ry ol geo-...the infantry schoolschool- fort scho-ol benningbanning, georgiageorgia- advanced...
TRANSCRIPT
THE INFANTRY SCHOOLSCHOOL-FORT
SCHO-OL
SCHOOL-FORT
SCHO-OL
SCHOOL-FORT
SCHO-OLFORT BENNINGBANNING , GEORGIAGEORGIA-
ADVANCED
GEO-
RGIA
GEORGIA-
ADVANCED
GEO-
RGIA
GEORGIA-
ADVANCED
GEO-
RGIAADVANCED COURSE1932-1933193219331932193-
3MILITARY
1932193-
3MIL
19321933-
M
-
MILITARYMILM I L I TART A R Y HISTORYHISTORYOPE-
RATIONS
HISH I 8 TORTHORT 0 R YY-
OPERATIONS
O-
PERATIONSOPERATIONS OF THE 3D PLATOON COMPANYOOMPANY AtA 301ST AMERICANAMERICAN-TANK
AMERIC-ANA
AMERICAN-TANK
AMERIC-ANA. 1'1' .' "
" . . __ _ __- " . . . . .. . ..TANK- .
BATTALIONBATTALI6N IN THEHE ATTACKA'l'TAAlTA' ' IC ON THEHE HINDENBURGHINDENBERGHINDENBUR-GLawkvgflBSMaWgl.
HIH-
IPersonal
Im-
personal
..'
"lillillilt" LawkvgflBSMaWgl.LawkvgflBSMaWglLawkvgflBSMaWgl.aadSSETIMBERL. aa-dSSETIMBERLaadSSETIMBERLsusceptibleft.-.. .TIUBmTub. .ww.!
"" '.onon. oo-
Personal
P-
ersonal
gg29 , 1S18191'1911S1-
8Personal' - ! ' :14001400:1400'f1400f: " \'f'ff\'-
fJOSIPH
f-
JOSIPH
J-
oseph
'
( Personal ExperienceExperienoe )
JOSEPHJOSIPH J.JJ . GUTKOW8KIGUTKOWSKIGUT KO WSKWK I ,CAPTAINOAPAP!AIl , INFANTRY.INFANTRYNrAlTRYRealtyINFANTRY.-
THE
INFANT-
RY
I .
" .
TABLE OF CONTENTSCONTENT-
SCover
Cont-
ents
CONTENT-
SCover
Cont-
ents
PAGEPAG-
ECover
Pas-
sover
PAG-
EUnpaged
Pag-
inated
PAGE-
v
PAG-
E
Cover sheetsheet.she et.et. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( Unpaged )
TableTab 1 e of contentscontents.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii-
Bibliography
B-
ibliography
i-
iiivBibliographyBibliography.B ib 1 1 o graphphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii-iviiiviiivM-
arginaliiiv-
v
-
Marginal abbreviations usedused.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vv-
Introduction
I-
ntroductionIntroductionIntroduction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-
General
1-
GeneralGeneral plan for action on September 29 , 1918.1918. . 33-
Reconnaissance
3-
Reconnaissance.
3-
ReconnaissanceReconnaissanceReconnaissance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-
ApproachApproach marchmarch.marc h.h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ". . 66-
AirAir forceforce.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77-
WeatherWeather conditioncondition.condicondo t ion.ion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. ". . . . . . . . . 77-
GroundGroundGround.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77-
OperationsOperationsOperations.*.. . 000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go. . . . . . . . . . 0-00. .- . .- . . . . . 0.0-
T
88-
TanksTanksTankT enken s.se . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99-
AntitankAnti-tankAntitank- defensesdefenses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111-
CasualCasualCasualtieCasualtiestt1es.t1esiesdiess.s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' ". . . . . . . . . . H11H-
Result
R-
esultResult ss.s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212-
CommentsCommentsOomments and criticismscriticisms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212-
Lessons.. . . . - . . . . ..
LessonsLessons.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., '. . . . o.o. . . . . .oIIt.oIItobit. <. ,. . . ... . . .. . 1313-
ConclusionsConclusionsOonclus1ons.Oonclus1onsCon o lu si on s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11414-
Operat1on
*
MAPMA-
POperation
Im-
propriation
MA-
POperation
Im-
propriation
-OperationOperat1on MapMap.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161816-
i
18-
1-i-i-1-1- i-
TABLE
T-
ABLE
1-
TABLE
-t
i
BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGR.APHYBIBLIOGRAPHY-
Warden
Bibliogr-aphy
BIBLIOGR.APHYI-
I
BIBLIOGRAPH-
Y
BIBLIOGRAPHY-
Warden
Bibliogr-aphy
.
. , ' '' ' WardenWard'en'Warden-WardenK.Warden' '- ,, K.KH .;" ', IT.IT4rr1r: ."" " " "Acotank"AcotankAoot'ank"AootankCottaLaotianII" ' " , PhiladelphiaPhilRdelphiaPhil.edel-ohiaPhil.edelohiaPiledOhio. - , E.E. A.AA-
.WrightA-
weighI.IA-
.WrightA-
weigh. .
Wrightnight Company.CompanyCompany.-
A
Compan-
y
.
A history of CompanyCompeny "A"A" " 301st Tank BattalionBettal1on, ,written by ltletl ? t Lieutenant P.PH.H. W.W'T.T' . Warden , comcom-com-manding
com-manding
com-manding
¬-mandingmadding the 1st Platoon of this company.companycompany-.Accurate
com-pany company-.Accurate
com-pany company-.Accurate
com-pany .Accurate , detailed andend unbiased.unbiased. ContainsContains-copies Cont-ains
Contains-copies Cont-ains
Contains-copies Cont-ainscopies of the Official Reports on all actionsactions-in
actio-nsin which the company was engaged.engagedengaged-
."Story
engage-
dStory
enga-ged
engaged-
."story
engage-
dstory
enga-ged
engaged.-
Montgomery
.
Montgomery , E.E. A.AA-
.O'Ryan
A-
ORyan
A-
Ryan
A-
.O'Ryan
A-
ORyan
A-
Ryan
. "StoryStory" of the Fourth Army in thethe-Battles
he-atless
the-Battles
he-atless
the-Battles
he-atlessBattles of the 100 DaysDayeAye , August 8th8th-to
8th-to
8th-toto November llth11thlilt , 1918"1918" , London ,HodderOdder and StoughtonSought , Ltd.Ltd. ,.. 1920.19201920-
.Compiled
1920-
Compiled
1920-
.Compiled
1920-
Compiled
1920-
.Compiled
1920-
Compiled
.
Compiled by members of ArmyA.rmy. Corps andB.ndBndBand. DivisionDivision-Staffs
Divis-ionsDivision-
StaffsDivis-ionsDivision-
StaffsDivis-ionsStaffs of the Fourth Army , and from the rere-
cordsre-rere-
cordsre-
cords¬-
cords of the Fourth Army.ArmyArmy.-
An
Ary-
an
Army.-
An
Ary-
an
Army.-
An
Ary-
an
.
An accurate general account , but withithitch littlelittled-etail. litt-lest
littled-etail. litt-lest
littled-etail. litt-lestdetail.detaildetail.-
The
det-aildetail.-
The
det-aildetail.-
The
det-ail
.
The author states thatthsthast, the brevity of accountsaccount-srelating
acco-unts account-srelating
acco-unts account-srelating
acco-untsrelating to the II American Corps wasW8S, due toto-lability
so-lvability
t-o'bility t-obilitym-
obilitylability'bilitybilityliabilityability'"bilibiliBillie" ty to get any more informationinforms.tioninformstion. from thethe-Corps.
he-ctors
the-Corps.
he-ctors
the-Corps.
he-ctorsCorps.Corps.
O'RyanORyanRyan0'0' Ryan , J.J. FF-
Price
P-
rice
F.FF-
.Price
. "StoryStory" of the 37th27th Division"DivisionDivisionu.Divisionu" . NewNew-
YorkNet-
workNew-
YorkNet-
workNew-
YorkNet-
workYork , Wynkoop HallenbeckHellene Crawford ,1931.19311921.19211931-
.Written
1931-
Written
1921.-
Wr1
1921-
Wr1
1921.-
r
1921-
r
1921-
.Written
1921-
Written
.
WrittenWr1 ttenten by the general officerofficer.officers., who commandedcommande-dthe
comman-dedthe division in France.FranceFrence.FrenceFence. Very detailed.detailed . GenGen-Ge-nerally
Ge-nerally
Ge-nerally
¬-erallyrally accurateaccure.teaccureteaccrete. but inclined to favor thethe-division.
tel-evision
the-division.
tel-evision
the-division.
tel-evisiondivision.division. He makes no unfavorable comment onon-
theM-
onteon-
theM-
onteon-
theM-
ontethe actions of any members or organizations ofof-his
oa-
fishof-
hisoa-
fishof-
hisoa-
fishhis division.division. HisHieHide referencesreferenoes to the 301st301s-tBattalion
301s-tBattalion
301s-tBattalionBattalion are brief "rehash"rehash" " of the battalionsbe.ttalionsbettalionsbattalionso-wn
be.ttalionso-wn
battalio-ns.
r own reports.reportsreporepotreports.-
Price
repo-rts
rt s.s..
Price , JackJaokJakeJack-
Harrison
Ar-
cheries
Jaok-
Harrison
"TankTank" ActionsAotionsAbortions A.E.F.AEFA.E.r.AErABEEAr. . . " , Kansas"'tfityKansastfitylanse.s"itylansesityKansasblandestKansas. "°"' 'UityUityUnity"'(; ,Publishers unknown.unknownunknown.-
A
unknow-
n
.
A verbatim copy of the Official reports subsub-sub-
mittedsub-
mittedsub-
mitted¬-
mittedemitted by Tank Battalions and Brigade ComCom-Co-mmanders
Co-mmanders
Co-mmanders
¬-mandersmaunders on the actionsaotionsabortions in which their organiorgani-organicorgani-zations
organi-zations
organi-zations
¬-zationsactions were engaged.engaged. The complete storystory-of
stor-yof the Tank Corps1Corps'Corps' participationpartioipation in the war.warwar-.Accurate
art-iculate
war-.Accurate
art-iculate
war-.Accurate
art-iculate
.Accurate and authentic.authenticauthentic.-
Harrisonauth-
entic.
Harrison , R.R. B.B. " 301st TankTenkTen BattalionBattel10n Commanders1Oommanders'OommandersCommandersCommanders-1Notebook"
Commanders-1Notebook
Oommanders'-Not
Oommanders-Not
Commande-ers
'$Notebook"NotebookNot ebookrebook n" .
A notebook kept by the battalion commander inin-which
I-ndic
in-which
I-ndic
in-which
I-ndicwhich data was constantly recorded.recorded. TheThe.TheTh-e.official
Th-eoretical
Th-eofficial
Th-eoretical
.
official reports of the battalion were compiledcompiled-mainly
comp-iled
compiled-mainly
comp-iled
compiled-mainly
comp-iledmainly from the data recordedreoorded in this book.bookbook-
.ii
book.-
11
book-
11
book-
ie
.
-ii-ii-11-11ii-- ii-
Ward'en'
ii-
Warden
in-
ward
11-
i
11-
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-
UnbiasedUnb1.as'dUnb1.asdUnb1asd. '! aitd.aitd.an.d.andaid.sad..aaour.etelysadaaouretely,. . .. accurately.a.c..o.ur.ltetyacourltetyCourtney. . .. . :.. ! detaileddetailad.detailaddetailed.,. MadeMad-
eFuller
Ad-
elle
Mad-e"in
Mad-ein
Mad-den
Mad-e"in
Mad-ein
Mad-den"inin" the field at the time"time" .
Fuller , J.J. F.F. "TanksTanks" in the Great War"WarWax"WaxTar"Tar" . NewNew-
YorkNet-
workNew-
YorkNet-
workNew-
YorkNet-
workYork , ButtonDutton and CompanyOompany , 1930.19301920.19201930.-
A
1930-
A
1920.-
A
1920-
A
.
A general history of the development ofof-the
of-ten
of-the
of-ten
of-the
of-tenthe tank and its use.use. ItI t isi s accurate butbut-very
but-tery
but-very
but-tery
but-very
but-teryvery lacking in details.detailsdetails.-
The
deta-
ils
.
The following publications were consulted but proved to bebe-of
be-ef
be-of
be-ef
be-of
be-efof no assistance.assistanceassistance.-
Rarey
assista-
nce
assistance.-
Rarey
assista-
nce
assistance.-
Rarey
assista-
nce
.
RareyRare , 0.0G.G. H.HH-
.Brown
H-
ebron
. "AmericanAmerican" Heavy TanksTenksTens withwi tb thethe-British
He-braists
the-British
He-braists
the-British
He-braistsBritish Offensive"Offensive" . InfantryInfantry-Journal Infa-ntry Infantry-Journal Infa-ntry Infantry-Journal Infa-ntryJournal , Volume 31.3131.-
A
31-
A
31.-
A
31-
A
31.-
A
31-
A
.
A general accurate summary of the offioffi-offoffi-cial
offi-cial
offi-cial
¬-cialcal reports of the 301st Tank Battalion.BattalionBattalion.-
"Tanks
Battalion-
TanksBatta-
lionBattalion."-
Te.nks
Battalion-
TenksBatta-
lionBattalion.-
Brown
Battal-ion
.
