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INDEX

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 - ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

CHAPTER 3 - OFFICE MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 4 - TRADE UNIONSISM

CHAPTER 5 - PROFILE OF SOUTHERN

RAILWAY

CHAPTER 6 - BUDGET

CHAPTER 7 - LEARNING EXPERIENCE

CHAPTER 8 - CONCLUSION


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INTRODUCTION


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As I am a final year student of AGURCHAND MANMULL JAIN

COLLEGE doing my graduation on B.Com Corporate Secretaryship.

Doing a project is a part of my academic performance or it is also included

as one of my subject that carries 100 marks. This project has been asked by

the MADRAS UNIVERSITY to be done by every final year B.Com

Corporate Secretaryship students as a part of Institutional training.

These projects are to be done by every student in a Government

company or any Public limited company for a period not less then one

month or 30 days. There is no question or a compulsion for the student to

do their project in specific department. Wherever there is requirement the

students can have their project.

Some of the steps that should be followed while in the training:

STEP 1: Get a brief introduction of the company, its establishment,

growth and other informations.

STEP 2: Get a good relationship with all the staff so that the

students can have good interaction and also it helps the students to clarify

their doubts about their projects.

STEP 3: Get complete details and information of the department

where they asked the trainee to do your training.

STEP 4: Take a brief notes on the day to day works done in the

training period.

STEP 5: Not only should the information required to the project be

collected even it is commendable when data is collected for their personal

knowledge.

STEP 6: The last step is to start the project by referring the above

steps.

Every report should start with the name of the student, college


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name, and graduation details. Then acknowledgement and the certificate

issued by the training company and the bonafide issued by the college. The

next content should be the introduction of the company, office

management, and secretarial practice if any, followed by the introduction

of the project and brief details of and about the project done during your

training period. Next a brief note on working experience of the training and

the project done by the students with all merits and demerits. The last

should be the conclusion of the project.


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About the Company

Southern Railway, in its present form, came into existence on 14th

April 1951 through the merger of the three state railways namely Madrasand Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway, and the Mysore

state railway. Southern Railway's present network extends over a large area

of India's Southern Peninsula, covering the states of Tamilnadu, Kerala,

Pondicherry, and a small portion of Andhra Pradesh. Serving these

naturally plentiful and culturally rich southern states, the SR extends from

Mangalore on the west coast and Kanniyakumari in the south to Renigunta

in the North West and Gudur in the North East.

1History of Southern Railway:The Southern Railway of India came

into being on 14th April 1951. The Southern Railway was formed after

merging the South Indian Railway, the Madras and Southern Mahratta

Railway and the Mysore state railway.

2About Southern Railway in Chennai:

The history of Southern Railway dates back to 1951 when it was

established. Three state railways were merged together to form the

Southern Railway. Today, SR provides trains to such states as Kerala,

some parts of Andhra Pradesh, TamilNadu and Pondicherry. Many other

parts like Gudur on the north east, Mangalore on the west coast, Reniguntain the North West and Kanniyakumari in the south are also connected by

Southern Railway.


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Southern Railway Chennai comprises 6 divisions namely Madurai,

Chennai, Salem, Palghat, Tiruchirapalli and Trivandrum. The headquarters

of Southern Railway is in Chennai. Chennai Egmore and Central Railway

are the two prominent railheads of the city.

Southern Railway Chennai is one of the prime Chennai transportation

service providers in South India. The formation of Southern Railway or SR

took place with the merger of three railways of the state namely Mysore

State Railway, Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway and South Indian

Railway.

Definition of Railway

In terms of the Railways Act, 1989 Railway means a railway or

any portion of a railway for the public carriage of passengers , animals or

goods and includes:

a) All land within the fences or other boundary marks indicating the

limits of the land apparent to a railway.

b) All lines or rails, sidings or branches worked over for the purpose

of , or in connection with a railway.

c) All stations, offices, warehouses, wharves, workshops manufactures,

fitted plant and machinery and other works constructed for the purpose of or

in the connection with a railway.


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d) All ferries, shops, boats, rafts which are used in inland wagons for

the purposes of the traffic of a railway and belong to or hired or worked by

the authority administering the railway.


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ORGANIZATIONAL

STRUCTURE


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Organization of Railways :

1. In 1849 the East Indian Railway Company took up the construction of

a railway line from Calcutta towards Marzapur. In the same year the great

Indian Peninsula Company took up the construction of another Railway lane

from Bombay to Kalyan .The first section from Bombay to Kalyan (32 kms )

was opened on 16th April 1853 and the other section from Howrah to

Hoogly (35 Kms) was opened on 22nd August 1854. The first section in

South between Walajah Road to Vyasarpadi (98Km.) was opened on 28th

June 1856

2. Lord Dalhousie was keen to connect large cities and residencies with

each other as well as the principal ports in order to promote social, political

and commercial development of the country. With this object in view he

recommended the construction and working of railways through private

agencies lent under the supervision and direct control of the government.

The policy however did not prove profitable ; as such the Government of

India took over the construction of railways in the month of March 1869. In

pursuance of the recommendations of the Railway Enquiry Committee of

1921 the management of Railways was taken over by the Government.

3. The Indian Railways are Asias largest Railway system and theworlds second largest Railway system next to the Railway system of USSR.

Indian Railways are the largest undertaking employing more than 16 lakh

employees. Indian Railways are owned by and managed by the Central

government being the principal mode of inland transport linking the online


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length and breath of the country. Healthy growth of Railways is essential for

Indias social, regional, economic, industrial and agricultural development.

The responsibility for the administration and management of the Railways

vests with the Railway Board under the overall supervision of the Minister

for Railways. The Board is empowered to function as a ministry

Government of India and exercises all the powers of the Central Government

in respect of regulation, construction, maintenance and operation of the

Railways. The Railway Board as a top executive body consists of 6

members having ex-officio status of secretaries to the Government of India.

The chairman has a special position as Principal Secretary to the

Government of India. The other members of the Railway Board are

Member/Staff, Member/Engineering, Member/Mechanical,

Member/Transportation and Member/Electrical.

They are assisted by Director General and advisors. They exercise powers

of Board Members in their respective areas except in matters of policy

which require specific and collective consideration by the Railway Board.

The Boards establishment is organized as functional Directorates each

under an Executive Director who is responsible for the direct disposal of

day-to-day technical and professional work within the policy as laid down

by the Board, The executive director is assisted by directors; joint

secretaries; joint directors; Deputy Secretaries; Deputy Directors/under

secretaries. The entire secretariat is supervised by Secretary/Railway Board

who is coordinating officer between the different directorates. The secretary

holds the rank of Additional secretary to the Government of India. The

executive director are in Senior Administrative Grade, Directors/Joint


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Secretaries in the Selection Grade, Joint Directors/Deputy Secretaries in

Junior Administrative Grade and Deputy Directors/under secretaries are in

senior scale.

4. The following are the different zones of Indian Railways and their

headquarters:


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Sl

No

Name of the Zonal

Railway

Formed on Head Quarters

1 Central Railway 05.11.1951 Mumbai (CST)

2 Southern Railway 14.04.1951 Chennai

3 Western Railway 05.11.1951 Mumbai (CG)

4 Northern Railway 14.04.1952 New Delhi

5 Eastern Railway 14.04.1952 Kolkata (Fairlie)

6 North Eastern Railway 14.04.1952 Gorakpur

7 South Eastern Railway 01.08.1955 Kolkata (Garden reach)

8 North Frontier Railway 15.01.1958 Maligaon

9 South Central Railway 02.10.1966 Secundarabad

10 East Coast Railway 01.04.2003 Bhubaneshwar

11 South Western Railway 01.04.2003 Hubli

12 West Central Railway 01.04.2003 Jabalpur

13 North Central Railway 01.04.2003 Allahabad

14 South East Central

Railway

01.04.2003 Bilaspur

15 North Western Railway 01.10.2002 Jaipur

16 East Central Railway 01.10.2002 Hajipur


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Each Railway zone is under the control of General Manager who is

responsible for its operation, maintenance and financial position. The

General Manager is assisted by and Additional General Manager; a Senior

Deputy General Manager and Deputy General Manager for the discharge of

his administrative functions. The Zonal Headquarters establishment is

organized as functional Departments each under a Chief who is normally in

Higher Administrative Grade. The chief is responsible for smooth and

efficient functioning of his department and is assisted by officers in Senior

Administrative Grade, Selection Grade, Junior Administrative Grade and

number of Senior scale and Assistant officers. The main departments in the

Headquarters of a Railway Zone are Operating; Commercial; Civil

Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Electrical Engineering; Signal &

Telecommunication Engineering; Personnel; Stores; Accounts; Medical and

Security.

