s bozzini* and d friedman** *safety engineering international, goleta, ca, usa **center for injury...
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![Page 1: S Bozzini* and D Friedman** *Safety Engineering International, Goleta, CA, USA **Center for Injury Research, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Presented by: Susie](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022110206/56649ce15503460f949ab6ca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Reliability and Relevance of Rollover Occupant Injury Potential
Tests
S Bozzini* and D Friedman***Safety Engineering International, Goleta, CA, USA**Center for Injury Research, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Presented by: Susie Bozzini
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Types of rollover Events
This paper was developed to examine to the difference between a lateral rollover test and a ramp rollover test in
relation to predicting occupant injury in rollovers.
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Frequencies of different Rollover Types:Trip-Over and Flip-Over = 72% of all Rollovers
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Definitions of Trip-OversThe 4 types of trip-overs constituting 59.8% of rollovers are characterized
in tests as “lateral” rollovers such as dolly rollovers or JRS rollovers.
Trip-Over 1: Curb
Trip-Over 2:The vehicle skids sideways on a flat surface and topples over.
Trip-Over 3:This is a type of accident where the rollover occurs on a gradient with soft surface and a sideways tilting vehicle.
Trip-Over 4: Ascending slope
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Definitions of Flip-OversThese 3 types of flip-overs constituting 11.7% are
characterized in tests as “ramp” rollovers.
Flip-Over 1:
This is where a vehicle moves mainly along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, reaches a mound, which causes it to rotate around its longitudinal axis, and topples over.
Flip-Over 2:
This is where a vehicle moves mainly along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, reaches a ditch, which causes it to rotate around its longitudinal axis, and topples over.
Flip-Over 3:
This is where a vehicle falls sideways off the road onto a significantly lower terrain.
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Injury severity grades of belted not ejected occupants for different kinds of rollover - +300 Trip vs 65 Flip
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Comparison of Trip-Over and Flip-Over Frequency and Injury Level
Count/Frequency
%
% Not
Injured % MAIS
1% MAIS
2-4% MAIS
5/6
Total Trip-Over
Rollovers328/59.8% 11.66 38.4 8.68 0.82
Total Flip-Over
Rollovers66/11.7% 1.91 9.17 2.29 0.21
4 times as many MAIS 2-4 and MAIS 5/6 in Trip-overs vs. Flip-overs
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Trip-Over Test Method
Key components of the Jordan Rollover System (JRS): (1) vehicle, (2) cradle/spit mount, (3) moving roadbed, (4) support towers, (5) coupled pneumatic -roadbed propulsion and roll drive
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Vertical Residual A-Pillar CrushNormalized to 21mph 10 deg pitch
Vertical Crush in JRS Tests displayed on Residual Crush Injury Probability Chart
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Flip-Over Test Method
Key components of the Ramp Rollover Test: (1) vehicle, (2) tow motor (3) ramp
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Ramp Rollover Impact Parameters vs. Lateral Rollover Impact Parameters
Parameter: Ramp Rollover Test Lateral Rollover Test
Roll Rate (Test)175 deg/sec at near side
contact244 deg/sec at near side
contact
Pitch Rate (Test)15 deg/sec, oscillating from
0 - front/nose upConstant at 10 deg (+/-2)
Roll Angle (Test)105 degrees, a little more
than 1/4 turn
145 degrees, more than 1/4 turn – injurious rollover are ~ more than 4 quarter turns
Pitch Angle (Test)
18 degrees, front/nose UP
10 degrees, front/nose DOWN
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Production SUV roof crush v. roll angle
Typical Rollover Result in Lateral Test Method – Significant Far Side A-Pillar Crush
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Figure 12. – SUV with HALO™ roof crush v. roll angle
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1. Trip-over accidents represent 60% of rollovers and flip-overs represent
12%. Trip-overs are characterized by lateral rollover tests and flip-overs are characterized by ramp rollovers.
2. Typical physical ramp rollover tests at 50 mph are 2 ½ times more energetic than 30 mph lateral tests and do not represent real world flip-over accidents.
3. Comparative virtual testing between ramp rollover and lateral rollover conditions using a typical SUV, suggest that ramp rollovers are typically more benign than lateral rolls.
4. The roof crush in ramp rollover conditions tends to be more significant on the leading impact side and the roll rates at contact with the trailing side are not as high as those observed with lateral roll test conditions
5. Lateral Rollover tests more accurately predict Potential Occupant Injury because the testing parameters are more representative of the real world crash senarios.
CONCLUSIONS
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ACKNOWLEGEMENTSThe Authors would like to thank Friedman Research
Corporation for their assistance with the data in this paper.
Thank you
Questions?
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Figure 7. Spreadsheet and Test, Roll and Pitch Velocity - SUV
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Figure 8. Spreadsheet and Test, Roll and Pitch Angles - SUV
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Figure 9. Spreadsheet and Test, Vehicle c.g. Velocity - SUV
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Figure 10. Spreadsheet and Test, Vehicle c.g. Displacement - SUV
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Table 7. List of roll sequence segments and serious-to-fatal injury probability