Brown , D.D. G.GG-
.Laffitte
G-
laciate
G-
.Laffitte
G-
laciate
. "TanksTanks"Te.nksTenksTens". in Action11.Action11Action"Action" . London ,
William Blackwood and Company , 1920.19201920.-
A
1920-
A
.
A very interesting account of the experexper-expertexper-iences
exper-iences
exper-iences
¬-iencesincest of a tank commander in the BritishBritish-Tank
Briti-shBritish-
TankBriti-shBritish-
TankBriti-shTank Corps.Corps. His only mention of the 301st30lst301s-
tBattalion30lst-
Battalion301s-
tBattalionBattalion was taken up with an expressionexpression-of
expressio-no
expressi-onofo f his disapproval of the lacklaoklao of trainedtrained"-batsmenj1
trainedb-atsmenj1
trained"-be.t
trained-bet
train-edtrained-
"battrained-
battrain-ed"batsmenj1batsmenj1"be.tbet"batbat" . smenJ'smenJmenamen j'j' personal servantsservants , which thethe-
battalionte-
arstainthe-
battthr-
eatthe-
battalionte-
arstainbattalionbattbatty 8lion, lacked.lackedlaoked.laokedlookedlacked.-
"Tank
lacked-
Tanklac-kedlaoked.-
"Tank
laoked-
Tankloo-kedlacked-
.Laffitte
.
LaffitteAfflicted R.RR-
.Stern
G-
-string
R-
.stern
R-
aster
. "TankTank" Corps from 1916-1918"19161918"1918- " .Paris.ParisPeris.PerisPerils, . HenriHendrix Charles-LavauzelleCharlesLavauzelleOharles-LavauzelleOharlesCharlesLavauzelle-et
OharlesLavauzelle-et
-et ciecine , 1921.19211921.-
A
1921-
A
1921-
.very
1921-
very
..
A very briefb:1efb1efb:1efgtt'r1"b1efgttr1b ::+ ieffief: 1rtre.t1rtret-gtt'r1"gtt'r1"gttr1- * . >'rgr.ojfrgrojfergorgr.ojftke.": : . ! ' -tke.tke..tbe.tbe.4be.4be.4betaketube,.-.. . . Fxenofcrx.eno1.lrxeno1.lrxeno1lFeoffF .eno1i. TankTentTank-
CorpsAnc-
horsTent-
CorpsGen-
CorpTank-
CorpsAnc-
horsCorps andend of the American battalionsthatbattalions-thatbattalionsthat-battalionsthatw-ere battalio-ns battbatty lioClio s-'thats'thatthats'that-were
sthat-were
shatte-red
*- '
were equipped withithitch French tanks.tankstenks.tenkstens. ItIt-contains
In-tonations
It-contains
In-tonations
It-contains
In-tonationscontains no mention of the 301st BattalionBattalion.Battalion.-
"Tanks
Battalion-
TanksBatta-
lionBattalion.-
Stern
Battali-ons
*.
Stern , A.A1.1. G.GG-
.Woolnough
G-
.Woolnough
. "TanksTanks" , 1914-191819141918-- ; the Log BookBook-of
Bo-ok
Book-of
Bo-ok
Book-of
Bo-okof ae.ea.. Pioneer"Pioneer" . New York , HodderOdderHodder-and
Hade-an
Hodder-and
Hade-an
Hodder-and
Hade-anand 8toughtonstoughtonsought , 1919.19191919.-
The
1919-
The
1919.-
The
1919-
The
1919.-
The
1919-
The
.
The story of the difficulties of thethe-organization
ter-rorization
the-organiEation
the-organization
ter-rorizationorganizationorganiEation of the Tank CorpsOorpsOops and thethe-trials
the-atricals
the-trial.
the-atrical
the-trials
the-atricalstrialstrial.trial. of developmentdevelodevelop mentmeant and productionproduotion ofof-the
of-ten
of-the
of-ten
of-the
of-tenthe machinemach1nemachines* themselves.themselves . Very brief menmen-me-ntion
me-ntion
me-ntion
¬-tionion isi s made ofo f the battles in France.FranceFranoe.FranoeFrance-
."Brief
Franc-
eBriefFra-
nceFranoe-
."Erief
Frano-
eErief
Fern-eries
France.-
Woolnough
.
WoolnoughOolong , F.Fr.r. G.G. . "BriefBrief"EriefEriefErie" History of the Royal TankTank-Corps"
Tank-Corps
An-chors
Tank-Oorps"
Tank-Oorps
Ta-nkers
Tank-Corps"
Tank-Corps
An-chorsCorps"CorpsOorps"OorpsOops" . London , Gale and PoldenPo1denOlden ,1935.19351925.19251935-
.General
1935-
General
1925.-
Brown
1925-
Brown
1925-
.General
1925-
General
.
General aocountaccount of tank actions duringduring-the
duri-ngthe war.war. Accurate but too brief to bebe-
ofbe-
efbe-
ofbe-
efbe-
ofbe-
efof any aid.aida1d.a1daid-
.iii
a1d-
.i1i
a1d-
i1i
aid-
.iii
.
-iii-iii-i1i-i1i- iiix-
.
i1i-
Unbiased
-
x.x\.- -
. . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . , ., . . . . . . . " . . . . . . .
Williams-EllisWilliamsEllisWilliams-ElliElli- 8 , "TankTank" Corps11.Corps11Corps"Corps" . New York , DoranDoran-and
Dor-anDoran-
andDor-anDoran-
CloughDo-ran . . ,CloughCoughClough-
Boraston
Clou-
dburst
Clough-
Doyle
Coug-
hed
and Company j,, 1S191'91919191978' '..:
An accurate , general history of thethe-British
He-braists
the-British
He-braists
the-British
He-braistsBritish TankTenkTen CorpeCorpsCope in whichwhicb the 301st301lt301st-Battalion
301lt-Bettalion
301st-BattalionBattalionBettalion, ieisi B mentioned.mentioned. It is too generalgeneral-to
generat-orto be of value.valuevalue-
."Sir
valu-
eSirval-uesvalue-
."Sir
valu-
eSirval-uesvalue.-
Boraston
alge-
braist.
BorastonOration , J.J. H.HH-
.Maurice
. "SirSir" Douglas Haig'sHaigsHeig'eHeigeFaig'FaigHagsBeigeFig, ' s DespatchesDispatchesDespatches-December
Dispa-tches
Despatches-December
Dispa-tches
Despatches-December
Dispa-tches( December 1915lS15--Apr11lS15Apr111915--April1915April- - April 1919)19191919)11.191911.191911) " . NewNew-
YorkNet-
workNew-
YorkNet-
workNew-
YorkNet-
workYork , Dutton endand Company.CompanyCompany-
.Verbatim
Com-pany
Company-
.Verbatim
Com-pany
Company-
.Verbatim
Com-pany
.
Verbatim copies of the despatchesdispatches whichwhich-are
whi-ch
which-a.re
whi-ch
which-are
whi-charea.re. brief and concise.conciseconcise.-
"Last
concis-
eLast
conc-
iseconcise-
.WilliamsElli
concise.-
Maurice
con-cise
.
Maurice , F.FF-
.Doyle
F-
.Thomas
. "LastLast" Four Months.MonthsMonthe.MontheMonte. How the War waswas-Won"
was-Won
asw-oon
was-Won"
was-Won
asw-oon
was-Won"
was-Won
asw-oonWon"Won" . Boston , Little , BrownBro andand-Company
anc-
hormanand-
Companyanc-
hormanand-
Companyanc-
hormanCompany , 1919.19191919.-
A
1919-
A
.
A very general summary of the last fourfour-months
four-teenths
four-montbs
for-mats
four-months
four-teenthsmonthsmontbs of the war.war. It touches only the mostmos-tsalient
nos-talgia
mos-tsalient
nos-talgia
mos-tsalient
nos-talgiasalient points.pointspoints.-
"History
points-
Historypit-hiest
points.-
"History
points-
Historypit-hiest
points.-
Doyle
poi-nts
.
Doyle , A.A. C.CC-
.Thomas
. "HistoryHistory" of the GrestGreatRest War ; BritishBritishC-ampaign Bri-tish
BritishC-ampaign Bri-tish
BritishC-ampaign Bri-tishCampaign in France and Flanders ,July to November , 1918.1918. " New York ,Doran and CompanyCom enydeny , 1920.19201920.-
The
1920-
The
1920.-
The
1920-
The
1920.-
The
1920-
The
.
The general story is there but many detailsdetails-are
detai-lsare inaccurate.inaccurateinaccurate.-
"History
inaccurate-
Historyinacc-
urateinaccurate.-
Maurice
inacc-
urate
inaccurate.T-
homas
inaccu-rate
.
Thomas , ShipleyShirley "HistoryHistory" of the A.l.F.AlFA.E.F.AEFABE. . . " New York ,Doran and Company , 1920.19201920-
.Compiled
1920-
Compiled
1920-
.Oompiled
1920-
Oompiled
1920-
.Compiled
1920-
Compiled
.
CompiledOompiled from official sources and accurateaccurate-as
accura-teas to dates and facts but too brief.briefbrief.-
iv
bri-
ef
.
-iv-iv- iv-
wri
iv-
"JI
iv-
JI
ki-
wi
Fi-
ji
-
_..1.1t.11t.11t. '-.*" ' wriwrit. *C.oCo'."JIJI" a 117M MOW__ _ " .... I L II YMMrr
_Mr.. ,... 'IlIl.' ....7.7.7.. :..r..: :...M;,;;;('::-.i..i.-<..It.;. <
;:<. . .wtiaMiWyMYKwiwh*...t .;ir.; ;.c.c. .,.; --w.lIw.lI- .-.Nl/NlNlYYfMlpl...../ .YYfMlpl..... __Kwl.illVKwlillV
.on.oi't.oitobit' *. . rlrrr.:wi.i.. :i.MiRrY'IiiMiRrYIi*. MM-MMMMriMr. -.<.ri;:'*;.) .i.i..iMiM. ....
'i1-Yi1-Y'- . -+"p.ri- iIMiiIi: ".+rw.rw....... : .. . - i.tiitiziti:'.
. MMYt'MMYtMgmti 'M'Yrlll/jrM'YrlllMYrllljr!' / ::':"
. . . . - _ . . . . . .
. . . . . . - . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ' ." . . ' ' " . . - "- ' " . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , " . " " . . . . . . .
. . -, . . ..... . . . . . ... .... . . "' '' ' ' , - . "' - ' . " _ . '
MARGINAL ABBREVIATIONS USEDUSED-
AGOtank
USE-
DAcotenk
USE-
DAcotankAGOtankAcotenkAcotankAngolanCoteCottaAGOtan-
k4th
Acotenk-
4th
"AcotankiAcotankiAcotank"Acotank"Acotank"ContainCotta"Acotanki-
"Story
Acotank-
iStory
Accomp-
anist
II""Acotank"-
4th
Acotank-
4th
Acotank-
"Harrison
Acotank-
Harrison
"
4th ArmyArm-
yHarrison
Far-
myards
"StoryStory" of tinethe Fourth Army in thethe-Battles
he-atless
the-Battles
he-atless
the-Battles
he-atlessBattles of the 100 DaysDeysDes, , August 8th8th-to
8th-to
8th-toto November llth11thlilt , 1918.19181918.It1918It. It"I-
t"Notebook
I-
tNotebook
T-
enterhookHarrison , R.R. B.BB-
.O'Ryan
B-
ORyan
B-
Ryan
. "NotebookNotebook" of MajorMs jorjour R.R. B.B. Harrison ,301st301et Battalion , Tank Corps.Corps. "
O'RyanORyanRyanO'Ryan-
Tank
ORyan-
Tank
Boyn-
ton0'001' RyanRyan-
Tank
Bry-
ant"StoryStory" of the 27th Division.Division . "
Tank ActionsActions-
FullerActio-
nableActions-
FullerActio-
nable"TankTank" Actions A.F.F.AFFA.t.F.-A.t.F.FFA.t.F.Je.okA.A. Y.Y. F.F. w"- JackJe.okJeokJock. Price.PricePrice.-
"Tanks
Price-
Tanks
Prin-ceton
Price.-
"Tanke
Price-
Tanke
Prin-ceton
Price-
.Fuller
Prid-efully
.
Fuller "TanksTanks"TankeTankeTake" in the Great War"War" .Fuller , J.J. F.FF-
.v
.
-v-v- v-
MARGINAL
M-
ARGINAL
v-
MARGINAL
M-
ARGINAL
-
ITOQDIimONINTR.QDllDTIINTRQDllDTI(, T.T.
. - . . . . . -
TanksTenksTens had demonstrateddemonetre.teddemonetreteddemonstreted., their wor&worwortwordworstworwordi'ii'asiasbias&> /'. as, an offensiveoffensive-
weaponoffen-
siveoffensive-
weaponoffen-
siveoffensive-
weaponoffen-
siveweapon sometime before the United States entered thethe-
Great
th-ereat
the-
Great
th-ereat
the-
Great
th-ereatGreat War , and it waswes, essential that steps be taken toto-
provide
to-
rtoiseto-
provide
to-
rtoiseto-
provide
to-
rtoiseprovide our army with this weaponeapon to aid the infantryinfantry-infantry-
man
¬-man in his forward steps.stepssteps.-
To
stepsto-
ol
.