5.Besides the following comes under the direct control of Railway Board:

1. Chittaranjan Locomotive Works:

Situated in Chittaranjan in the state of West Bengal near Asansol. It is a

huge workshop manufacturing locomotives and meeting almost the entire

requirement of the Railways as regards Locomotives.

2. Diesel Locomotive Works:

Situated in Varanasi of Uttar Pradesh. Manufactures Diesel Locomotive

components and parts helps saving huge amount of Foreign exchange.


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3. Integral Coach Factory:

Situated at Perambur of Chennai city manufactures coaches goods stocks

and Electrical multiple units of very high standard equally competitive to the

international standards meet the entire requirements of the Railways.

4. Rail Coach Factory

Situated at Kapurthala of Punjab and manufacturing coaches in addition to

Integral Coach Factory.

5. Railway Rates Tribunal:

Situated in Chennai. It consists of a Chairman and two members. Its chief

function is to look into the complaints lodged by the commercial bodies and

trade associations in regard to the freight charges and other similar matters

concerning the Railways. Disciplinary matters of Railway Servants are also

referred to this Tribunal for its use.

6. Railway Recruitment Board:

Approximately 17 Railway Recruitment Boards are functioning at various

places of the country. It recruits the manpower particularly to the Group C

service of the Railways.

7. Rail Wheel Factory:

Situated at Yelahanka (Part of Bengaluru) Karnataka takes care of the needs

of Wheels and Axels of Railways.

8. Research Designs and Standards Organization:


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Situated at Lucknow of Uttar Pradesh. The Research and Development of

Railways is headed by Director General. It has well equipped laboratories.

It designs and advises on technological development to the Indian Railways.

9. Central Clearing House:

Situated at Delhi. Allocates inter Railway revenue and expenditure under

the different heads of the various Railways.

10. Indian Railway Conference Association:

Situated at New Delhi. It consists of a President, General Secretary,

Assistant Secretary a neutral control officer, etc. The function of the

association is to frame conference rules for interchange of stock between the

Railways and also tackle the problems between the different Railways

pertaining to Coaching Tariff, Freight structure, interchange rules, cross

traffic rules etc.

11. Railway Staff College, Vadodara12 Indian Railway Institute of Civil Engineering, Pune

13. Indian Railway Institute of Electrical Engineering, Nasik

14. Indian Railway Institute of Signal & Telecom Engineering,

Secunderabad

15. Indian Railway Institute of Mechanical Engineering,

Jamalpur

Imparts training to Railway officers (both initial and refresher courses)


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16. National Railway Users Committee:

Situated at Delhi. Is setup with a representatives of traveling public,

chambers of commerce and the Members of Parliament to advise the

Railway Minister on the Transport problems.

17. Commissioner of Railway Safety:

There is one chief commissioner of Railway safety headquartered at Simla

of Himachal Pradesh. Four additional commissioners of Railway safety

with headquarters at Lucknow, Kolkata, Bengaluru, and Mumbai are

assisting the Chief Commissioner. Each zone is further divided into

divisions which form the basic unit of the operation. Each zone is further

divided into Divisions. The Workshops and the Stores Depots of the

Railways spread over the particular zone is termed as Extra-Divisional units.


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OFFICE MANAGEMENT


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ABOUT OFFICE. In popular usage, the term office is used

in a loose sense and a general manner to any place or area

where one has to work at a desk in discharging ones professional or job responsibilities. Thus to a common man,

office means a central place where some sort of paper work is

performed and where all kinds of papers are dealt with.

Some basics functions held in office in railway premises are:

Receiving information

Recording information

Arranging information

Giving information

Safeguarding assets

Organizing the office

Form designing and control

Procurement and supply of stationarySelection and purchases of office appliances

Public relation functions

Personnel functions

Controlling office cost

ABOUT OFFICE MANAGEMENT. In the earlier days the officework was performed by one or two persons or by a manageable few. But

over the years the number of people employed in an office has a grown

up. When the numbers of employees have increased considerably,

naturally the problem of managing them shall arise.


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As the principle of management can be applied in all group efforts, they

can very well be applied in managing a office also. Viewed in this way,

office management is that branch of management concerned with the

performance of office functions by applying the principles of

management to get the work done through the office.

Office management can be defined as a task of planning, coordinating,

motivating the efforts of others towards the specific objectives in the

office.

FUNCTIONS OF OFFICE MANAGEMENT IN RAILWAYS

Planning

Organizing

Staffing

Directing

Controlling

OFFICE ENVIRONMENT

The office also been provided with excellent environment facilities.

Some of the environmental facilities enjoyed by the employees are;

Properlighting facilities are provided to the employees working

in


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the office. Lighting is perhaps the most important of all physical

conditions of the office. Without light there can be no sight.

Proper ventilation facilities are provided to the employees.

Ventilation is yet another important aspect in a office management.

Fresh air should flow inside the office or else the air inside will not

get an outlet later it becomes unhealthy.

Cleanliness and sanitation.

The management may procure best accommodation; provide best

furniture and ideal fittings. All such facilities are of no use if the

surroundings are not kept neat and clean. The reason is obvious.The office staff has to sit in the office for most part of a day and

dirty or insanitary conditions shall certainly affect their health

adversely.

Reduction of noise.

Office work is mostly mental work and requires much

concentration. Therefore a noiseless and calm atmosphere is very

essential for the successful execution of office work.

My institutional training at southern railway is done in the

office situated at perumbur carriage, where all the personnel and

productive works are done. The office is located very near to this

perumbur carriage station. This office totally deals all personnel

works. The is built up with two floors, ground floor deals with salary

section, leave section, pass section, employment recruitment section,

and first floor deals with bills section, welfare and quarters for

employee section, and training section. There are almost 50

employees employed in these sections. For all these employees and


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sections there is only one head and a controller called ASST

PERSONNEL OFFICER.

Every employee is provided with proper furniture as table,

chair, proper stationary materials, drinking water facilities, and toilet

& washroom facilities with separations for gents/ladies. This office

also provides telephones, computers, fans, printers, fax machine,

shelves to keep books and recordings, typewriting machine, and

parking facilities for employees vehicles.


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TRADE UNIONISM


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1.0 TRADE UNIONISM IN INDIA

In India Trade Unions developed very gradually by growth of

industrialization. In India agriculture is the main occupation. In such a

country, the activities of Trade Union are limited to industrial area. The

birth of Trade Unions as we now know is a new development. They do

not grow out of guilds.

The present Trade Union is the result of sacrifice and struggle of

workers who were led by few leaders.

2.1 DEFINITION OF TRADE UNION

According to Sydney and Beatrice Webb, Trade Union is a continuous

association of wage earners for the purpose of maintaining or

improving the conditions of their employment.

It is defined in Chambers Encyclopedia as an association of wage

earners or salary earners formed primarily for the purpose of collective

action for the forwarding of defence of its professional interest.


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Section 2(h) of the Trade Unions Act, 1926 defines a Trade Union as

meaning-any combination, whether temporary or perment, formed

primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workmen

and between employers and employers, or for imposing restrictive

conditions on conduct of any Trade or business and includes any

federation of two or more Trade Unions.

Trade Union is a universal phenomenon. The broad general object of a

Trade Union is to improve the economic and social conditions of

workers. Existence of a Trade union, help workers to secure better

standard of living and avoids exploitation by exployer. Law did not

create Trade Union, but it is formed by workers. Law recognizes its

existence.

In this contest, role of Trade Unions is noteworthy. Act also encourages

collective bargaining as a best method to solve problems of worker.

2.0.2 ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF TRADE

UNION MOVEMENT

The main elements in the development of Trade Unions of workers in

every country have been more or less the same. The setting up of the

large scale of wide spread use of machinery, new lines of production,

and brought about changes in working and living environment of


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workers, and concertration of industries in large towns. All of these

developments introduced a new class (that is wage earners) who were

dependent on wage for their livelihood. They were at a disadvantage in

an age when doctrine of laissez faire held in field.

