5 Spring-2010 37 223 24. Agronomic traits and seed setting of inbred linesunder tunnel (Spring-2010)Entry Days toDays toPlantCob Ht. No. of Viable50% tassel 50% silk Ht. (cm) (cm)Seeds (5-cobs)Y-26 6568125 60 45Y-96770115 47 20Y-14 6569125 64 15Y-13 6568155 75 15Y-25 6568110 55 10Y-11 6669125 57 10Y-32 6467125 623Y-19 6769115 551Y-24 6669120 651Cont------ 25. Entry Days toDays toPlantCob Ht. (cm) No. of Viable50% tassel 50% silk Ht. (cm)Seeds (5-cobs) Y-1269 72155140 - Y-2269 71147 71 - Y-5 67 6912060- Y-3570 7113065- Y-2970 7111050- Y-3 70 7110652- Y-2768 7112055- Y-3667 6914571- Y-3767 6912665- Y-2 69 7015579- Y-3868 7015565- Y-5067 7013967- 25 26. Agronomic traits and seed setting %age inhybrids under tunnel (Spring-2010) EntryDays toDays toPlant Cob Ht. Viable seeds 50% tassel 50% silk Ht. (cm)(cm) (%)YH-1898 6667 1809050YH-1921 6768 1789040FH-7936467 195 10030FH-8106871 19097308441 (C)6870 201 10025FH-9636366 18989206525 (C)6467 18790206142 (C)6468209820 26 27. Agronomic traits and seed setting of inbred lines in glasshouse (Spring-2011)EntryDays toDays to Plant Ht Cob HtNo. of Viable50% tassel 50% Silk (cm)(cm)Seeds (5-Cobs)Y-26 7689 1337045 Y-9 7882 1286322Y-11 7376 1387021Y-14 7679 1437220Y-13 7073 1608119Y-25 6869 1256417Y-32 7476 1407012Y-24 7881 1286510Y-27 7881 14373 7Y-36 6770 15575 7Y-22 7275 15476 7 Y-5 6871 13670 6 27Cont---- 28. Entry Continue Table 50%Days to Days toPlant Ht Cob HtNo. of Viable tassel 50% Silk (cm)(cm)Seeds (5-Cobs) Y-50 7375 15078 3 Y-12 7072 15077 3 Y-36871 11858 2 Y-29 7376 11958 - Y-27375 16380 - Y-37 7578 14171 - Y-38 7376 16080 - Y-19 7073 12365 - Y-35 7275 13971 -DR-35 7376 12765100DR-26870 1286515DR-1357780 1356310DR-17375 11755 -DR-37073 12059 -DR-56870 12160 -DR-66871 13061 -28 29. Agronomic traits and seed setting %age of hybrids in glasshouse (Spring-2011)EntriesDays toDays toPlantCob Ht Viable Seeds50% tassel 50% Silk Ht (cm)(cm)(%)YH-1898697218993 50YH-1921717419095 40FH-793 6771203 106 40FH-810 7377200 106 358441(C)7376209 104 35FH-963 667019097 306142(C)6769205 100 256525(C)687119795 2529 30. 30 31. Conclusions Heat stress may affect any plant species at any stage Pollination and grain formation phases are highly sensitive Screening under field conditions provides basic but usefulinformation if the sowing be done at appropriate time under tunnel conditions the temperature is more conduciveto screen out the susceptible germplasm as highertemperature under tunnel minimizes the chances of anyescape For getting more credible results the glasshouse provides anideal system for screening under desired set ofenvironmental factors