To equip the United States Army with tanks waswas-
somewhat
was-
somewhat
was-
somewhatsomewhat of a problem , and although our nation waswas-
most
war-
mest
was-
most
war-
mest
was-
most
war-
mestmost advanced in automotive engineering , it found itit-
selfit-itit-
self
it-
self
¬-
self lackinglaokinglooking in material which could be easily concon-con-
verted
con-
verted
con-
verted
¬-
vertedaverted into tanks in a short period of time.time. In factfe.ctfectfetfact-
itfe.c-
tit
fa-ct
.
it took America almost two years before it was preparedprepared-
to
prepare-
dto constructconstruot tanks in quantity , and this was onlyonly-
possiblecoll-
apsibleonly-
possiblecoll-
apsibleonly-
possiblecoll-
apsiblepossible with the aid of her Allies.Allies. Hence it waswa-
snecessary
wa-
tercress
was-
necesss.ry
wa-
snecessary
wa-
tercressnecessarynecesss.rynecesssry. to accept anything our Allies hadhe.dhedheed. to offeroffeoffer-
to
offe-r.
off-er
offer.-
to
offerto-
ry
offe-
to
offs-
et
.
to form a nucleusnuoleus of the United States Tank Corps inin-
France
in-
ference
in-
France
in-
ference
in-
France
in-
ferenceFrance and America.AmericaAmerica-
.Themission
America.-
11hemi
America-
11hemi
.
. 'The-missionThemission.f11'e"'m19s1on'.f11em19s1onf11em19s1on11he-mi11hemi. !' ', "-- ' as iunun '- of-reofreof''I''eOofIeOofficeof.of'. -'.'.excitingrecruiting''' ) 1 t1ng and organizing of thethe-
United
te-
ntedthe-
Uni
th-en
the-
United
te-
ntedUnitedUniUnix ted States Tank'rankrank' Corps in AmericaAmerioa wasws.SwsSwasps. givengi venSven toto-
Colonel
co-
cooned
to-
Colonel
co-
cooned
to-
Colonel
co-
coonedColonel Harley B.B. Ferguson , C.E.CEe.E.eE. . , U.U. 8.8S.S. A.A. ,. a capablecapable-
and
capab-
leand worthy officer of the pre-WorldpreWorld- War days , who hadhajhajjhad-
distinguished
a-ddicting
haj-
distinguished
a-djusting
had-
distinguished
a-ddictingdistinguished himself in the Spanish-AmericanSpanishAmerican- War andand-
by
an-
dy
and-
by
an-
dy
and-
by
an-
dyby raising the Battleship Maine , fourteen years afterafter-
its
afterbi-
rths
after-
its
afterbi-
rths
after-
its
afterbi-
rthsits sad ending.ending. This mission consisted of selectingselectingc-
ommissionedsele-ctingselectingc-
ommissionedsele-ctingselectingc-
ommissionedsele-ctingcommissioned and noncommissionednonoommissionednoncommissionedd officers for thethe-
framework.
framework of this new arm.arm. SoSoJSoySo; late in February , 1918 ,
and under ''hehe' he designation as the 65th Engineers , thethe-
organization
ter-
rorizationthe-
organization
ter-
rorizationthe-
organization
ter-
rorizationorganization that waswaewade to becomebeoome the 301st30let Battalion ,
U.U. S.S8.8. Tank CorpsOorpsOops waswaaWada assembled at CampOampAmp Meade , MarylandMaryland.Maryland-
.l
Marylan-
d
*.
(1)1( l ) AootankAootantLaotianAootant-pLaotia-n
(1)1(1)-p
1-p
( )
p 32 .(1)1-1-1- 1-
(1)
1-
1
-
. . . . . . , . . . . . - - -- - - - _ ._ . . - '- "
."
. .1.1.11.11. . . ......-- ..-
On April 9th , 1918 , this battalion reached thethe-
BritishHe-
braiststhe-
BritishHe-
braiststhe-
BritishHe-
braistsBritish Tank School at WarehamAbraham , DorsetCorset CountyOountyBounty ,
(2)2( ) AcotankAcota.nkCottaAcotank-pAcota.nk-pContai-nCott-a
. England , (2)2( ) where it was to be trained in tanktank-
technique
tank-
technique
tank-p
tan-kp 42
technique andend tactics , and here it remained untiluntil-August
unp-
lugsuntil-
Aug
un-til
until-August
unp-
lugsAugustAugAu st 24th , 1918 , when it was sent to France to bebe-
attached
re-
attached
be-
attached
re-
attached
be-
attached
re-
attachedattached to the British Tank Corps for a tour of
(3)3( ) N.B.NB. . R.B.H.RBHHRH. . . service at the front.front. (3)3(3)-
It3-
It(3)-
It3-
It( )
It was contgmplatedcontemplatedconcontconst , platediplated that the battalion was toto-
be
t-oe
to-
be
t-oe
to-
be
t-oebe trained and equipped by thethp.thphp. British and remainremain-
with
rem-ain
remain-
with
rem-ain
remain-
with
rem-ainwith them as pertpe.rtpart. of thethp.thphp. British Tank Corps untiluntil-
conditions
until-
conditions
until-
conditionsconditions for tank operations became unfavorableunfavorable-
on
unfavorab-
leon the British front , or American Tanks were available ,
at which time it wasWRSWARS to be returned to the American
(4)4( 4)4) N.B.NB.N.N. E.E. R.B.H.RBHHRHR.R. B . H . Army.Army. (4)4(4)-
After
4-After
(4)-
After
4-After
( 4)4)
After the battalions1battalions'battalions' arrival in France , thethe-
firstth-
eirsthe-
firstth-
eirsthe-
firstth-
eirsfirst two weeks were spent in drawing equipmentequiequip mentmeant andand-
tanks.
san-
dbanks
and-
tanks.
san-
dbanks
and-
tanks.
san-
dbankstanks.tanks. On August 30th a detachment of officers andand-
noncommissioned
and-
noncommissioned
and-
noncommissionednoncommissioned officers left the battalionbatta11.onbatta11on. to join \the BritishBrit1sh Tank Battalions , which were about toto-
support
t-ossup
to-
support
t-ossup
to-
support
t-ossupsupport the Canadian Corps eastesstest, of Arras , for thethe-
sole
ten-
sile
the-I
thei-
r
the-
sole
ten-
sileI Nq.NqN-
q.sole.
sole purposepurpose'observvftenkspurposeobservvftenks10f$//'observvftenks'observvftenksobservvftenksobservations' observobeervobserve 'anks1ienkBankhs in actionaotionabortion , supportingsupporting-
the
supporti-ng(5)5( ) AcotankCottaAcotank-
pContai-n,Acotan-kp40
the infantry.infantry. (5)5( ) This indeed was of great value toto-
the
t-ote
to-
the
t-ote
to-ppp4040
the inexperiencedinexperienoed American officeroffioer.offioerofficer.offioer.-
On
officer.-
On
offic-er
*.
On September 4th , all British Tank BattalionsBattalions-
were
Battali-onsjjJ.-
r.c.
were withdrawn from armies and placedplaoed in G.H.Q.GHQG.H.Q-
.reserves
G.H.Q-
.reserves
. . .
(6)6( ) Fuller , v reserves for refitting andend reorganizing.reorganizing . (6)6( ) And withwith-
thiswitt-
iest
with-
thiswitt-
iest
with-J.F.C.J.JJ.r.c.JrcJ.F.C.JFCRcFCCJ.r.c.-pJ.F.C.-p
. F.CFC. *.p 366266 ' this change , the 301st Tank Battalion found itself aa-
part(7)7( ) FullerFuller-pFulle-r
r/r/r-passp-
ass[/ part of the 4th British Tank Brigade , (7)7( ) , andend it waswas-
pwas-
info
assi-
gnor
was-
informed
as-
signorppass366266
informedinfo ed that itsitaKita first assignment would be to leadlead-
the
leat-
her
lead-
the
leat-
her
lead-
the
leat-
herthe 37th27tha th AmericanAmerioan Division of the II AmericanAmerioan CorpsOorpsOopsCorps-
in
Oorps-
in
Cor-ps
Ors-onin its assault&slaultslaultsault& on the HindenburgHindenberg line on September
3929 , 1918.19181&18.118.118& .
-3-3-2-2.2-.2-. 3-
On
2-
On
-
GENERAL PLAN FOR ACTIONACTICnArcticACTICNONATKINSON_ON SEPTEMBERSEPT MEERMEYER 292,?, 19181911918-
The
1918-
The
,. .
The II American Corps attached to thethe-
Map
he-
apthe-
Australian
te-
arstainthe-
Map
he-
apMap No 1 Australian Corps , was to resume the offensive in aa-
general
g-
eneral
a-
general
g-
eneral
a-
general
g-
eneralgeneral northeaster 4directiondirectiondirpct1on from their present frontfront-
line
front-
line
front-
lineline and it was to attack with both divisions abreast ,
the 30th Division on the right and the 27th DivisionDivision-
on
Divisio-
non the left.left. After breaking andend taking the HindenburgHindenbergHindenbur-
gline
Hindenb-ergline , the Corps was to push on to capture the firstfirst-
objectivefire-
stonefirst-
objectivefire-
stonefirst-
objectivefire-
stoneobjective which included NauroyNary and Gouy.GouyGouty. When thisthis-
objective
this-
objeotive
this-
objectiveobjectiveobjeotive was taken , the 3d endand 5th Australian divisionsdivisions-
were
divisi-onswere to pass through the 27th and 30th American DiviDivi-DivDivi-
sions
Divi-
sione
Div-
ision
Divi-
sions
¬-
sionssionescionssine , respectivelyrespeotively , and capture the second objective.objective.
(8)8( ) N.B.NB. . R.B.H.RBHR.S.H.RSHHRHROSH. . . (8)8( )
On the left of the II American Corps , was thethe-
X
he-
X
the-
IIIX/ ' III British Corps , which waswe.swes. to advance with the 27th27th-ii/i/i-(9)i-
91/1/"
'
(9)9( ) 4th ArmyArmy-p
Arm-y
American DivisionDiv1 sionscion as far as the canalCMslCams , (9)9( ) where thethe-p
th-e
the-
27thp 152
27th American DivisionDivi sionscion wouldwould. . be passedpe.8sedpe8sed. by the 3d3d-
Australian
3d-
Australian
3d-
AustralianAustralian Division.Division. After this the 27th DivisionDivision-
was
DivisionW-
BS
Divisi-onwasWBSBS to exploit to thetbetube left with one regiment (105th105th(105th-
Infantry
105th-
Infantry
(/
\/ Infantry ) to assist the III BriBrieBritishtishTrisha Corps in crossing(10)10( ) 4th ArmyArmy-
pArm-
yp 152 the canal.canaloanal.oanalanal. (10)10(10)-
Headquarters
10H-
eadquarters
(10)-
Headquarters
10H-
eadquarters
( )
. _ . . . . - _ . . . '
HeadquartersHe'aCSqHeaCSqRheas irterdirtier 4th BritishBritlBrit b TankT'ank' Brigade allottedallotted-
the
allott-edthe 301st30lst Tank Battalion to the 27th AmericanAmerica-
nDivision
America-
nization
America-
nDivision
America-
nization
America-
nDivision
America-
nizationDivision with orders to allot one jpla22DLplatoontpjmJjS! 15 tanks )
to eacheaohLeah battalion of the assaultasssult regiments and twotwo-I
tw-o
tw-
oj
tw-
o
two-
platoons
to-
matoes. ..--------I - - ---
j/I
platoonsplatooDS to the regiment detailed for flank offensive.offensive.
(11)11( ) TankTantTaintTant-ActionsTran-sactions
(11)11(11)-
p
11-p
(11)-Actions
11-Actions
( )
ActionsActions-pAction-sp 66-
I
6l-
.
6-
l
In compliance with these inetructionBinstructioDSinstructionsinstruction , thethe-
companies
the-
osophies
the-
companies
the-
osophies
the-
companies
the-
osophiescompanies were assigned as&ss& follows :
CompanyOOlfpanJOlympian AA--15A15A--l5l5--15 tanks to 108thlOath InfantryInfantrJInfant on thethe-
right
he-
ight
the-
right.
he-
ight
the-
right.
he-
ightrightright.*.
-3-3- 3-
Map
3-
GENERAL
-I
I
l.l.
'--
CompanyOompany BB--IOBIOB--1010- - 10 tanks , to 105th InfpntryInfantryInfInfo ntryentry forfor'-
fiaiTk
for-
fiaiTk
Fl-
oridafor-
27th
.. ..LL. _ . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . ' " .. .. . ' . .'. . . '
.
.q.qfIqqfI'fiaiTkfiaiTkfiatflankk"kexploitationxpto'1'tat1xpto1tat1n , 77 tanks to 4th British TejnkTenkTankTenTejn-
kBrigade
Tenk-
Briga
Emb-
arking
Tank-
BrigadeBrigadeBrigaRiga.ee. Reserve.ReserveReserve.-
Company
Res-erve
ReReserve.-
Company
Res-erve
serve.serveserve.-
Company
servi-
ceman
.