-National Commission on labour report 1969 p.277

The growth and development of the labour movement, and for that part

of the Trade Unions in India can be divided into following periods:

1. Social welfare period from 1875 to 1918

2. Early Trade Union period form 1918 to 1924

3. Left wing Trade Unionism period from 1924 to 1934

4. Trade Union unity period from 1935 to 1938

5. Second World war period from 1939-1945

6. Post independence period from 1947 to date.

SOCIAL WELFARE PERIOD (1875 TO 1918)

The most noticeable feature of the period 1875-1918 were the complete

absence of radicalism in labour movement. The methods used by the

workers were Those methods reflect in influence of leaders like

Narayan Meghajee Lokhanday, Shapurjee Bangali, S.N Banerjee and

others who were all political moderates and law abiding persons. They


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were rather social workers desirous to serve the society through

amelioration.

The entire period on the whole has been divided into two: first, the

regulation period (1875-1891) when the child and women labour in

factories was regulated by legislation, such as the Factories Act of

1881, and 1891; second period the Abolition period (1891-1917)

system under which Indian labourers were sent out to British colonies

to work as plantation labour.

EARLY TRADE UNION PERIOD (1918-1924)

The year 1918 was an important one for the Indian Trade Union

movement. The first had a tremendous impact on growth of

industrialization. Price of commodities increased. Workers suffered

from economic prevailed among workers on account of poverty and

disappointment. The above circumstances led the workers to from

Trade Unions.

In 1918 in Madras, Madras Labour Union was formed and for this

formation Mr. B.P.Wadia guided the workers. In 1920, a spinners

Union, as well as weavers Union was formed in 1920 at the initiation of

Gandhiji. It adopted the ideology of Truth and non-violence.


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In 1920 the All India Trade Union Congress was established under the

chairmanship of Lala Lajpat Rai. It had the support of National Leaders

like C.R.Das, Sardar Vallabhabhai Patel, Motilal Nehru, J.L.Nehru,

Subbash Chandra Bose, Gulzarilal Nanda and others from Indian

national congress.

LEFT-WING UNIONISM PERIOD (1924-1934)

In 1924, a violent and long drawn out strike by Unions led to the arrest,

prosecution, conviction and imprisonment of many communist leaders.

The communist regained their influence in the Trade Union field by

organizing the cotton mills workers of Bombay in Girni Kamgar Union

(Red Flag) and the workers of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway in

GIP Railwaymens Unions.

In 1926 Trade Union Act was passed and it came into force from 1st

May, 1927 a general strike of Bombay textile workers were started

under the leadership of the Girni Kamgar Union and the wave of unrest

spread to jute workers in Bengal and to the railway employees of the

G.I.P. Railway.

TRADE UNIONS UNITY PERIOD (1935-1938)


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In 1935 the Red Trade Union Congress merged into All India Trade

Union Congress. A new political group i.e. the congress socialist party

(CSP) also joined the AITU.

SECOND WORLD WAR PERIOD (1939-45)

In August 1942, the political atmosphere had become highly charged

with the cries of Quit India Movement. The Tripartite labour

conference was a known as Rege Committee was appointed towards

the end of 1943 to examine the labour legislations and suggest

measures for improvement. The Rege Committee examined the existing

labour legislations and made many useful recommendations in its

report in 1946.

THE POST INDEPENDENCE PERIOD (FROM 1947 TO DATE)

There were further splits in AITUC after 1947. Thus in 1950 there were

four central labour organizations. Those were:-

1. All India Trade Union Congress

2. Indian National Trade Union Congress

3. Hindu Mazdoor Sabha

4. United Trade Union Congress


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Beside these there are various registered federations of Unions in

various industries and occupations. These are not affiliated to any

central body. Such federations are- The All India Bank Employees

Association, Nation Federation of Indian Railway men, All India Port

and Dock workers of journalists etc. An attempt was made by Trade

Unions Act 1947 to give automatic recognition to the registered Trade

Unions But Amendment has not been brought into force till this date.

2.1 STRUGGLES OF SOUTHERN RAILWAY TRADE

UNIONISTS

2.11 CONDITION OF RAILWAY WORKERS DURING PRE-

INDEPENDENCE PERIOD

First Strike

Railway Workers were subjected to ill-treatment and insults as there

was no organization to voice forth their difficulties. Human nature

started resisting without any leadership and in an unorganized manner.

Agitation for higher wages could be termed as the first sit down strike

in 1905. The management, in order to thwart the strike, caught hold of

idlers from Royapuram and Madras and carried them into the workshop


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by trains. The workers thus demoralized reported to duty and they were

very severely punished.

Second Strike

In 1911, another strike took place led by the Amalgamated Society of

Railway servents headed by some London Railwaymen. Drivers,

Guards, Station Masters and some openline staff participated in the

strike. A driver named Alexander and a Station Master by name

Margam Iyer took prominend meeting half way in granting mileage

allowance etc., for the running staff, But, Driver Alexander and Station

Master Margam Iyer lost their jobs.

Third Strike

Encouraged by the success, the Amalgamated Society attempted to

organize the Perambur workers. In 1912, a strike was called by

Perambur workers which lasted for a week and settlement was arrived

at.

Birth of Trade Union

One of the blessing of Annie Besants Home Rule movement is that

commences the Trade Union era in India. Besant took a personal

interest informing for the welfare of the workers. Thiru Vi.Kalyana


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Sundaram, fondly Trade Union to secure for the under privileged social

and economic justice. B.P.Wadia, G.Selvapathi Chettiar, G.Ramanjalu

Naidu and V. Chakkarai Chettiar were among the formost who

dedicated their lives for this great humanitarian ideal. They started the

first Trade Union in its modern sense, in India-The Madras Labour

Union in 1918.

Strike on July 20, 1928

Consequent upon the Raven Committee report on retrenchment, the

management decided arbitrarily in April 1828, to shift the Nagapatinam

and the Podanur work 4 shops to Golden Rock and to give

retrenchment notice to the workers. Meanwhile the South Indian

Railway, Madras and Southern Maharatta and Bengal Nagpur Railway

planned a joint meeting at Madras to formulate strategy of united action

against the scheme of retrenchment. The Union declared a strike on July

20,1928. All the work came to stand still, services were paralysed. The strike

was called off on July 30, after 10 days of bitter struggle.

South Indian Railway workers Union, with V.V.Giri as the President was

renamed as South Indian Railway Labour Union with its office at Golden

Rock, adopting hammer & sickle flag. It got its recognition on12.12.1938. In

due course the labour Union was affiliated to AIRF and AITUC, thus joiningthe mainstream of the labour movement in India.

outbreak of Second World War and its effect


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In spite of dearness allowance, cheap grain shops and such other relief

measures, the war time into their standard of living between the years 1939-1945. Old disputes remained unsolved, with the cessation of hostilities in

1945, the threat of large scale retrenchment appeared menacingly round the

corner. AIRF tried settlement through negotiation but the Govt was dragging

its feet. AIRF decided on direct action from June 27, 1946 and it asked its

affiliates to serve strike notice, suddenly the Government woke up and

appointed an adjudicator to give into the question of hours of work, periodic

rest and leave. First pay commission was appointed. Interim relief was

sanctioned.

General Strike on August 24, 1946

The Executive Council of the SIR Labour Union met on July 31, 1946 and

decided to go on a General Strike from August 24, 1946. The demands

included adequate dearness allowance, continuation of the subsidized grain

shops, revision of wage structure, absorption of temporary employees, eight

hour duty and adequate rest and leave facilities, reduction of work load and

holding proper enquiry before taking disciplinary action on any raiway

employee. The General Strike began on notified day August 24, 1946, It was


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more an epic battle than a workers strike. Nearly 24,000 workers

participated in it. 300 out of 430 stations were closed for want of men as the

Station Masters and their staff stepped out their offices. Not a single train

moved and all work came toa stand still. The strike was called off on

September 22, 1946. It was a glorious battle, but there were snags inherent

in the situation which affected the balance sheet of achievements.

CONDITION OF RAILWAY WORKERS DURING

POST INDEPENDENCEPERIOD

Initial Year 1947 - 1953

The First pay commission (1947) proposals hit many sections of railway

workers, especially the running staff. The starting pay of a Driver in SIR was

reduced from Rs. 100 to Rs. 60 and the category of Fireman was bifurcated

and the annual increment of the B grade Fireman was reduced to one

rupee. Agitation began and the management started victimizing the workers.

The Loco - Transport Association

was started in Erode in 1941 with Dcosta as President and John Almaido as

Secretary. In May 1948 the Mayavaram Branch of Loco transport

Association declared the strike. On may 10, 1948 the SIR Labour Union

called a 24 hour protest strike in support of the striking drivers and firemen

and train service was totally disrupted. Section 144 had been declared. The

conflict came to an end on May 11, cancelling the suspension order against


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the engine crew and reinstatement of the firemen at Erode Running staff

pay and allowance committee was appointed.