Company C0--15015C--15C--15 tanks , to 107thl07th Infantry on thethe-
left.
hel-
met(12)12( ) TankTank-ActionsTran-sactionsTank-Actions.Tran-sactions
left.left. (12)12(12)-
From
12F-
rom
(12)-
From
12F-
rom
(12)-Actions.
12-Actions
( )
ActionsActions.Actions-PActions.-pAction-s
.
P 66-
'U
6-
U
From the above instructions the platoons ofof-
Company
H-
offman
of-
Company
H-
offmanCompany A were allotted as follows ;:
3d2d PlatoonPIe.toonPIetoonPiton. on the right.rightright.-
3d
right-
3d
.
3d Platoon in the center.centercenter.-
1st
center-
1st
center.-
1st
center-
1st
center.-
1st
center-
1st
.
1st Platoon on the left.leftleft.-
The
lett-
erleft.-
The
lett-
erleft.-
The
lett-
er.
The 3d Platoon Company A , in this case , waswa-
sassigned
as-signed
wa-
sassigned
as-signed
wa-
sassigned
as-signedassigned to destroy all strong points , with the centercenter-
No
cent-erNo 3 tank to cover the approximate battalion boundaryboundar-
yline
bound-aryline , while tanks numbers 1 and 2 were to extend intointo-
the
inst-
ate
into-
the
inst-
ate
into-
the
inst-
atethe 2d Battalion sector , and tankstenkstens numbersnumbeISnumbest 4 and 5 toto-
extend
co-
extend
to-
extend
co-
extend
to-
extend
co-
extendextend in the 3d Battalion sector.sector. Although thisthis-
platoon
stip-
ulation
this-
platoon
stip-
ulation
this-
platoon
stip-
ulationplatoon, had separate objectivesobjob ectivesactives , it wasweeW S still thoroughthorough-thorough-
ly
¬-
ly understood that its primary mission waswes to assistassist-
the
assi-st
assist-
the
assi-st
assist-
the
assi-stthe infantry.infantry. All this preparationprepa.ration. waswe.swes. made on thethe-
assumption
the-
assumption
the-
assumption' assumption that the tank battalion commander had aa-
conference
c-
onference
a-
conferenoe
c-
onference
a-
conference
c-
onference. . .
1'1111.
..A- \ " .77 ao'-/ao'aoao'-
1
ao-
1
' / ,, , ( '
. , . .ss-ssss-
(13)
ss-
13
(" . .rr. --
j-j'UU/1-1'/ -. , /( *'. . . .
/ I conferenceconferenoe on this subject with the CommandingOommanding General ,
(13)13( ) N.N. B.BB-
.R
B-
.R.B.H.B-
.R.B.H.. 27th Division , (13)13( ) , but nothing wasw s accomplished.accomplished. TheThe-
'tfiThe-
tfiTh-
eftTh-
edivision
Te-
levision
Th-
edivision
Te-
levisionRR.B.H.RBHHRH. B . HH-
XX
H-
EX
. 'tfitfifib'
'division commanderoOllllllender had very little11 ttletitle ffa'faa% ' in tanks andand-
did
ban-
died
and-
did
ban-
died
and-
did
ban-
died.
,,, /'.'
\ did not oarecareoared to have them lead his troops due to thethe-
moral
tem-
poral
the-
moral
tem-
poral
the-
moral
tem-
poralXXlj./lj.lj.-v'lj-
v./
v'v,
' moral effect their getting blown up would have on hishis-
infantry
ins-
inuator
his-
infantry.
ins-
inuator
his-
infantry.
ins-
inuatorinfantryinfantry.*. Although nothing else was accomplishedaocomplished inin-
this
lit-
chis
in-
this
lit-
chis
in-
this
lit-
chisthis conferenceconferenoe at leastlea.tleatbleat. the division commanderoommander diddid-
concede
disc-
oncerted
did-
conoede
disc-
omposed
did-
concede
disc-
oncertedconcedeconoede to the idea that the tanktent officersoffioer.offioerofficer. be allowedallowed-
to
allowe-
dto get in touohtouchtooth with the infantry regimental andan-
dbattalion
ad-
aptationan-
dbattalion
ad-
aptation(14)14(14.14.( . ) TankTIAkTaukTinaAukTank-ActionsTran-sactionsTIAk-ActionsTa-xation
battalion commandersoommanders with whom they were to work,0l4)work0l4worko(14)worko14work,0l4)-
Tfhis
work0l4T-
fhis
workloworkflow,_, (14)14(14)-
Actions14-
Actions( )
ActionsActions-PAction-sP 9 .- Tfhis11111This was to taketate placeplaoe on September 26th28th , but thisthis-
4-4-4- 4-
Oompany
4-
Company
4-
flank
-
.I
' , " - ' '' ' .,,,. , . . . ... ,.. . , . > W'W', . .. . . . . , .. . " . .. . . , . .. . . Fa?'a8'-ool-'a8'a8oolcool' -' ' '- !y-) ''''': CKsifeie'CKsifeie- *-& b1&4141&4s14s&' s-rsr-s-s---tfte..t'tfte..t'tftetstfte..t'stftetattestsoftest- .-- .. . ' 1k"-&emJttft'7-1k"1k&emJttft'7emJttft71k"&emJttft'7and1kemJttft7and" '-& ) ! ' - ' andr-pta'bandrpta'bptabAndretaband-, - piM/wMwM-
wcommanders
+/ s."b.(1Oftsb.1Oftsb1Ofta-taata.'"- .(y < inNMNcinnamonwr... .. *+wIINwIN.. .. ' ,.JJ.II-. .-
Jcommanders
.-Ip
commanders , and battalion and company reconnaiseancereconnaissancereconnaiseance-
officers.reconnais-
sancereconnaissance-
officers.reconnais-
sancereconnaissance-
officers.reconnais-
sanceofficers.officers. The tank commander vhowhoho", ho was, to be the sharpsharp-
edge
har-ped//
/ edge in thethe support of the assault infantry , got onlyonly-
the
polyt-
hene
only-
I
onl-
y
only-
the
polyt-
henethe theoreticaltheoretioal knowledge of what to expectexpeot of eacheaohLeaheach-
other
peas-
hooterI
/, other , no time waswa.s. availableava.i1a.b1eavai1a.b1eavai1ab1e. . for any training withwith-
infantryw-
ithinw1with-
infantryw-
ithinth
,
/ infantry so that both the infantry and tanks couldcould-
feelco-
uldcould-
feelco-
uldcouldI-
rcoul-
dlIrl-I
l-
J
l-
I
I
IJ feel the respect and confidence in each other'sothersother's-
abilityothers-
abilityoth-
ersother's-
abilityothers-
abilityoth-
ersother's-
abilityothers-
abilityoth-
ers'
,I ability , which is so necessary for perfecterfect teamwork.teamworkteamwork.R-
ECONNAISSANCE
teamwork.R-
ECONNAISSANCE
.
RECONNAISSANCEECONNAISSANOERECONNAISSANCE-
One
ECONNAISSANOE-
One
Reconnaissa-nceOne of the mostmoet essential pre-requisiteiwasprerequisiteiwaspre-requiBiterequiBitepre-requisiteswasrequisiteswasrequisiterequisitesprerequisiteiwas-
omitted
prerequisiteswas-
omittedprerequi-
siteprerequis-
ites- waswas-
omitted
ass-
ociatedomitted in the preparation of tanks supportingsup ortingforting thethe-
infantry
te-
nantthe-
infantry
te-
nantthe-
infantry
te-
nantinfantry in this caseoe.se"oeseobese. ," that isie , the tank commanderscommanders-
were
command-
eerswere deprived of the opportunity to observe the groundground-
they
grou-
ndground-
they
grou-
ndground-
they
grou-
ndthey were to operate on in supporting the assaultassault-
units
assa-ult
assault-
units
assa-ult
..
\ ' unitsunit8 , thisth i B waswa.s. due to lack of transportationtrensportattransportion , and ,
if time was availableavailRb1e , whichwhioh was in this case , thethe-
tank
th-
etathe-
.tank
th-
etathe-
tank
th-
etatank.tank. commander stood ea.a&. chance to lose the informationinformation-
that
informat-ionthat the companyoompany , platoon and the reconnaissancereconnaissanoereconnaissanc-
eofficers
reconnais-sance
reconnaissano-
eoffioers
reconnais-sance
reconnaissanc-
eofficers
reconnais-sanceofficersoffioers had to offer.offer. This chance would not onlyonly-
WouldHolly-
woodonly-
Wouon-
lyonly-
wouldHolly-
woodWouldWoul-dcause
Out-caste
WouWouldwoul-dcause
wo-uld
IdI-dcause
M-
idcoursecause him to lose valuable information but/butbut4butrequirebureau/ requirerequirrequire-
a
requir-a
requir-e
requiredrequired-
a
require-da hike of somethingBomething like 3822 miles , 11 miles to thethe-
front
the-
reonthe-
front
the-
reonthe-
front
the-
reonfront line and 11 miles backbaokbook , so instead of thisthis-
valuable
this-
valuable
this-
valuablevaluable information , four substitutes were offered asas-
follows
as-
follows
as-
followsfollows , three maps to be taken into actionaotionabortion with him.himhim-
.These
hi-nters
him-
.These
hi-nters
him-
.These
hi-nters
.
These mapsmapemaple showed his route andnd objectiveobjeotive , all knownknown-
and
kno-wn
known-
and
kno-wn
known-
and
kno-wnand probable obstaclesobstacleeobstacle , suchsuohsough as sunkenBunken roads and widewid.widwide-
trenches
inde-
cencies
wid-
.trenohes
wide-
trenches
inde-
cencies
.trenchestrenohes ; the locationlooation of land marks to help him keepkeep-
oriented
keep-
oriented
keep-
orientedoriented ; and an abbreviated barrage table for hishis-
particular
dis-
articulate
his-
particular
dis-
articulate
his-
particular
dis-
articulateparticular area.area. In addition to these maps , eacheaohLeaheach-
tank
exa-
ctaeaoh-
tank
Neap-
olitan
each-
tank
exa-
ctatank commander carriedoarriedparried oblique airall'allphotographs-photographsall'photographsallphotographs' - ofof-
the
of-
ten(15)15( ) TankTank-ActionsTran-sactions
the area hebe was to cover.coveroo er.er. (15)15(15-)5
15-5
(15)-
Ao
15-Ao
(15)-
Actions15-
Actions( )
ActionsActions-pAction-sAot ion 88-
pp 6 to 8B6
-5-5.M5-.M5-..M5-
n.rr
M5-
nrr
5"-
UINW
5-
UINW
5.-
n.
5-
n
-.._ . . .... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .
.. ... .
. . , . Ir,,"., Iy..yrIyyrYr- .... ....".:. ' ' #. .,
V ' RI": wMI'MI,.. ,' "'':. '.. rln.rrnrrrr " r. wwlvr-wolvers-: ' r.rr.j+-jj.- [ .;.:. : . ,
r:+ . :v-"UINWUINW--.n..n.RUIN"-.. rrwrr l l.lr.r,;:.in.wn'inwninn" :' r'X'.2fwr3ae"TrX.2fwr3aeTrX2fwr3aeTAC*' ;.:'/ ; '.:MIMMM'.TIMIMMMTIA' ; ":' ;*;'"
-,'r; ';'; . .' . '';;;_MOA n.rnr:-ww-JSMV': : rw.r.rw..w.rwrrww'': JISSSM':= I.I v :; i"i" .rrrr w .r.r: : :: s. rsrr.MQ'rMQRRRAM"
.
', .
1fMISLiss r'r'1r1.
},:.1'I.1Iwp't"pt'.
' \ vivi-i
\
'. " ,
:" . f'x-L.f'xL.<
,; '';
-ii-;':- <'xJ.jLxJjL-
.:.
,'{t *.:
"
.,'r\rr-
W'
r-
W
,\. . . : . ''*..
.
'- <. ,
RoutRouteerRoutereareg-oego- totl1 the-thethe'thefrontthereon-', front-frontfrorfurorfrontlinewepefrontl'lnewerefrontllnewerefrontlinefront--l'ln-e-frontl'lnllneAllan+- - lin-e-wepelinewepeOlinwee' - - were'tweretwere-'t--'ttt-o-fee-tofee't'etofeetataffeta' tawere - -&-- 'e--'ee'et&p&detpdretyped' -- , t-&p&dt&p&dpd-& ad-by.--adby.adby.-
the
& -. by.by. -.. . -_ .. , . .
the company reconnaissance officer but the entireentire-
detailent-
ireentire-
detailent-
ireentire-
detailent-
iredetail was either killed or wounded by a shell whilewhile-
laying
whol-
esaling
while-
laying
whol-
esaling
while-
laying
whol-
esalinglaying the tape , so this route was not completed ,
the tanks being led to the "jump-off"jumpjumpoff" - line"line" by membersmembers-
of
membe-
rsof the reconnaissancereoonnaissance staff.staffstaff.A-
PPROACH
staff.A-
PPROAOH
staff.A-
PPROACH
.
APPROACHAPPROAOH MARCHMAROHMARCOMARC-
HThe
Mar-
chMARO-
HThe
Mar-got
MARC-
Hti
Marc-
h
The battalion was approximately eleven milesmiles-
from
Mi-les
miles-
from
Mi-les
miles-
from
Mi-lesfrom thethe-frontthefrontfront'front'- line at the time iti t received its ordersorders-
toorde-
rsto move forward and join the 27th Division.DivisionDivision.-
For
Divisi-on
.
For secrecysecreoysecretory , all movements were made under covercover-
of
cov-er
cover-
of
cov-er
cover-
of
cov-erof darkness ende.ndand. , on the night of September 37-38373827-282728- ,
,;,,v/xvx,,,)/'.> the tanks were moved to the vicinityvioinity of VillereVillersVilerFillersVillereF-
auoonVi-
lerVillers-
N
Filler-s"
1ti{ -_N--N-
--
-----__ '" [(FauoonrauoonFutonracoon , a distancedistanoe of 11,00011000, yards.yards. All tanks oo-
mpleted
co-
mpleted
comoom-oomcom-boomco-
mpleted
co-
mpleted
¬-pletedpleated the move on schedule and were camouflaged be-bebe-
(16)
b-
e16
be-
(16)
b-
e16
be-
(16)
b-
e16
-(16)16( ) TankTank-
ActioDSTran-sactions
fore daylight.daylight. (16)16( ) The tanks were given final ad-adad-
Actionsab-
ductionsad-
justment
ad-
Actionsab-
ductions-
ActionsActioDSActions-pActioDS-pAction-sp 9 justmentsjustmentjudgmentsdustmens at this Placeulaceolaceunlacesolace and were'ereerer'ererererare", ' completely filledfilled-
withfill-
edfilled-
withfill-
ed" 'w1w1'withth gas ,,; ', oil and grease and , in additionadd1 t1on , carriedc8Jrr1edcarried-
onehalfcar-
riedc8Jrr1e-
donehalf
carried-
onehalfcar-
riedone-halfonehalf- fill to be used just before reaching thethe-
start
tes-
tatethe-
start
tes-
tatethe-
start
tes-
tatestart lineline.line.r-
"'l'
line-
rl
lin-er
*.
r"'l'rl,."' '.. The distancestancedi of the approachapproaoh march from VillereVillersVilerFillersVillersA-
jY.Fille-
rs .'
_ . dvA\jY.AjY.AjY.FauconY.Y\ IFauconFauconFlaconauconancon to the start line waswes, about 8500 yards andMd waswas-
a
as-a
,..AAN-
N.1-.1.-
/NNNN/ a very different affair from that of the precedingpreceding-
night
preced-ing
preceding-
night.
preced-ing
preceding-
night.
preced-ingnightnight.*. The latter part of the route waswe.SweS. constantlyoonstantlyconstantly-
shelledconsta-
ntlyoonstantly-
shelledconsta-
ntlyconstantly-
shelledconsta-
ntlyshelled with high explosive and gas , which made itit-
very
li-
very
it-
very
li-
very
it-
very
li-
veryvery difficultdiffiovltdiffievlt for the drivers to handle their tankstank-se
tanks-e.s
tan-ks
tansi-ese.e.ses..$ peciar///peciarpeachierpeciarsvoe.excursivep e c-ccIII- IIIiarIII1//11l/ li/ / s//voe.svoe.s/NeeNeevocesvoe.-
inshoei-
ngI/ / Ce.CeCe-
.inCe-
tin.,
in the darkMiffl3dark ,, ....14181418. gasgaB masks had to be wornworn.worn-
.All
wo-
rnworn-
.All
wo-
rn*.
All five tanks reachedreaohed and actuallyaotually crossedcrossed-
the
cross-edthe start line at H-hour.Hhour.hourHhour.-
6
Hhour-
6
- .
-6-6- 6-
Rout
6-
Routeer
-
' . . . . . . ---... . . . . - .. -. . - . .-.- . .-. ' . . . . . .. . . . , . . . . " , . . . . ._ . - . - .
. , . . .. . " " " . . ,
AIR FORCEFOROEFOREFORCE-
The
For-ce
FORO-
EThe
Forso-
oth
FORCE-
The
For-ceThe 8th Squadron , Royal Air Force was assignedassigned-
toassigne-
dto the Tank Corps.Corps. Arrangements were made withwith-
thiswitt-
iestwith-
t11is
with-
thiswitt-
iestthist11is organization for noise DlpnesplanesLupinesl nesnebs to cover the lastlast-
stages
ass-uages
last-
stages
ass-uages
last-
stages
ass-uagesstages of the approach march and for contactconte.ctcontect. planes
(17)17( ) N.3.N3.N3N.B.NBN.N. B.B. R.B.H.RBHHRH. . . during the operation.operation. (17)17(17)-
WEATHER
17W-
EATHER
(17)-
WEATHER
17W-
EATHER
(17)-
WEATHER
17W-
EATHER
( )
WEATHER CONDITIONCONDITION-
On
CONDITIO-
Nv
Conditioni-
ng
CONDITI-
ON
CONDITIO-
Nv
CONDITI-
ON
On the morning of D-dayDday- , a slight mist hunghung-
in
huggi-
ngin all the valleys in the areasareA.S. of operations andendan-
ds
and-
(18)
an-
d18
end-
made
bed-
mate
and-
made
hand-
mademade visibility especially from a tank impossible ,' s(<,. '
, .
, however , this cleared by 7:00700: AM and for about anan-
hour
an-
chor
an-
hour
an-
chor
an-
hour
an-
chorv*v hour it remained fair.fairfair.-
The
fart-
her
fair.-
The
fart-
her
fair.-
The
fart-
her
.
The wind was very much in the platoon'splatoons' favorfavofavo-
in
favori-
ng
,
in thatthatlthat, , it carried the smoke (4040(4Qd4Qd( $% of the barrage )
toward the enemy , this lasted until about 8:008008 :; 00 AM.AMAll.AllAM-
.From
MAll-
.From
! .
From then until about 10:301030: AM the wind changed itsits-
course
dis-
course
its-
course
dis-
course
its-
course
dis-
coursecourse toward our troops , which made it as bad as thethe-
mist
th-eist
the-
mist
th-eist
the-
mist
th-eistmist in the valleys at H-hourHhour- end , due to thisittheistthis ;, it waswa-
simpossible
wa-
simpossible
wa-
simpossibleimpossible to see the infantry and cooperation waswa-
spractically
ast-
hmatically
wa-
spractioal1y(18)18( ) TankTank-ActionsTran-sactionsTank-AotionsStag-nation
practicallypractioal1y nil.nil. (18)18(18)G-
ROUND
18G-
ROUND
(18)G-
ROUND
18G-
ROUND
(18)-Actions
18-Actions
( )
ActionsAotionsAbortionsActions-PAotions-pAction-sAbortion-sP 11 GROUNDGROUN-
DGround
Gro-und
GROUN-
DGround
Gro-undGround conditionsoond1tioDS were excellentexoellent and offeredoffered-
no
offere-
dno serious difficultiesdiffioulties for tanks.tanks. Although thethe-
Hindenburg
He-
idelbergthe-
Hindenburg
He-
idelbergthe-
Hindenburg
He-
idelbergHindenburgHindenberg line waswas. . expected to be a8 serious obstacleobstaole ,.I./-.I.*. ./- .rr..r-tanks
re-
tainstanks numbersnumbers.numbers. andend.end. 't-'tt#'tcrossedtcrossedcrossed'' - crossed it withoutwi thouttout difficultydiffioulty ,
and ventured as far as8S the tunneled canal.canaloanal.oanalanal. The onlyonly-
difficultyonly-
diffioulty
only-
difficultydifficultydiffioulty encounteredenoountered was as follows : tank number 11-
developed
1-
developed
1-
developeddeveloped mechanicalmechanioal trouble , broken tracktrack*;' TanktTankTent'TentTank'3J,3*, wtsWeswetsWW-
numbel'SW-
numbelSN-
umbestWe-
snumbersRe-sumesnumber/fcnumberfcnumbers*numbel'SnumbelSumbelS'* f/ ;. ran on to a mine field andandltputand,1putand1putcandytuft, put out of action.actionaction.0-
Laction0-
Leaction.-
Tanksnumb
tion.tioniontion.-w.s
.0L tow.swsw.s-
TankJDumbe7JwsT-
ankJDumbe7J9393-
Tank.
TankTankJDumbe7JTanksnumbTanks* numbereraerawarrawer:* #/warwar/ waswalwail hit by an artillery shellahellhell andAputadaptandApu-
tout
ada-pt
and putput-
out(19)19( ) TankTank-ActionsTran-sactionsTank-Aotion.Stag-nationTank-ActionsTran-sactions
out of action.actionaotion.aotionabortion. (19)19( )
ActionsAotion.AotionAbortionActions-pAotion.-pAction-sAbortio-n
.p 16 (19)7
A..
-7-7- 7-
1
7-
7.
7-7-
.
. .. . . , ,.... . .. .. ' ' ' : : :: : ;, , . ;; . :F'F' :,,',; , ; :
._ -..;.. . ;......
_ ._----. ._.
'
.. .
. .. .
- ,' ' * ' ;.00; : '' ' ''''' ''' '' '.;' ";';:' ;*'17.7*;W;-;*?%
; *-P * ;:?:; ***wwoIwo* * *. '" ". *.w'jj* : ; : *:*.-;/ * > * : t;* * '* * a' - J
, r:
. Ji>: ::'-:. :. /;: " :<
.:
.
. " . _ w _ . . . . " .", . . . . . . ._ . ._ .. . ._ _ _ .
OPERATIONSOPERATIONS-
Map
Operatio-
nsOPERATION-
SBefore
Operat-ionsMapMe.pMepMp. No 1 Before the attack could take place it waswas-
considered
wa-
sconsidered
wa-
sconsideredconsidered essential that the high ground along-
the
elong-
ate
alongalong-
the
elong-
ate
along-
the
elong-
atethe general line Quennemontennemonttenement FarmFarm--Guillemont--TheFarmGuillemontTheGuillemotFarmGuillemontThe-
Knoll
--OuillemontGuillemot --TheThe-
Knoll
Ph-
enolKnoll be captured and the entire battle was plannedplanned-
on
plann-edon the premise that this line would be in our handshand-
sprior
hands-
pring
hands-
prio
hands-
pring(20)20( ) O'RyanORyanRyanO'Ryan-pORyan-pRya-nO'Ryan/O'RyanORyanRyanO'O' Ryan /,'
priorprior to D-day.Dday.day- . (30)30(2020( 20)20) This was the proposed line ofof-
departure
of-
departure
of-p
o-fp 351251
departure with the artillery start, line two hundredhundred-
yardshund-
redhundred-
yardshund-
redhundred-
yardshund-
redyards in front of it.-
Although
it.itit.-
Although
it.-
Although
.
Although the illIII British Corps made severalsevera-
lefforts
sev-eral
severa-
lefforts
sev-eral
severa-
lefforts
sev-eralefforts to capture this line and reach their objec-
tive
objecobjec-objectobjec-
tive
objec-
tive
¬-
tivetie , they were unable to hold this ground in face-
of
fac-
efaceface-
of
fac-
eface-
of
fac-
eof the counterattacks that followed eacheaohLeah of theirtheir-
efforts.
ther-
efore/(31)31(21)21( ) O'Ryan-pORyan-pRya-nO'RyanORyanQ'RyanQRyan'RyanRyanO ' efforts.efforts. (31)31(21)21(31)-
This
31-This
((21)-p
21-p
)
p 35325225-
2tv
This line when taken over by the 37th27th AmericanAmerioanAmerica-
nDivision
America-
nization
Amerioa-
nDivision
America-
nization
America-
nDivision
America-
nizationDivision , varied in depth from the line of departuredeparture-
proposed
depa-rture
departure-
proposed
depa-rture
departure-
proposed
depa-rtureproposed for the attackattaok on September 39th.39th29th.29th. ThisThis-
depth
Hid-
eoutThis-
depth
Hid-
eoutThis-
depth
Hid-
eoutdepth consisted from four hundred yards at 30th30th-
Division
30th-
Division
30th-
DivisionDivision boundary line to one thousand yards at thethe-
III
the-
III
the-
IIIIII BritishBr1 t1sh Corps boundarybounde.rybounderybounder. line (33)33(22)22( ) andend , due to thethe-
n
the-
faot
tea-
potthe-
fact
thr-
eatn , )) factfaotfagot that the areaareeagree between the proposed line ofof-
departure
of-
departure2*tv(, departure and the linel1ne held by the 37th27th DivisionDivisio-
nIttDivis-
ionDivision-
was
Divisi-onItt7 * l s was the desired ground and held by the enemy , thethe-
P01the-
loathh-
elotthe-
106thP01fr(// 106thloath Infantry assisted by twelve tanks from the 4th4th-
British
4th-
British
4th-
BritishBritish Tank Battalion , was ordered to captureoapture it.-
Although
itit.itit.-
Although
*.
Although this regiment made a very determined attackattaokattack-
on
attaok-
on
attac-
kattacki-
ngon September 37th27th and , while emailsmall parties reachedreaohedreached-
their
reac-hed
reaohe-
dtheir
reac-hed
reache-
dtheir
reac-hedtheir objectiveobjeotive , their efforts fared little betterbetter-
than
enter-
tain
better-
than
enter-
tain....