In 1950 Loco-Transport association met at Madurai and decided to dissolve

the association. Its members joined Union of their choice later. In 1952, SIR

Workers union merged with the M S M Railway Employees Union and

Mysore state Railway employees association to from Southern Railway

employees Union.

SIR Workers Union got affiliated to AIRF in March 1948. All the Unions of

Railwaymen in India under the leadership of communists defied the AIRF

and went on strike unilaterally on March 9, 1949. The strike was a flop on

SIR.

Southern Railway zone was formed by the Government on April 14, 1951 as

a separate administrative unit by bringing together different railways like

SIR, M.S.M. etc. Sir workers Union, M & S.M Railway Employees Union

and the Mysore State Railway Employees Association merged into one

Union the Southern Railway Employees Union at a conference in

Mysore in Feb 1953. S.Guruswami was eleted president, K. Ramachandran

working president, T.V.Anandan as General Secretary. Southern Railway

administration accorded recognition to it on 13.09.1953.

Formation of NFIR


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The INTUC formed on May 3, 1947 as a result of which, Indian Railway

Workers Federation was formed. The Federation AIRF and INRWF merged

into one federation in Feb 1953 and National Federation of IndianRailwaymen came out of that merger. The merger lasted only for two years

but split afterwards into NFIR(Madras ) and NFIR(Vijayawada), the first

consisting of INTUC Unions mostly and the second consisting of the

INTUC Unions under the leadership of Vasavada.

The SREU leadership wanted to merge with Southern Railway Employees

Association(INTUC). The merger resolution was passed by the General

body of the SREU held at Hubli on 15.07.1957. After merger, Anandan was

elected as President, G.L. Narashinga Rao, general Secretary of the new

Union i.e., Southern Railway Employees Sangh. Those who did not agree,

walked out of the conference and met under the presidentship of G.

Ramahcandran and resolved to continue function as SREU under the

guidance of Gurusami. Sri.Guruswami who opposed SREU to merger with

Southern Railway Employees Association, resigned from SREU, later this

group converted itself into Dakshin Railway Employees Union with S.

Guruswami as President. A new Union under the name Dakshin Railway

Employees Union (DREU) was registered at Vijayawada.


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Central government Employees Strike in 1960

Central Govt Employees called for strike ballot in 1960. Pandit Jawaharla

Nehru, the then Prime Minister refused to negotiate with his own

Government Employees and their leaders. The strike was launched on the

midnight of 11.07.1960. Several thousands of Employees were arrested and

prosecuted under the essential service maintenance ordinance. The strike

was withdrawn on 17.07.1960. the NFIR to which SRES was affiliated did

not take part in the strike. Govt appointed a one man committee to find out

the cause of the strike. The committee after exhaustive enquiry came to the

conclusion that the strike was not politically motivated but only a trade

dispute, originated because of lack of machinery to settle the problems and

grievance of central government employees.

Formation of Southern Railway Mazdoor Union

DREU General body was held at Ayanavaram, Madras on 05.031961 and

decided to function only in the name of Southern Railway Mazdoor

Union. P. Anguswamy and P. Govinda Menon were elected President and

General Secretary of the Union. SRMU was recognized bySouthern Railway

administration on 21.09.1966.


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One day token strike on 19th September, 1968

This one day token strike was mainly centered on the question of Dearness

allowance. SRES did not participate in this strike but extended its support to

the Government to break the strike.

8th May 1974 Railway Men General Strike

The AIRF gave a call for the convention on 27th Feb 1974 in Delhi to take

necessary steps to get justice on the demands of the workers. More than

hundred Unions of Railwaymen responded to this call including the general

Trade Union like AITUC, CITU and BRMS. A National Co-ordination

Committee of Railway mens struggle (NCCRS) was formed with George

Fernandez as convener. The strike notice was served on 23rd April 1974,

though the strike was fixed on 8th May 1974 the arrest of the workers in

thousands started all over the country on 1st May right itself. About 50,000

workers were arrested and many of them were subjected to summary trial

and punished with one year R.I. About 3600 workers were dismissed under

section 14(2) of Discipline and Appeal Rules, 1968. 5000 temporary

workers were straight away sent out. The railway colonies were converted

into battle field. The strike was called off on 28th May 1974.


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Latest Years

The Fifth Pay Commission appointed by the Union Government in April

1994 is headed by Justice S.R.Pandian. Prof. Suresh Tendulkar is the

member of the commission and Mr. M.K. Kaw is the Secretary. Terms of

reference of the Commission included evolution of principles of govern the

structure of emoluments and those condition of service of Central

Government employees. It has been asked to consider the categories of

Central Government employees Industrial and Non-Industrial: Personnel

belonging to All India Services; personnel belonging to Armed Forces

personnel of the Union Territories and Officers and employees of Supreme

Court and the High Court.

WHY DO WORKERS JOIN UNION?

Workers join Trade Unions because they are constrained by circumstances to do so because

they want

2.0 To get economic security, i.e., they want steady employment with an adequate

Income.

3.0 To restrain the management from taking any action which is Irrational, Illogical,

discriminatory, or prejudicial to the interest of labour.

4.0 To communicate their views, aims, ideas, feelings and frustrations to the

management.

5.0 To secure protection from economic hazards beyond their control; for example,


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illness, injury, accident death, disability, unemployment and old age.

6.0 To get along with their fellow workers in a better way and to gain respect in the

eyes of their peers and

7.0 To get a job through the good offices of the Trade Union.

ACHIEVEMENTS

3 Perks to various categories of workers like payment of overtime allowance,

night duty

allowance, travelling allowance, kilometerage allowance to the loco and running staff.

4 Restructuring of the categories.

5 Classification of workers

6 Group Insurance scheme which is compulsory, according to pay range of worker.

7 Phasing out of casual labour system

8 Productivity linked bonus from the year 1979.

9 Elimination of thumb impression from payment slip of gang workers even

though

they are literate.

10 Discontinuance of recovery of two months emoluments from the Death-cum-

retirement

gratuity payable to the retiring railway servants who have opted for family pension scheme

11 Cash payment in lieu of unutilized leave on average pay for 240 days together

with

D.A. admissible for those retiring on superannuation.

12 Commutation of pension without medical examination

13 Deposit linked Insurance Scheme

14 Encashment to interest on provident fund accumulation.

15 Special grant for those who do not take advance from provident Fund for a

period of


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5 years.

16 Appointment on compassionate grounds to the wards of employee who die in

harness in

service, or due to decategorisation in all classes under medical conditions of service and

deaths while in service in Railway

17 Average 10 months pay last drawn instead of 36 months for staff retiring on or

after

29.2.1976 for pensionary benefits.

18 Weightage upon 5 years of qualifying service for voluntary retirement after 20

years for

pensionary benefits.

19 Railway men status to catering staff

20 In case of unfitness in all classes and partial unfitness and in case alternative

appointment

could not be provided or refused by the employee weightage of service of 5 years subject

to a maximum of 33 years.

21 Grant of 6 additional holidays besides 3 national holidays to all open line staff

from

1.1.1979. Such of those who cannot avail these holidays will be compensated with 1

times their daily wage.

TRADE UNION IN SOUTHERN RAILWAY

TRADE UNION FUNCTIONING IN SOUTHERN

RAILWAY

The Employees are Unionised and there are two Unions recognized bySouthern Railway Administration.

2 Southern Railway Employees Sangh (SRES)

3 Southern Railway Mazdoor Union (SRMU)


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The number of members of recognized Trade Unions as on 31.12.92 as per

Railway records are as follows.

5. Southern Railway Employees Sangh : 76,410

6. Southern Railway Mazdoor Union : 1,02,953

SOUTHERN RAILWAY EMPLOYEES SANGH (SRES)

The Southern RAilway Employees SAngh, is one of the oldest and premier

Trade Unions of the railwaymen in the country, having been founded in

7.2.1919, functions through 152 branches spread over in four states. i.e.Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karanataka, Andhra Pradesh and Union Territory of

Pondicherry. The Sangh is growing strong under the dynamic leadership of

veteran Gandhian leader Sri. T.V. Anandan, Ex. M.P. who is also heading

NFIR.

Its central office, unity house, Perambur, Madras was laid on 03.09.1927

by no less a personality than the Father of our Nation Mahatma Gandhi

himself and stood the test of time by propagating and practicing the two

cardinal principle of Gandhian thoughts, truth and non-violence in serving

its members.