- ... r-JrJrJ-
I
r-
I
or"or-"" < than those of the III British CorpsOorpsOops before them andand-
the
ant-
hem
and-
the
ant-
hem
and-
the
ant-
hemJ,)i'i' the front line remained practicallypraotioallyrationally aea.aas. before , if notnot-
worse.
out-
wore
not-
wor.l.
m-
otor
not-
I
no-
t
(23)23( a23)233)3) O'OO'RyanORyanRyanO'Ryan-pORyan-pRya-n0 '
283By anan-pass
ca-mass
V'VI/II/I/I-(23)I-
23I-
3)I-
3 /'worse.worsewor.l.worlwhorl. . (23)23(23)-
P
23-P
( )
ppass283 (23)8-8-8- 8-
I
-I
i,.
I
\
., . .. . . . . . _ . . _ _ _ __ _' _ _ . - . .... .. .
".. ; . . . .
.
.. .. . .... . ; -; ;::::.::.;.;:. . , .
. ' , ' : ' '' ' '' ' ' ' '' M - 'MM' '; ::;- ; :; : ; : :: ; 'rr' :":.
, . , ." '. .
- ' :,
7 '.ww ': ; ;' ; ' l'l j ; jJXfC ;;- '
. :.;;.-..;;:; : '
':; ; '1,;:; 7.7 ' :;; ' :- ;; ;;;: : = ; ' '' f.jfifjfiFiji. t-tt-
w
,'-' :
The situationtuationtuitionai on thet ? .1q.1q.1q.108th.1q.t1qt
.
t. .Infantry1Infantry'Infantry? fBA.fBAfA. Y ' .
s..fronjsfronjsfrontsaffronfront. ., ._ ;fron.t.frontfron.t.-
was
frontw-
ard
, .: ;.,
was similar to that of its sister'ssisters' regimentalregimental-
front
regime-ntalfront on its leftleftlleft, but with better possibilitiespossibil1tiesopossibilities,0Topossibilities0Topossibilities,0To-
reach
possibilities0Tor-
each
_, ToTo-I
Ton-
i
"? ©
itit-reach
U-
trechtI (
reach the proposed line of departure at H-hourMpro-HhourMprohornpoutHhourMprow-rsfvecessffNyrAtff
H-hourlHhourlH-hourhourhourly- pro-proproL-proLprowlpro-w
proL-
WJS
pro-wls
-*-WJSwrsfvecessffNyrAtffw s NecNeckNe esiBessiees d.ydy. yrhmyrrhthethe-
tadth-
etatt-
1nyy-
willingw-
illingwilling1n<< feadtadfad this regiment carriedcarre4dcarr out orders to startstar-tf
star-tlr
startC-trs
sta-rtstart-
lestart-
ersCtrsCRTsCtr-sits
Tr-aits
/ffl-rlrlr-itsla-
riats/ -
>55-
itsits assault at H minus one hour and work teefcrtee' k way upup-
to
upto-
wn
up-
to
upto-
wn
up-
to
upto-
wnto the designated line of departure.departure. As someBorne resistresist-resista-
nce
resista-
nceresiresin st-stst-
anoe
st-
ance
¬-
anceanoeVanceanode was expected the tanks were to cross the presentpresent-
front
reent-rant
present-
front
reent-rant
present-
front
reent-rantfront line at H minus one hour and assista.asistaasistFascist. the infantryinfe.ntryinfentry.
(24)24( ) H.B.HBN.B.NB. . R.B.H.RBHR.E.H.REHHRHEHR.R. B . H.H. in reaching the start line.line. (24)24(24)T-
ANKS
24T-
ANKS
(24)T-
ANKS
24T-
ANKS
(24)T-
ANKS
24T-
ANKS
( )
TANKSTANK-
SThe
Tan-
ksTANK-
SThe
Tan-
ksTANK-
SThe
Tan-
ksThe platoon commander 3d Platoon Company A 301st30lst301st-
Tank
30lst-
Tank
301st-
TankTank BattalionBa.tte.lionBattelion. . established contactconts.atcontsatconstant. withwi th the unitunitc-
ommanders
unitc-
ommanders
unitc-
ommanderscommanders with whichwhicb his platoon was to operate andand-
informed
ant-
inomies
and-
informed
ant-
inomies
and-
informed
ant-
inomiesinformed them that the platoonple.toonpletoon. waswa.ewaewade. ready to supportsupport-
the
supp-ortthe advance of their unitsunitaunit at H-minusHminus- one hour , in-
order
un-
ordered
inin-
order
un-
ordered
in-
orde
ig-
noreorderorderordehorde , to reach the designated line of departure and-
that
can-
tata
andand-
that
can-
tata
and-
that
can-
tatathat the platoon waswe.ewee. practically deployed.deployed. This waswas-
in
wash-
ing
was-
in
wash-
ing
was-
in
wash-
ingin accordanceaccordanoe with instructionsinstruotions he receivedreoeived from hishisc-
ompany
Chi-
romancy
hisc-
ompany
Chi-
romancy
hisc-
ompany
Chi-
romancycompany commandercommender and communicatedoommunicated this to his tanktenkten(25)25( ) N.B.R.B.H.NBRBHBARB. . . . . commandersoommanders on the night of September 28th.28th. (25)25(25)-
In
25-
In
( )
In return for his efforts in easing this regiment1sregiment'sregimentsregiment1s-
problem
regiment's-
problem
regimentsp-
roblem
regim-ents
regiment's-
problem
regimentsp-
roblem
regim-ents
'
problem he was informed that the 108thlOath Infantry would
(26)26( ) TankTenkTenTenk-AotionsTem-ptations
not start from its present position until H-hour.Hhour.hour- . (26)26(26)-
Actions26-
Actions(26)-
With
26-
With
(26)-
Actions26-
Actions( )
ActionsAotionsAbortionsActions-pAotions-pAction-sAbortion-sp 10 With this in mind the platoon commanderoommander had toto-
select
R-
oselle
to-
seleot
R-
oselle
to-
select
R-
oselleselectseleot the best plan to assist the infantry and stillstill-
be
still-
edbe within bounds of carryingoarryingparrying out his orders.ordersorders.-
To
orde-rs
.
To this platoon commanderoommander , only three plans werewere-
possible.
were-
possible.
were-
possible.possible.possible.
First : To start as originally planned andand-
let
can-
dle
and-
let
can-
dle
and-
let
can-
dlelet the infantry catchoatohoath up after thethe-had
thr-ead
the-had
thr-ead
the-had
thr-eadhadhad-
platoonad-
ulationhad-
platoonad-
ulationhad-
platoonad-
ulationplatoon tanks fS3F91BBYv past'Past' the designateddesignated-
I
designated-
9
designate-
d
. .----:
I2f
4
1\1-
w
!
I
! -9-9- -III
I
\.
a.uau-:.-;:::.:,:..;,.:..r.r:. .:..:...
,.,;.;,.::. .
. . ..... . -.. .. ;.L.L.=- :
..;. -..;..: . .-.-:'
. . ::.. ;. .
.wi-:; ;;.:,:.rte_w-:: ;..::. w.-w..www-www:.:..:. :: ..w..1.1.1.
+.+
....
. ...... .....
.;... .,
.
.:,
.:.ww.. . :.,'.:...,.- :. .r,.w.w' '.. Mwr.MwrMrL.w..r..r..n.;;. :... . . .
.'.;.;-.4.4- "
:..:.;..\.,.'..;. ' ....;.:..:.:...:....r..r.rr.
.wr.r.wrrrr. . . :.- V;.,..;..;; ...MM.-:::-.::.+,..+;;;.:.;.;..r..rrr...:.;.;=..: . ';=-C-' "::' :;XZX-XXZXXXYZ"'
-='-
-':.
" ':'l*
:;k::. _'. - CJ-:t':.'.aMJaMJaM. J
.
-AA- MMMhMMi1/* ,
sr
* ii
-MhMh-
. .
*K
*
'&V/&VV&V-
The
V-
The
T-
he
&.r.YirYiri. *.
:. ,S'* M.-VM.VM.VIMV
/'
.-*
'
*
*/II*:/*,
(
'..YL*
!> . *
.
*r . . . .. . . , . .' , .
line of departuredepar"tulte'departultedeparture'," ',;, butbut.but'.' .' thisth1thithin "would"would"would's"Would-s"WouldsWoulds"Would-
leave
sWould-
leaveswol-
len""would-
"leave
would-
leave
wo-uld
" "-'" ' "
leave a gap approximately from fourfour-
hundred
fore-
handed
four-
hundred
fore-
handed
four-
hundred
fore-
handedhundred to six hundred yards betweenbetween-
the
betwe-enthe tanks and infantry.infantryinfantry.-
SecondToinfa-ntryinfantry.-
SecondToinfa-ntryinfantry.-
Secondinfa-
ntry.
SecondToSecondSecond : To start from the present infantryinfantry-
lineinfan-
tryline andend causeceuse all the damage to thethe-
enemy
He-
nleythe-
enemy
He-
nleythe-
enemy
He-
nleyenemy and , ease the infantry'sinfantrysinfantry' progressprogress-
to
progres-
soto the line of departure and join thethe-
infantry
te-
nantthe-
infantry
te-
nantthe-
infantry
te-
nantinfantry there , although the platoonplatoon-
stood
plato-ons
platoon-
stood
plato-ons
platoon-
stood
plato-onsstood a chance of losing part of thethe-
barrage.
he-
arable
the-
barrage.
he-
arable
the-
barrage.
he-
arablebarrage.barragebarrage.-
Thirdbarr-
agebarrage.-
Thirdbarr-
agebarrage.-
Thirdbarr-
age, , .
Third : To disregard his orders and join thethe-
infantry
te-
nantthe-
infantry
te-
nantthe-
infantry
te-
nantinfantry in their present positionposition-
and
position-
edand start approximately six hundredhundred-
to
hundred-
thto eight hundred yards in rear of thethe-
protective
the-
rmostatic
the-
protective
the-
rmostatic
the-
protective
the-
rmostaticprotective barrage.barragebarrage.-
In
barra-ge
.
In his decision he chose the second plan , thisthis-
was
th-is
this-
was
th-is
this-
was
th-iswas mostly due to the heavy mist present and poorpoo-
rvisibility.
poo-
rvisibility.
poo-
rvisibility.visibility.visibility. With this in mind he informed his tanktank-
commanders
anc-
hormantank-
commanders
anc-
hormantank-
commanders
anc-
hormancommanders of the new plan that wasWssWasps, to be carried out.outout-
.Although
out-
.Although
out-
.Although
.
Although the best of intentions and efforts were exertedexerted-
by
exert-edby eacheaohLeah tank creworewore to make contactcontaot with the infantry andand-
at
anda-
nte
and-
at
anda-
nte
and-
at
anda-
nteat the same time clearingolearingblearing wire entanglements , destroyingdestroying-
machinegundestr-
oyingdestroying-
maohinegundestr-
oyingdestroying-
machinegundestr-
oyingmachine-gunmachinegunmaohine-gunmaohine- nest-JnestJnestsnest -{ the platoon fared very poorly.poorly. TankTankXTanksTank-
vTan-
k
TankX-IN
Tanks-Ce
Tanki-ng
Tan-ks
*/vvIN/ ee/veevCee N-teNteN/ - 'ewew'ew-
numbetlew-
numbetlen-
cumber'ee-
numbere-
ncumber,..
numbernumbenumbednumbetlnumbest* 1l aaGBeiNFeineiN-srein-ss! the *.3'ghgh' developed mechanicalmeohanioal trouble.troubletrouble-.J
trouble.'-N
troubl-e
.J3 \N-CONCONt'oNtoInto'NN\'+ NC-
OTanfcfnumbetfNt'o-
TeNto-
TeTo-
Te- 'OO-
Tank'lnumbe1Sf'O-
Tanklnumbe1SfTanfcfnumbetfTank'lnumbe1Sf'-Tank'lnumbe1Sf'Tanklnumbe1SfTank'lnumbe1Sf'inTanklnumbe1SfinTe th' numbeanumbed '*- in clearingolearingblearing wire entanglements ran Ja2af* t"tete#"t-
ea
te-
a
" o*o-
a*,
a mine field andend was destroyed.destroyed. TankTenkTen number <&* on thethe-MgAf
th-em
the-w
thre-w
..tt.MgA-fMgAfGAMgA-fSBGa-ffsw ,+ fj b..rbrh -.. 'SB*b..rgotgot into line of directd1reot artillery fire and waswas-
Vwas-
Jwas-
ywa-
swash-
yVy s-sJ-JJ-
destroyed.D-
estroyeds-
destroyedd-
estroyed< s-
destroyed.d-
estroyed-
destroyed.destroyed.* Tanks numbersnumbers"numbers#" andend #, were more successfulBuooessfulBucketsful ,
in that they passedpalled the HindenburgH1ndenburgHindenberg line and reachedreaohed thethe-
tunneltoanalthe-
tunnel
thre-
atened
the-ed
he-edtunneltoanaltunneltunneltunnel'ede-
dtunnel'e-
dtunneld-
etune' analcanal but were of little assistanceassistanoe to the infantryinfsntryinfantry-
that
infan-try
infsntry-
that
infan-try
infantry-
that
infan-trythat faxfar forwardforward.*.
-10-10- 10-
line
10-
line
-
, . .: , . " .-. ". .-,. .-.. ..' ."_ .-- . .,-.. . . .. ."MM". . -.-,.,-. . ', ... . . . . , . ' TheThe"" report-of-reportofreportoftrherepertoirerereporepot rtt.rttratty . -. . rf . . -...t-he--tan1r..OO1mthetan1r.OO1m.thetan1r..OO1mtan1rOO1m.trhethet-3rs:- >-tan3t'-cmffiii8iidfetan3t'tan3tcmffiii8iidfe: ', *. -. ' ianciVinci:rtdtd <r8.rsrs.
"ww.w'II".' efffe"fee'unanfmoiis"eunanfmoiisunanimous"' urianduriani i fmmoumoue 'S.-'S.S'S-
.in
S-
in
ss-
in
' ". .-. ". '. . ., . .
in stressing the difficulty of vision on thiethisthief occasion.occasionoccasion.-
The
occasi-on
.
The dense smoke made it impossible to orient themselves ;
gunners could not use their guns effectively becausebecaus-etargets
bec-ause
becaus-etargets
bec-ause
becaus-etargets
bec-ausetargets beyond fifty to one hundred yards could not bebe-
seen
be-
seem
be-
seen.
be-
seem
be-
seen.
be-
seemseenseen.*.
ANTI-TANKANTITANK- DEFENSESDEFENSES-
The
Defens-esThe GermansGermanGermane werewel"ewelewelled" well prepared for the advancea6.vanoea6vanoeadvance-
of
a6.vanoe-
of
a6vanoe-
ofadvan-
ce
.
of tanks over this area.areaarea.-
In
rega-
in
area.-
In
rega-
in
area.-
In
rega-
in
.
In order of their effectiveness we met the followfollow-follow-
ing
follow-
ing
follow-
ing
¬-
ingKing :
( a ) Field and anti-tankantitankanti-tenktenkten- guns-
.Firing
uns-
miling
gunsguns.guns-
.Firing
uns-
miling
*.
Firing with directdireot laying over openopen-
sighte
pen-
lightopen-
eights
pen-
lights
open-
sights
pen-
lightssighteeightssightssighted at Tank Targets.TargetsTs.rgete.TsrgeteTargeted. . These guns exacted one tanktank-
from
ta-nk
tank-
from
ta-nk
tank-
from
ta-nkfrom the platoonplatoon.platoon.-
b
platoo-n
*.
( b ) Tank minesmines.mines-
.Although
mines-
.Although
*.
Although planted by the British prior toto-
their
to-
othier
to-
their
to-
othier
to-
their
to-
othiertheir withdrawal in the spring of 1918 , they were wellwell-
preserved
well-
preserved
well-
preservedpreserved by the enemy , two of these mines exactedexaotedexacted-
one
exaoted-
one
exact-edone tanktenkten from the platoonplatoon.platoon.-
c
platoo-n
*.
( c ) Ant-i-tankA-ntita-nkAnti-tankAntitank- riflesrifles.rifles.N-
umbersrif-
flesrifles.N-
umbersrif-
fles*.
Numbers of these were found on thethe-
battlefieldh-
eartleafthe-
battlefieldh-
eartleafthe-
battlefieldh-
eartleafbattlefield and they had no difficultydiffioulty in penetratingpenetrating-
the
penetrati-ngthe tanks.tanks. However , the German soldiers had no desiredesire-
to
desir-
eto fire them due to their heavy recoil.recoil. No casualtiesoasualtiescasualties-
were
oasualties-
were
casualt-ieswere causedoausedpaused by these rifles to the platoonplatoon.platoon.C-
ASUALTIES
platoon.C-
ASUALT
plat-oon
*.
CASUALTIESCASUALTI-
ESCasualties
Casu-alties
CASUALTI-
EScasualties
Casu-alties
CASUALTCASUAL I EsEs-
Casualties
E-
scalatesCasualties in thiethisthief operation were very heavyheavy/heavy-
both
hea-vy
,/
both In1n personnelperlonnel and tanks ofo f this platoonplatooD , are aeasae-
follows
ae-
rologist
as-
follows
&88-
followsfollows :TiN
.JpJ-
pOffioersP-
rofilers.ss. , x tvyy-
OfficersO-
fficerspfe.fe,...terfterftear.. .terf-
Officerster-
rifiesC.eCeC.-
erortyC-
ero!.. (
OfficersOffioersOffioers-
Enlisted
Fortyrorty per centcent-
Enlisted
cont-
emplated
cen-
tThirtyfive
cent-
Enlisted
cont-
emplatedEnlisted men Thirty-fiveThirtyfive- per cent.centoent.oentontcent.-
11
cent-
11
oent.-
11
oent-
11
cent.-
11
cent-
11
.
-11-11- 11"-
M
11-
M
11-
The
-
' " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' "
. . . . . .. , - - . .. . - ' . . . , . . . " - . . . . . . . . . " "
.. .. . - . . . . .. . , . . .. .I.I ' t.t 'Of0 f the, fiv/e-fivefivefivetafiestaf ,1.v/t1.vt,1.v1vt, .
.
// ) -. tatMkk* . . .ll.in-tlie.intlie.lie1'1.11.11'''-_ . t.hethe. . .platoon.pl.e..t.o.c.n.JpletocnJLepton. .. . . . *. Awot.WQ.tWQAWOLTRW.. . 4QAched.,. .;rj&arjarar'AQhrAQhrAh'!&: hedheed
._ .thethe-
Hindenburg
H-eidelberg
the-
Hindenburg
H-eidelberg
. . . . . '" . - 'nn'-
nHindenburgn-
HindenburgH-
indenberg'
HindenburgHindenberg line , one developed mechanical troubletrouble-
after
trouble-
maker
trouble-
after
trouble-
maker
trouble-
after
trouble-
makerafter crossing the line of departure.departuredeparture.-
One
departu-
re.
One received a direct hit from the artillery.artilleryartillery.-
One
artille-ry
.
One was blown up by a British mine field ofof-
which
ko-
whai
of-
which
ko-
whai
of-
which
ko-
whaiwhich no information had been rivengivendriven( to the platoon.platoonplatoon.R-
ESULTS
plat-
oonplatoon.R-
ESULT
plat-oon
platoon.R-
ESULTS
plat-
oon.
RESULTSRESULTRESULTS-
On
Resul-ts
SS-
OnOn the right of the 108thlOath Infentry'sInfentrysInfantry'sInfantrysInfantry' zone ofof-
attack
fa-
tback
of-
attack
fa-
tback
of-
attack
fa-
tbackII-
Iattack the line had been carried forward by thethe-
success
th-ence
I ....\.
01 1111-
l
success of the 30th American Division.Division. It then benlbenenlben-
lsharply
en-
snarl. '
. '. ... '
.
../
... . /'- /, ' sharply backward tot o the left throughbroughbroughtt the 108thlOath108t-
hInfantry's
108t-
hInfantrys
lOath-
been
loa-
the
+i4i4-
13
:/ \- \.0/00(2-7)02-7
. , '/''" Infantry'sInfantrysInfantry' zone where it rested on what was to havehave-
been
ha-ve
, .
WW-
Of
O-
f
'\J-
I
J-
.J
(27)27( ) 4th4tb ArmyArmy-p
Arm-y
been the line of departure that morning.morning. (27)27(27)-
Both
27-Both
(27)-
Both
27-Both
(27)-p
27-p
( ) \\JJ\p 167 I
.JJ..-
Jsharply
Both from the tank and the infantry point ofof-
view
m-
ovie
of-
view
m-
ovie
of-
view
m-
ovieview the attack , coordinationcoordinetion, and , cooperationcoopera.tion. waswas-
a
as-aa failure.failure.
COMMENTS AND CRITICISMSCRITICISSCRITICISM-
SIt
CRITICISS-
ItCriticis-
ms
!!
It is obvious that certain principles werewere-
violated.
dere-
gulatedwere-
violated.
dere-
gulatedwere-
violated.
dere-
gulatedviolated.violated. The principle of simplicity was violatedviolated-
by
violate-
dby the 4th Army commander , by designating a proposedproposed-
line
propo-sedline of departure , which was in the midstmidetmidget of thethe-
enemy's
the-
enemys
ath-
enaeums
the-
enemy's
the-
enemys
ath-
enaeums
the-
enemy's
the-
enemys
ath-
enaeumsenemy'senemysenemy' strong hold and required a major operation toto-
capture
to-
ccatato-
capture
to-
ccatato-
capture
to-
ccatacapture the position.positionpoeit1on.spoeit1ons. aaedbaaed&BJ,, aftggaft Several.everaleveral. attemptsattempts-
failedatte-
mptsattempts-
failedatte-
mptsattempt-
sp
attemp-
ts"
/, .. failed to hold it , as a result two start lines werewere-
used
per-
used
were-
used
per-
used
were-
used
per-
used', 'V'V'V-
'VV-
V' >p'
used for the infantryinfantrYJ, but still placing all of hishiehidehis-b
hie-b
hi-s
her-b
his-ba
Chi-baV bbaJ KK.KKwar9ewar9-
eart'". arIf} ee-
artillerya-
rtillerye-
artillerya-
rtilleryartilleryart , lleryAtwoleerytwo hundredundred yardsyardeyarded in front of hiehishide imaginaryimaginary-
line
imagin-aryline of departure.departuredeparture.-
The
departu-re
.
The result of this was that the infantryinfantry-
followedinfa-
ntryinfantry-
followedinfa-
ntryinfantry-
followedinfa-
ntryfollowed its protective barrage from four hundred toto-
one
to-
neto-
one
to-
neto-
one
to-
neone thousandthoUSthUS Dd yards.yardsyards.-
The
yar-
dsyards.-
The
yar-
dsyards.-
The
yar-
ds.
The principleprinoiple of cooperation was violated inin-
that
in-
tact
in-
that
in-
tact
in-
that
in-
tactthat the infantry failed to take advantage in startingstarting-
13
starting-
12-13-13-12-12-13-
srvtttnmTOBKrasiBfiK
13-
wI"
13-
wI
--"
,[
. . . ..... .-... ... .
.
,
,"-wI"wI"wI- /ll/ l" " , ' ' w'' 'w- ' , ' -I.-tIN..I.tI.- .. ... . "'- ... ..... !. .. . . . '
'VI'VI' ' , _1.. . , .
MMOMMON'U'U' ' srvtttnmTOBKrasiBfiK"LL"!1"'I1I; ""' /°. ' .w.w!..t.tr.ttrtri. . . :r
,; A/w.Aw.. /
. ..,i.i.."XIGXI :''' ''-... '.MM-. - " ... .
..
,
... ... . .,. ... , .. .. . l ' '" J t "W* *.yy' *, 1M.K1MKu.uilr MM>. w 1j 14VG'QGQ" ''' O '. ..,. .. ... . .
gtfjCTMBsayv 4 4$ It1'kjuga&apK2"-Qjuga&apK2"jugaapK2Q& !!!%! 1ir w"v -
.
<" II. ' :.wMlwMlMl,44 "- "sAOWNsOWN- .......... .. . - .... ........-.A..A.- ",*. '. (. i'* . <,HVVffttHXf&HVVffttHXf//t.t.// ._ , &*GiWt11rMGiWt11rM.A-. GiWt11rM-
A _. .
_
. . . . , . . . . . ' " . . , . , . .
thelttheirEthelthetheir-
supportth-eirs
1 t attMatt8.8. tteiOk-'s''LtteiOk's''LsLteakscksack: - ' a1'' . ...fr-fr}minwr-oae--iwminwroaeiwfrminwroaeiwt..mlrn2.lt-efte'--t3-Utmlrn2.lteftet3Ut..mlrn2.lttmlrn2ltefte'eftet3UminerSoavedefter-.. < . - '-- -- : - . . 4! -.Ql'Qe.r..Ql'Qe.r.QlQerLiqueur. ' . . . . . . .' y-y.rry4.r.Ql'Qe.r.rQlQerruler- * - ar w&w-to-JawceJJifiL.toJawceJJifiL.w&toJawceJJifiL.wtoJawceJJifiL.t.a-Jl.ex.e..t.he..t.aJl.ex.e..t.he.& -. -- : . . ... . ....- .- _ . . . . .. . - . _ . .
support ofo f the tanks and the cover ofo f its protectiveprotective-
barrage.
protec-tive
protective-
barrage.
protec-tive
protective-
barrage.
protec-tivebarrage.barrage.
wewerewere-Orders
wher-efores
" e-
Ordersr-
eorders<ee-
Ordersr-
eordersOrders for the attack VEEBwasVERB received days in adad-
vance
ad-adad-
vance
ad-
vance
¬-vance , before any information could be obtained fromfrom-
the
frot-
hed
from-
the
frot-
hed1* ' the infantry I, with whom the platoon waswes, to work , hencehence-
no
hen-ceno time was available to coordinate , ande d time forfor-
training
fore-
ordaining
for-
training
fore-
ordaining
for-
training
fore-
ordainingtraining with the unit to be supported was lost.lostlost.-
Through
lost.-
Through
lost.-
Through
.