The SRES is running krishna Murthy Guruswamy Memorial Technical

Trade Union College and Sri.Sai Technical Training School at Madras.


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The SRES has the proud privilege of having the divine blessings of

Bhagwan Sri Sri Satya Sai Baba of Puttaparthi, who donated liberally for the

building of Sai Technical Training Centre. This Institute is recognized by

state government. This training centre provides vocational training to the

wards of railway men who are primarily continuous members of the SRES.

It was declared open by Bhagwan Sri Satya Sai Baba on 22.01.1984. This

training Institute gives course on simple trades like mechanic, fitter,

electrical, radio & T.V engineering, etc, free of cost to the trainess.

The Southern Railway Employees Sangh is affiliated with the National

Federation of Indian Railwaymen and the Indian National Trade Union

Congress. The SRES was registered on 12.01.1957. The SRES recognized

by the Southern Railway administration.

The SRES has provided a galaxy of leadership guided by Gandian thoughts

like Dr. G.S. Arundale, T.V. Kalyanasundaram, G. Selvapathi Chettiar, S.

Srinivasa Iyengar, V.V. Giri and many others.

SOUTHERN RAILWAY MAZDOOR UNION (SRMU)

The Southern Railway Mazdoor Union is affiliated with the all Railway

mens Federation & HMS. Southern Railway Mazdoor Union was registered


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on 13.02.1961. The confederation granted affiliation to SRMU on

31.07.1962 at udapur convention.

SRMU was recognised by the Southern Railway administration on 21.09.66.

The Southern Railway Mazdoor Samithi was formed on 02.10.1977 and

registered at Trichi. In 1981 G.Ramachandran, President SRMU invited the

Samithi to join srmu and strengthen his hands. There was a merger of

Samithi SRMU in the conference hall, Perambur. Proffessor. Madhu

Dandavata has sent the following message. the merging of Southern

Railway Mazdoor Samithi with SRMU is a very good step in the direction of

unity of Trade Unions which all have a common perspective and to increase

bargaining power

There was a branch of activists who had come away from the SRMU and

started their Union in 1973 and began functioning separately, and revived

the original name as

Southern Railway Employees Union.

The Southern Railway Mazdoor Union, functions through 152 branches

spread over in four states i.e., Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhara

Pradesh and Union Territory of Pondichery. The Union is growing strong

under the dynamic leadership of veteran leaderSri.M. Namasivayam who

is the General Secretary.


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The Southern Railway Mazdoor Union is affiliated with AIRF. The SRMU

has established a Mazdoor welfare trust which is a registered trust formed

in 1987. This Mazdoor welfare trust was inaugurated by the General

Secretary AIRF at Madras. The Board of Trustees are Com.M.

Namasivayam, Managing Trustee, P. Srinivasan and M. Govindarajan,

Trustees.

The Objects of the mazdoor welfare trust are many but the immediate object

is o open a vocational college. A non-profit residential engineering college

by name Anjalai Ammal Mahalingam Engineering College commencing

from the academic year 995 has been constructed by the Mazdoor Welfare

Trust at Kovilvenni, Nagai District. The college complex in the first year,

consists of 3 storyed administrative cum departmental buildings, with

necessary facilities for students 3 storyed well designed unique shaped

hostel, meticulously planned rooms/bath rooms/ toilets. Hostel for girl

students in separate compound, the Principal and selected teaching staff will

be inmates of the hostel.

ALL INDIA RAILWAY EMPLOYEES CONFEDERATION

(AIREC)

It was formed in 1970 as an alternative Federation, since both the

recognised federation, NFIR and AIRF have failed to measure up to the

expectations of railway men for their grievances and demands. Initially 14

category wise Union were affiliated into it. They are:-

1.All India Station Masters Association. AISMA


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2.All India Loco Running Staff Association. AILRSA

3.All India Guards Council. AIGC

4.All India Railway Shunting, Cabin & Traffic staff assn. AIRSC &

TSA.

5.All India Railway Commercial Clerks Association. AIRCCA

6.All India Railway Ministerial Staff Association. AIRMSA

7.All India Carriage and Wagen Staff Council. AIC & WSC

8.All India Cash Dept. Employees Association. AICDEA

9.All India Railway Canteen Employees Federation. AIRCEF

10. India Railway Signal and Telecom Staff Association. IRS &

TSA

11. India Railway Loco Mechanical Staff Association IRLMSA

12. India Railway Traction Workers Association. IRTWA

13. India Railway Ticket Checking Staff Association. IRTCSA

14. All India Railway Train Clerks association. AIRTCA

It was formed on a reformatory composition under the following norms.

1.It is a federal body into which category or department association or

Unions only will be admitted.

2.The leadership is confined only to past or present railway employees.

3.It will have no direct or indirect link with any political party Union.

AIREC had taken a leading part in the 1974 strike and its leaders and

activists suffered heavy victimization. In 1977 when Janatha Govt.came to

power all victimisation were vacated. The 20 days period of 1974 strike was

converted into legal strike and back wages were paid. The AIREC was given


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defacto recognition with all rights and privileges with quarterly meeting with

the Railway Board.

After 1980 when the Govt. changed the recognition was withdrawn. It was

almost restored when National Front Government came to power in 1989.

Again when Government changed next year 1990 the recognition was again

denied.

ALL INDIA STATION MASTERS ASSOCIATION -

AISMA

The All India Station master and Assistant Station Maser Association was

born in 1953. Those disenchanted with AIRFs attitude towards Station

Masters at their Poona Convention in 1959 joined AISMA which gave a

boost to this organization. The name of the organization was changed as All

India Station Masters Association (AISMA) later on.

Its movement was spearheaded by Mr. P. Sivan Pillai the veteran Trade

Unionist. The AISMA has launched to fight against the misfit cotton

uniforms, fight against direct recruitment of Traffic Apprentice, fight for

integration of Station Masters and Assistant Station Master. 14 point

charter of demands, rally before parliament/burning of uniforms, hunger fast

before Ministry of Railways residence, control phone boycott, demand for

pay element of running allowance tc.

ALL INDIA LOCO RUNNING


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STAFF

ASSOCIATION - AILRSA

The Southern Railway Firemen Council was formed on 30.10.66 at Madurai.

In the same period the All India Loco Running Staff Association was also

formed at Mayavaram. Both the organizations were functioning on a parallel

line demanding revision of pay scales, kilometreage allowance, eight hours

duty per day etc. In May 1970 both the firemen council and the All India

Loco Runnin Association merged and wen under the banner All India Loco

running Staff Association. The AILRSA

organized Historical Strike in August 1973 and won their demands

partially through a written agreement with Ministry of Railway on 13th

August 1973.

Though the AILRSA was a category Union, it played a prominent role in the

railwaymen general strike in May 1974. As a major victory, the AILRSA

achieved the 10 hour duty per day in 1973 strike. But the Government did

not honour its written agreement. Hence there was one more strike in

December 1973 to press the Government to implement the 10 hour duty rule.

Even after 20 years the ten hour duty rule was not at all implemented. So the

Government has lost its credit in the eyes o loco running staff.

ALL INDIA GUARDS COUNCIL -

AIGC


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This trade Union for Railway Guards was in existence prior to 1970 under

the leadership ofSri. Bhargava. During 1974 railway strike the AIGC with

comrade Upadhayay as General Secretary was affiliated to AIREC and tookpart in the strike in 1974 and suffered victimization. Under Upadhayay the

organization spread thoughout all the nine Railways and covered 90% of the

Guards category.

The AIGC owns two storyed building named as Guards Bhavan at

Ghaziabad as their office and conference hall.

ALL INDIA SHUNTING, CABIN &

TRAFFIC ASSOCIATION

AISC&TA

It consist of D Group staff of traffic department with Ballygunge ofEastern Railway as their Head Quarters. Sri. Suresh Prasad is the General

Secretary. They have very active functioning in Eastern Railway, Northern

Railway, Southern Railway. They are affiliated to AIREC. They have

participated in 1974 strike. Of late they achieved risk allowance and terrycot

uniform two sets once in two years.

ALL INDIA RAILWAY

COMMERCIAL

CLERKS ASSOCIATION - AIRCCA


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It was in existence exclusively for the welfare of commercial clerks which

includes booking clerks, goods clerks and parcel clerks. Originally it was

under the leadership of Sri. Srivatsava of Western Railway. Prior to 1974

strike they affiliated to AIREC.

ALL INDIA CANTEEN STAFF ASSOCIATION -

AICSA

Prevalent in all railway affiliated to AIREC at central level.

By filing a case in supreme court theyachieved full fledged railway men

status with all privileges. In Southern Railway it is functioning under the

General Secretaryship of Mr. Sivasankaran.

DOYENS OF SOUTHERN RAILWAY TRADE UNION

Com.S.Guruswami was born on 28th September 1904 at Nathakadu in

Coimbatore District. He passed B.A. in 1925 He was an apprentice in

Bengal-Nagpur Railway Indian Labour Union for about two years from

1925 to 1927 and became the Asst.Secretary of that Union in 1927. In 1930

he gave evidence on behalf of All India Railwaymens Federation before the

Royal Commission on Labour called the Whitlly Commission.

In 1933, in the Railway Workshops at Perambur, there was an historical

strike from 24.10.1932 to 06.01.1933 when Com.V.V.Girl was the President


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of the Union. Com.S.Guruswami played an important role for the successful

conduct of the strike which is worth remembering.

In 1937, Com.S.Guruswami was elected President of Madras and Southern

Maharatta Railway Employees Union, Perambur. He went to Geneva as a

delegate to participate in the international labour conference.

In 1942 he fought with the Railway Administration and obtatined increase

and promotion to employees of Hubil and Perambur workshop who were

kept stagnated and rotting for years together without any increase or

promotion.

Com.S.Guruswami was the General Secretary of the All India Railwaymens

Federation and then President for more than four decades. He was also the

President of M & S M Railway Employees Union from 1939 to 1957. He

was mainly responsible for bringing out First Central Pay Commision. He

had closer contact with Labour


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released on 08.10.81, to commemorate the day J.P. shed his mortal coil in

1979. G.RAMACHANDRAN

Com.G.Ramachandran, veteran railway Trade Union leader and one of our

elder Trade Union leaders for long years had very close association with

Com.S.Guruswami. Affectionately called GR by lakhs and lakhs of

railwaymen, he is sincerely and honestly serving the working class in

general and railwaymen in particular for the past five decades. Com.GR

undertook indefinite fast from 1.1.86

Against the exploitation of loading and unloading workers in Trichnolopoly

goods shed till the Supreme Court intervened to catch this genuine issue on

21.1.86 and thus got the status of railway employees to those workers.

K.P.RAMASWAMY

Com.K.P.Ramaswamy, a veteran Railway Trade Union leader,

affectionately known as KPR. This Septuagenerian when he was working at

Salt Cotaurs, about 50 years ago, started a work-spot staff canteen, the first

of its kind in the Railway. He organized the first and total strike at Salt

Cotarus in 1950 on the call of the Union to protest against price in the Rly

Grain shop. He was of the founder and President of All India Station

Masters Association. He was later elected as the first Central President of the

All India Railwya Employees Confederation in 1972 which was recognized

in 1977 by Janatha Govt. He was one of the members of the Action

Committee of National Co-ordination Committee for Railwaymens

Struggle in the historical MAY 1974, Railway strike. In reprisal of the

strike, he was compulsorily retired from service he however fought his way


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back to services. He is still very active in the Railway Labour movement.

P.SIVAN PILLAI

Sivan Pillai a sincere and honest railwayman emerged from Station Masters

category he fought for justice to station Masters against the misdeeds of the

Railway management on the Station Masters. He led 500 strong raily of

Station Masters from Madras Egmore to General Manager, Southern

Railway on 12 Point Charter of demands of Station Masters. The historical

stay in strike in April 1978 conducted by Station Masters of Southern

Railway was led by him to success. He got maximum benefits to the Station

Masters such as grade wise rest giving/leave reserve, one hour over time

allowance daily for Supervisory Station Masters. He was elected as

Secretary General of AISMA during 1980 and April 1981 he conducted the

control Phone-boycott pressing 14 point charter of demands, in the end

achieving integration of Assistant Station Master and Station Masters into

one cadre. Having instinctive aptitude got the historic judgement of

upholding sec.37 of I.D.Act 1947 consequent of Control Phone-boycott. He

had excelled many of his senior lawyers in various legal forum by his

excellent arguments.

M.R.SABAPATHY

By his selfless sacrifice, sincerity, honesty, determination and conviction he

had served the upliftment of Loco running staff. In spite of several family

problems he continued the pay-boycott for 78 months and stood like a rock

till he got success in his DAR case and courts. He served as a President for

the All India Loco Running Staff Association.


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PROFILE OF SOUTHERN

RAILWAY


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3 ORIGIN AND GROWTH

Southern Railway which is the peninsular wing of the

Indian Railway was inaugurated on 14th April 1951 by merging

Madras South Maharatta, South Indian and Mysore State

Railways. Subsequently in 1966 with the formation of South

Central Railway, a portion of Southern Railway was transferred

to South Central Railway. Southern Railway now serves the state

of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, a major portion of Karnataka, part ofAndhra Pradesh and the Union Territory of Pondichery. It has a

total kilometreage of 7,021kms. Comprising of 3239 kms on

Metre gauge and 149 kms of Narrow gauge and about 14% of

countrys population covering 9.33 percent area of the country. It

has 7 Divisions located at Madras, Palghat, Bangalore,

Trivandrum, Tiruchchirappalli, Madurai and Mysore.

Being primarily a passenger-oriented railway system, the

Southern Railway carries a little over one million passengers daily.

Though the share of freight on Southern Railway is on the lower side,

the gauge conversion of important MG section to BG is expected to

increase the freight traffic considerably. At present Southern Railway

carries around 20 million tones of freight traffic annually.


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OVERVIEW

STATES SERVED - Tamil Nadu

Kerala

Karnataka

Andhra Pradesh

Pondicherry (UT)

DIVISIONS - Madras

Paghat

Trivandrum

Bangalore

Mysore

Tiruchchirappalli

Madurai

TRACK AND ROUTE KMS.

BG TRACK KMs. -5,850.45

ROUTE KMs. -3,239.18

MG TRACK KMs. -4,724.45

ROUTE KMs. -3,632.91

NG TRACK KMs. -153.22

ROUTE KMs. -148.46


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Electric - 20

ELECTRIFICATION

TRACK KMs. - 10,728.12

ELECTRICAL KMs. - 2,422.00

ROUTE KMs. - 7,020.55

ELECTRICAL KMs. - 954.00

PERSONNEL

Staff Strength 1,39,308

Staff Quarters 40,983

MAJOR YARDS Tondiarpet, Erode

Shoranur

Baiyappanahalli

Irumpanam, Emakulam

Tiruchchirappalli

Milavittan, Villupuram

ELECTRIC LOCO/EMU SHEDS Arakonam, Avadi

Tambaram

DIESEL LOCO SHEDS Erode, Krishnarajapuram


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Emakualm, Tondiarpet

Golden Rock, Mysore

WORKSHOPS 1. Carriage & Wagon Workshop, Golden Rock

2. Carriage & Wagon workshop, Perambur

3. Loco Works, Perambur

4. Carriage & Wagon workshop, Ashokapuram

5. Engineering Workshop, Arakkonam

6. Signal & Telecommunication Workshop,

podanur.

A PANORAMIC VIEW OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

On 16th April 1853, Indias first railway train steamed off on a 34

kilometers 0un from Bombay to Thane and later upto Kalyan on 1ST

May 1854. The Indian Railways transport 11,000,000 passengers and

800,000 freight tones every day across 109,338 track kilometers. In the

South, the first railway line was opened on 1st July 1856 between

Vyasarpady and Walajah Road, a distance of 101 kilometers.

Electric traction was introduced on Indian Railways in 1925 and first

electric train ran from Victoria Terminus (Bombay) to kurla and

Baroda. In 1930 Bombay to Poona and Kalyan to Igatpuri. In 1931

Madras to Tambaram. The growth of Indian Railways in the past 142


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years of its existence, is very phenomenal. It played a vital role in the

economic, industrial and social development of our country.

ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP OF INDIAN RAILWAYS

The Minister of Railways is responsible for running and Management

of Railways. He is answerable to the Parliament in regard to efficient

and safe running of the Railways and their proper management. A

board of management called the Railway Board assist the Railway

Minister in his work. The Railway Board is the controlling authority in

regard to the day to day administration of Railways.

RAILWAY BOARD

The Railway board was first set up in 1905 and consists of four

members namely, Member Staff, Member Mechanical and Member

Transportation. One of these members is the chairman of Railway

Board and is the Principal Secretary to the Minister of Railways. There

is a Financial Commissioner who is responsible for all financial

matters. The work amongst the Members of the Railway Board and

Financial Commissioner is allocated subject wise.

1. ADMINSTRATIVE SET UP OF SOUTHERN RAILWAY


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The Indian Railways is divided into nine Zones. The nine zones as

shown in Table

S.No.Name of Zone Head Quarters

1. Southern Madras

2. Central Bombay

3. Eastern Calcutta

4. Northern New Delhi

5. North-Eastern Gorakphpur

6. North-East Frontier Maligoan

7. South-Eastern Railway Calcutta

8. Western Railway Bombay

9. South Central Secunderabad


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ORGANISATION OF RAILWAY ZONE-HEAD

QUARTERS

East zonal Railway is headed by a General Manager. The General

Manager is the Chief Administrative Head of a Railway zone. In his

administrative functions, he is assisted by two additional General

Manager, a Senior Deputy General Manager and Dy. General

Managers. The work of the entire Railway zone is divided at Head

Quarters, subject wise, and each branch so divided has its Chief, who is

directly responsible to the General Manager, for the smooth and

efficient working of his branch.

Main branches in the Headquarters of a Railway zone are as follows:

Operating, Commercial, Civil, Engineering, Mechanical, Finance &

Accounts, Personnel, Signal & Telecommunication, Electrical

Engineering, Medical, stores and Security.

ORGANISATION OF RAILWAY DIVISIONAL

OFFICE

Each Railway zone is geographically divided into various divisions ordistricts with a view to achieve better control and greater efficiency.

Each zone is headed by Divisional Railway Manager who exercises

supervisory control over all the branches founctioning in a Division.


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towards Trade Unions and they do not want to contribute a part of their

hard earned money. Some of the members, instead of making regular

payments to the Unions, make adhoc payments if a dispute arises, which

shows a lack commitment to the Union.

The primary source of income of a Trade Union is the membership fee.

Contribution from members and donations account for about 84% of the

total income of Unions. Income derived from the sale of periodicals,

interest on investment and miscellaneous source are negligible. With

respect to recognised Unions, the finance smoothly flows to the coffers in

the following ways.

By compulsory donations

By Subscriptions

ByRaising fund by cultural activities.

MULTIPLICITY OF UNIONS AND INTER-UNION RIVALRY

Because of the betrayal in character, power and money-minded leadership

in the recognised federations in the Southern Railway, the category Unions

emerged to protect interest of the category people. There are more than one

hundred Unrecognised category Unions functioning in divisional, zonal and

all India level. These conditions will reveal the nature of the recognised

Unions and the fate of railwaymen. Though the railways has been

functioning for about 140 years, there is no specific rules and regulations to


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accord the recognition to the Union. The benefit of the recognition is purely

dependent on the mercy of railway bureaucrats and not on the workers

strength and will.

Due to the multiplicity of Unions in Southern Railway there is always inter-

Union rivalries, which ultimately cuts at the very root of Unionism,

weakens the power of collective bargaining and reduces the effectiveness of

the workers in securing their legitimate rights. Trade Unions to create

rivalry among Trade Unions so that the Unions are Weakened at every

level.

THE CODE OF CONDUCT 1958

The Trade Unions in Southern railway are not all following the basic

principle of code of conduct 1958 for maintenance of harmonious intra-

Union relations because the Unions instead of working for employees cause

always works towards selfish ends.

The Trade Unions in Southern Railways have to follow the basic principles

of code of conduct for the maintenance of harmonious intra-Union relations.

OUTSIDE LEADERSHIP

Outside leadership which is acommon feature of Trade Unions in India, is

found in Southern Railway also. The outside leadership of Unions leads to

political Unionism, ( each Union having allegiance to a different political


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EXTRA DICISONAL LEVEL

Extra Divisional officer will hold the meeting with the Branch Executive of

the recognised Union. Personnel Branch officer will assist other officer will

other officers. 30 subjects may be discussed. Maximum 10 representatives

will participate. Meeting will be held every 2 months.

SECOND TIER AT RAILWAY BOARD LEVEL

The PNM meeting will be held by the Chairman, Railway Board every

quarter with the recognised federations viz. AIRF and NFIR. Railway Board

Members and Directors will be present and conducted on a similar pattern

as that of zonal level ( Headquarters ) meeting. Subject on which no

decision could be taken at zonal level and policy matters may be discussed

at the Railway Board level.


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THREE TIER AT TRIBUNAL LEVEL

When no decision could be taken at Railway Boards level and disagreement

persists, and the subject matter is of sufficient importance to ment reference

to arbitration; the tribunal may be constituted. The tribunal will consist of

equal number of representatives of labour and management and a neutral

chairman. The Tribunal will make such investigations as they deem

necessary and will give their decision. It would be open to Government to

accept, reject or modify the decision of the Tribunal and where matters in

dispute affect workers under Ministries other than the Railway Ministry,

those ministries will be consulted.

JOINT CONSULTATIVE MACHINERY

The Government of India in the Ministry of Home affairs have introduced a

scheme for Joint consultative Machinery and compulsory Arbitration for

central Government employees in the year 1966. The first meeting was held

on 5.12.1966 at New Delhi.


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matters including those which come within the purview of the Permanent

Negotiating Machinery and Joint Consultative Machiner.

In 1947, the Govt. of India had enacted Industrial Dispute Act, to

safeguard the interest of the working class. Simultaneously to the formation

of INTUC, in 1947 INRWF was also formed in Railways. (Indian National

Railway Workers Federation). In 1953 AIRF and INRWF joined together

and formed NFIR (National Federation of Indian Railway men) But in 1956

AIRF came out and started functioning separately.

Trade Unions of Non-Gazetted

NATIONAL LEVEL INDIAN RAILWAY LEVEL

AITUC - 1920 AIRF 1922

INTUC - 1947 INRWF 1947

HMS NFIR 1953 ( AIRF + INRWF )

NFIR AND AIRF - 1950

Trade Unions of Gazetted Officers

7. All India Officers Federation.

8. Indian Railway Promotee Officers Association.

Recognition of Trade Unions

Charter XXV of IREM lays down the following conditions for

recognition of the Unions.

9. The Unions must be registered under Indian Trade Union Act 1926

10. It must consist of a distinct class of Railway Employees and must

not be formed on the basis of any caste, tribe or religion.

11. All Railway Employees of the same class must be eligible for

memebership. It should not be sectional.


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12. Its membership should not be less than 30% of the total number of

non-gazetted staff employed on the Railway concerned.

13. It should not engage in subversive activities.

Facilities extended to Recognised Unions

Recognition entitles the trade union to discuss with the Railway

Administration on matters of importance and right to negotiate across the

table. Special Casual Leave is given to the representatives for attending

meetings of Unions and federations and also for attending PNM, FNM

Meetings. Other benefits given to them are.


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Can we dispense with Trade Unions?

No. This is essential to tackle the problems kof worders day to day which are

not

solved by the bureaucrats because of lethargic attitude or ignoring the rule.

Trade

Union is necessary for any industry not only for the growth of the industry

but in the

larger interest of the working class.

Do you agree that strike is a weapon for getting desired results?

No. Ss long as Britishers were there in India, strike was necessary as there

was no

good relationship between the management and workers. After

Independence, we have many machineries like Permanent Negotiating

Machinery, Joint Consultative

Machinery etc., through which negotiation can be held, failing which the

problems

can be referred to the Arbitration for award.


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What do you suggest to improve the functioning of Trade Unions in

Southern

Railway?

As a Trade Union, close contact with the workers, especially of workshops

and

openline is necessary to know their problems.

What do you consider is the major achievement of the Trade Union to which

you belong?

Cadre restructuring - decasualisation scheme - gangman who were literates

putting

thumb impression (LTI) to receive their salary which was changed through

negotiation

and they can now sign.

Welfare measures undertaken by your Trade Union?

Running technical trainning centre lby name Sai Technical Training Centre,

recognise


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by Central Government under NCVT Scheme, where 144 students are given

training

in T.V., Radio, Electrical, Fitting and plumber trades and no collection is

made from

the students towards capitation or tuition fees. For every student, nearly

Rs.6,000 to

Rs. 7,000 is spent per year for one year which works to 12 to 14 thousand

for full

term. We are granting to the maximum of Rs.500/- to the suffering railway

employees

in dire need of financial help.


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K. P. RAMASWAMY, PRESIDENT, ALL INDIA RAILWAY

EMPLOYEES' CONFEDERATION

On One Union - One industry:

It is only theory. It is a paper tiger. It cannot be achieved.

On Strike:

Strike is a right of the worker. It should be used as the last weapon.

On categorical association:

The necessity of categorical association is out of experience of the past.

During the

company days the demand of the workers were mainly (1) more wages

(2)less number

of hours of work (3) right to lhave Union. Now the demands of the workers

have


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organised and cannot be brought under the purview of Trade Union

activities.

On One Union - One Industry:

Indiscipline has crept in and the system has been damaged due to

multiplicity of

recognised Trade Unions. If one singlel Trade Union is recognised the

working class

would have benefitted a lot. We have recently sent a report to the railway

board that

the Indian railways should adopt the one Union - one industry.

On collecting grievances:

We often go and meet the workers and collect the grievances. We conduct

gate

meeting, public meetings, besides regularly conductiong padyatri to have

man to man

contact to collect grievances.

On dual membership:


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This is not a healthy one. It should be curbed by bringing certain changes

and the

Trade Unions must agree for a check off system.

We feel very proud since for last 21 years there is no major strike, there is no

stoppage of work in Southern Railway because of the positive role played by

Trade

Union in Southern Railway.

On Privatisation:

Railways want to keep the entire system as business unit and to have only

such of

those who are directly connected with running of trains. Other workers like

catering,

cleaning etc., to private agencies. Because of this exploitation of labour will

be there

and there will not be any welfare measure for the workers.


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On CEG:

This gives opportunity to the labour to participate in the management. It is

now

renamed as PREM (Participation of Railway Employees in Management)

On affiliation to political party:

No. We do not have any affiliation to any political party.

On public support:

Any activities of Trade Union requires the mass support of the public. So the

Trade

Union will always have and keep in mind that their activities are given full

support by

the mass i.e., by the public and always maintain a very close rapport with the

public.

On improvement of Trade Union in Southern Railway:

Without truth no Trade Union can function effectively. Always talk truth to

the


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workers. Have principles and don't give any false propaganda. If you do all

these,

ther will be a steady growth and improvement in Trade Union of Southern

Railway.

6.0.4 MR. R. JAYARAJ. THE DIVISIONAL PRESIDENT &

LIAISON, AISMA

On one Union - one industry:

I welcome one Union for one industry by secret ballot among the workers.

On strike:

Strike is the last weapon for achieving the legitimate demands of the

workers - stike

should be a legal one.

One categorical Trade Unions:

The two recognised Trade Union's attitude were very lethargic in improving

the


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working condition of status of railway employees. They failed to solve the

problems

of categorical employees. AISMA has launched a total strike for 8 days

during 1978

and came out successful without any victimisation and solved their

demands. Even

the AIRF one of the recognised federation of railway has decided in the

Jaipur convention in 1976 to form their categorical association under the

banner of AIRF

because of their leadership failure to solve the problems of categories.

On management attitude to Trade Unions:

The Government of India has accepted the ILO conventions/

recommendations in

total but in implementation they never bothered even to implement a single

recommendation because it will affect their prosperity and money earning.

MR. N. SUKUMARAN. STATE ORGANISER. DAKSHIN

RAILWAY KARMIC SANGH


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What is your opinion on Trade Unions?

The Trade Union should be above politics. Strike should be the last weapon

to

achieve the desired results. Whilel welcoming one Union - one industry the

one Union

should not have any political identity. In place of Pay Commission Wage

Board

should be constituted. The working conditions of the workers are very poor,

the

materials which are purchased from local purchase.

6.1 EMPLOYEES' REACTIONS TOWARDS TRADE

UNIONS

** Involvement in Trade Union activities at grass root level and

their

moral courage to comment on the functioning of leadership


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Co-operation among the Trade Union

** In railways many categories have formed their own Uonions

and have

formed a confederation in the All India levels, though this

Confederation could not rise up to the expectation, the

communication gap shouldl be narrowed eradicated and if this

Confederation is strengthened Trade Union functioning in

Southern

Railway will definitely improve.

The Trade Union should first fight for lthe basic amenities of the staff

and

improve safety measures for proper working.

** Power and influence of Trade Union should be curtailed. Trade

Union

and leaders shoud stand separate from the Administration, work

really for the welfare of the workers and not for personal gains

and

popularity. Money making through Trade Unions should not be

encouraged.

Monthly meetings should be held to get suggestions.


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** Trade Unions should lbe periodically changed for effective

working.

The leaders/office bearers should often meet the staff not only to

collect donations but to apprise the achievements.

Trade Unions give voice for the general cause and to get the same

redressed.

** Trade Unions and management should have cordial relationship

with

mutual understanding.

Sincerity and devotion should be the main ideal behind every Trade

Union.

** We Should adopt one Union - one Industry policy; then only we

can

achieve some thing from Union.

Leaders should be from the serving employees. There should be no

external

leadership. Union shouldl be elected through secret ballot and

subscription

should be collected through check off system so that Union will be

useful to

redress grievances.


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** Trade Union must be genluinely concerned about the welfare of

the

employees. They must not indulge in violence and other anit-

administrative measure.

Leaders must be generous and they should work for the upliftment of

the

employees. Not to fill up their pockets.

** The Trade Union leaders should be elected by employees ever

year.

There must be only one Union. All employees should be made to

vote

to nominate the Trade Union leader.

Category wise associations to protect the importance of the categor as

a whole the general necessities and grievance of the category men, affiliated

to a genuine and worthy trade Union with an unselfish leadership.

Militancy has to be curbed. Unlawful assembly of Trade Union

activities at workspot should be done away with by providing

nominated places for their activities at each unit.


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Office bearers of Unions should work with unity and win the staff for

them coming forward with their problems outwards.

Trade Union education must be given to the office bearers.

Require good, dedicated, educationally (i.e.) trustful leader to lead the

Southern Railway Trade Union.

Any Trade Union should not coerce the employees to become its

members. The choice of joining a particular Trade Union should be left

to the employees, who have reposed confiedence in it.

In order to have faith and satisfaction over the Trade Union it must

act in away to protect the basic rights, amenities and welfare of the

employees.

The retired railway people and kother outsiders outsiders and

politicians

occupying the key posts like President, Vice-President in the

recognised Unions should be dispensed with because they lack

interest in functioning and day to day grievances. Further these

people

are old and did not appreciate the modernisation and do not

tolerate

the advancement of youngsters.

To function as a Trade Union at least it must have 30% of the total

strengthof the organisation. To avoid duplication of a membership,


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subscription must be recovered through the pay bill. Minimum qualification

for Trade Union office bearers should be prescribed.

Avoid fund raising dues among the employes. Can work together with

rival Unions for a common cause.

The Trade Union should not be leader based. It should be follower based and

should see the real problems of employees.

The Union must have to represent the mass problems i.e., wage

revision, weightage to service, time scale method of promotion etc

the Government.


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BUDGET


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1RAILWAY BUDGETS

A sample ticket; fares on the network are among the cheapest in the

world.

The Railway Budget deals with the induction and improvement of

existing trains and routes, the modernization and most importantly the

tariff for freight and passenger travel. The Parliament discusses the policies

and allocations proposed in the budget. The budget needs to be passed by asimple majority in the Lok Sabha (India's Lower House). The comments of

the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) are non binding. Indian Railways are

subject to the same audit control as other government revenue and

expenditures. Based on the anticipated traffic and the projected tariff, the

level of resources required for railway's capital and revenue expenditure is

worked out. While the revenue expenditure is met entirely by railways

itself, the shortfall in the capital (plan) expenditure is met partly from

borrowings (raised by Indian Railway Finance Corporation) and the rest

from Budgetory support from the Central Government. Indian Railways

pays dividend to the Central Government for the capital invested by the

Central Government. A sample Indian Railway ticket File history Legend:

(cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert

to this old version. A sample Indian Railway ticket File history Legend:

(cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert

to this old version. Sansad Bhavan, The Parliament of India The

Parliament of India (or Sansad) is bicameral. Executive President Vice-

President Prime Minister Dy.


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As per the Separation Convention (on the recommendations of the

Acworth Committee), 1924, the Railway Budget is presented to the

Parliament by the Union Railway Minister, two days prior to the General

Budget, usually around 26 February. Though the Railway Budget is

separately presented to the Parliament, the figures relating to the receipt

and expenditure of the Railways are also shown in the General Budget,

since they are a part and parcel of the total receipts an

s s project

Documents