Through t&tt& sad experience , the enemy by thisthis-
time
thir-
stier
this-
time
thir-
stier
this-
time
thir-
stiertime learned thattha.t. tpnkstankspinks could be used only overover2-
L0N2L0N2L0-Nfavorable
2::z.z.. 0oNeoN-efavorable
ine-ffaceable
N e.ee-
.favorablee-
ffaceable.
favorable ground , such as the 27th DivisionDivision-f
Divisio-n
affetBTaffecttOTtOT-
'ttO-
Tt
tO-t-, fjuecsvjejussive'ttf' II 18, QCaseCase-
presented. Ca-useriesIfIfJe.Life\Je.Je.\Je-
.presente,.
presentedpresentepresented.., andad, 1nin . KfckafeKafka they were well prepared toto-
defend
co-
defendant
to-
defend
co-
defendant
to-
defend
co-
defendantdefend against tanks.tanks. Surprise , in this case , waswas-
iwa-
swas-
Tt7
was-
only
wan-
tonlyi-ii-onlyo-
nlyT-t7Tt7Tt-
7only-- *
only relative , not only duedueteduet"fefeefefee-tetefee"- favorable ground , butbut-
toe
bu-
ttebut-
to
butt-
on which lasted for 484-8TJS
48-
hours
-toetoe-- to the prolonged bombardmentbombaxdmentT-/J/STJSTJS-
hoursJos-
hers "-/'lISlISleis'lI-Shours
lIS-hours
la-shers
' /
hours prior to the assault on September 29th2Stho.Ll2SthoLl28thh. iBfcif in-inine-
rvinne-
rve
in-N
inC-
YN
in-
c-
erv/NNCYNdervCYer-vformed
pe-rformed
CY-
NformedC-
ensored(/N-
formedI-
nformedformed the enemy that tirethetyretyro attack wasWB.SWBSBS. eminent , but thethe-
intensityte-
nensthe-
intensityte-
nensthe-
intensityte-
nensintensity and duration of the bombardment was such asas-
to
As-
ton
as-
to
As-
ton
as-
to
As-
tonto give the enemy little indicationindioation of the hour ofof-
attack
fa-
tback
of-
attaok.
c-
oattail
of-
attack.
fa-
tbackattackattaok.attaokattack.attaok.-I
attac-k
,.,ftI
LESSONSLESSONS-
The
Lesso-nsThe lessonsle.eonsleeonsLeon. learned by all officers and tanktank-
Stank'-
tstank-
tstank-
WS'tstsWS*' S f//OW3fOW3tlIow:5tlIow5fOW3-crews
tlIow:-5cews
tlIow5-cews
to*, 110W3110W-
3crews/ / :
crewscewschews% of this platoon werewere-
a
wer-
e
' .ee. :
( a ) Tanks andend Infantry must train togethertogether-
priortoget-
hertogether-
priortoget-
hertogether-
priortoget-
herprior to any operation in which they are to cooperateoooperate ,
to secureaeoureseoureadore the beetbeltbest results and instill confidenceoonfidenoe inin-
each
in-
exact
in-
each
in-
exact
in-
each
in-
exacteach other'sothers' ability.abilityability.-
b
abilit-y
.
( b ) ConstantOonstant contactcontaot between tanks andend infantryinfantry-
must
infan-trymust be maintained.maintained. This is the responsibility ofof-
the
of-
ten
of-
the
of-
ten
of-
the
of-
tenthe tanks.tanks. In order to assist the infantry , tankstanks-
13-13-13- 13B-
JT
13.l-
1.
13-
l1
13-
Z
-
':.::::Z'BJTBTU* . .
. .-; ; <
";-:."" 5JB&---5JB&5JB. ,
&*'vrrr:-- -";
: ;" ;Jfc.l1.l1.l1JCL.
.riTITiriiU''t'riTITiriiUt..*' 7!r
!
+
?rw-;:
.
'UtmsiMUtmsiMCumin'
' .' ,
:'* i
,<.;> -
,':-.:-:'. ... -rr-:r..JtorJtoJo.
, ? . *. ) 'viiiwviiiw' , JINJIM < "" " ' >
(
' . .11. , . . . ,. . <. . ..._ . .._ . _ _
should constantly be in touch with uniteunits they areare-
supporting"
are-
supporting
pre-
supposingare-
s'
are-
s
are-
supporting'
are-
supporting
pre-
supposing. . .. . . .
s's' supporting"supportingpport1ng"pport1ngs'pport1ng"spport1ngpport1ng"inpport1nginsupporting'" "' in order to overoverovercomecome"comecome"any"comeanycompany"- any"anyany"ofanyofany.nn..n"o'no-"o'"o'o"- " ofor' " allll..illiEllill..ir" 'resistanceresistance'resistance-
offered
resistance-
offeredresist-
ance'.resistance-
offeredresist-
ance-rr- ta : .cece.c-
eoffered
ce-
nteredoffered by the enemy to the infantry , not only to keepkeep-
up
kee-p
keep-
up
kee-p
keep-
up
kee-pup the scheduled program , but to insure success.successsuccess.o-
fcsuccess-
.csuccess-
orsucce-
ss.
ofcof",,<? VV-
c l.-l.l.-c ..( c ) Tanks IEB&-gIEB&IEBgIBMm& -',* - able to capture enemy infantryinfantry-
positionsinfa-ntryinfantry-
positionsinfa-ntryinfantry-
positionsinfa-ntrypositions , and force them to take cover into dugouts ,
iiIt IIItI-
IbutK-
ibbutzI-
tbutK-
ibbutz
< ff-
butb-
utbut the infantry must mop up the enemy and hold thethe-
position
ther-
mosetting
the-
po
th-eo
the-
position
ther-
mosettingpositionpo si tionion , a qualityqualiqualify ty which the tanks do not possesspossess.possess.-
d
possesse-
d
*.
( d ) ItI t isi s also the infantry'sinfantrysinfantry' duty to assista8sistassist-
theassi-
sta8sist-
the
assist-
theassi-
stthe tanks in destroying anti-tankantitankanti-teAkteAk- weapons withinithin theirtheirp-
owerth-
eirtheirp-
owerth-
eirtheirp-
owerth-
eirpower , and in locating wireireverwiredrawerc.uevercueverclever. varvary pmmlfrrePDD.B1h1"PDD.B1h1PDDB1h1.
- - "- . and informinginforming-
theinformi-
ngthe tank crews of their locations.locationslocations.-
e
location-s
.
( e ) Tanks should seek cover whenever possiblepossib-let
possiblet-ile
possiblet-ine
possib-le
possibilit-iestiletinetile-
endtoil-
etedtine-
endint-
end< t\tt-
end\ *
end , operate belowbelowsky-linebelowskylineblowsy,) sky-lineskylineBky-linBkylinKyOlin- ; in orderyorderorderlyordehorde to avoid observaobserva-observeobserva-
tion
observa-
tion
observa-
tion
¬-
tionion and direct artillerye.rtilleryertillery. fire.firefire.-
ffie-
f
.
( f ) Smoke screens have proven to be a greatgreat-
aid
gre-at
great-
aid
gre-at
great-
aid
gre-ataid to tanks , especially the best protection againstagains-
tantitank
aga-inst
agains-
tantitank
aga-inst
agains-
tantitank
aga-instanti-tankantitank- weaponsweaweak one while these weapons are being put outou-
tIrgou-
tierou-
tIrgou-
tierou-
tIrgou-
tierI-rIrI--r--- shoushoutKOOKOh U IdI-dof
I-ndo
I-dof
I-ndo
I-dof
I-ndoof action.sadactionsadaction.andactionandactiondactionsvacationlandaction. only t9is be used with a favorable wind ,
which is toward the enemy.enemyenemy.-
g
enem-
y
.
( g ) And lastla.etlaetlat. but not leastleestlest, J, if good resultsresultBareBare-
to
Bart-on
areare-
to
arres-
tor
are-
to
arres-
torto be expected from tanks supporting infantry , it isis-
most
gi-
smos
is-
most
gi-
smos
is-
most
gi-
smosmost essentialeeeentiel, that tank commanders as, well as tanktank-lea
ank-le
tank-le
ank-le
tank-lea
ank-leleale c/eceder.-.sder..sdewsdeerder..s-
platoondews-
platoondeso-
lation/ .- ss-
platoonp-
latoon.
platoon qamnmm'leseqamnmmleseanamnesesPI uIJlbuild ' er1: be allowed to reconnoiterreconnoitertear the areaareat-o
aurea-te
,-toto-to-
overst-
opoverto-
overst-
opoverto-
overst-
opoverover which they areare10perate,, operate and properly and safelysafely-
leadsaf-
elysafely-
leadsaf-
elysafely-
leadsaf-
elylead the infantry.infantry.
CONCLUSIONSCONOLUSIONSCONCLUSION-Sheih
CONOLUSIO-NSh
Conclusi-ons
CONOLUCONGOU SI ONSNSONS-
The
On-
site+heih-heihheighth eo.eo.-. ;f*' KSKS-
TheKa-
thie,,
The tanks with allall1a1l,1Ba1l1B, itebite, abilitiesabilities"abilities*" not asa8 yetyet-
an
ye-
an
yet-
an
ye-
anan answer to the infantrswinfants1nfentinfantroeinfantries prayer , as a solutionsolution-
to
solutio-
nto all of its problems in offensive combat.combat. The tanktank-
crews
sta-nces
tank-
orewl
tan-
kertank-
crews
sta-ncescrewsorewlmorel must not only be properly trained to man the tanktank-
14
tank-
14-14-14- 14-
should
14-
should
-
- . . . . . . . . . " . . - . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-t'6t'6t6.-(''H QeQi\iiyV\i-
.but
k-
ibbutz. .. . . . . ._ _..__*_ . . . . . . . . , . .. ". ... ..... . . . _ .butbut.h"t..D.WJ.st.-al.e.o.bs..tr.a-1n-e-E-to-"CVope-rrt"e-.wtthtDWJstaleobstra1neEtoCVoperrte.wtt.h"t..D.WJ.st.htDWJstal.e.o.bs..tr.a1neto"CVoperrt"errte.wttrtewatt. " . , .JS.mzg4.JSmzg4.JSmzg4,. . ., ,. ...-al.&oaloPalo.&. , . . bs . . t reinerefinereineeocpsralre'reineeocpsralrer-s-in-e-d-ArsinedA.- - - - }- - - .-eo-cpsralre'eocpsralre'cpsralrePsalter-" O -o p - t's'ts"' -''. .w'04ltln04ltl-
ninfantry
±tr! TTTeTT-
Teinfantry
tne---tnetinetnei-
nfantry
- --infantry and this applies to the infantry as wellwell-
to
we-
ltwell-
to
we-
ltwell-
to
we-
ltto insure success.success. Confidence in each other'sothersother's-
abilityothers-
abilityoth-
ersother's-
abilityothers-
abilityoth-
ersother's-
abilityothers-
abilityoth-
ers'
ability can only be obtained by combined trainingtra.1ning.tra1ning.tra1ningtrainingxtraining-
and
traini-ng
.,.. 0.0-
an4andan4 With thisth1s accomplishment, , tanks will prove anan-
invaluable
a-
nnullable
an-
invaluable
a-
nnullable
an-
invaluable
a-
nnullableinvaluable aid in enabling the infantryman to reachreach-
his
rac-his
reach-
his
rac-his
reach-
his
rac-hishis objective.objectiveobjective.-
Itobjectiv-
e.
It is obvious thatthettheft, tanks willw111 play'Play' aa.. prominentprominenttf-A7
prominenta-NV
prominent-dN'
prominent-dN
promine-nttfA7aNVdN'dNNVtfA-
7partaN-
Vpartra-
mpartdN-
'partdN-
partde-
part'
part in the next warw ,r andand/andandnationftanimation/,) nationsnationftnation, well equipped withwith-
thiswitt-
iest
with-
thiswitt-
iest
with-
thiswitt-
iestthis weapon will find itself without a handicap ,
especially at the beginning of hostilities.hostilitieshostilities.-
15
hostilities-
15
.
-15-15- 15-
e
15-
t'6
15-
t6
-
I .
''
... ...- , . . . .'- ._ .......... - . . . .. .... " _ . ... . .. .. .. .....' .... " . " ,, 'h.h' . . I.I. ... . .. . ." .. . .., . . . . . ,.." . . i '-.,
. )\ ) ' /
; .
,/,./ '/ I
Ir
QPZRKfioHOi'fAf'cOifAfcOffOf' RAr'IORArIORatio?'' N
c 0 ti I.
\'511
(TftCf-0TftCf0TafttRAtramrrr * CE- CEO
'
fftOlifRo'fRofRoMafterlife'" tOlJO-JO3ojtoilJOffOff, .sr. -
T faCofifnil&rifaCofifnilri8w.8wff'. . CoNroftNDtConfront(0 H fttlQti/iSfttlQtiiS&!RS/,
0ArrLpiT7ES , trJ..EtrJEtree? .. tipMAPt4 * p) po* Va"Vaytaetae+n4"".,*.+.rwkwkrwk-
Fo0
..*"1JC
jR1)
(0"0Fo0(fol&ftovKIfolftovKIfol&ftovKIf(" 6RovK0&, ft,, ., It />) roFoRNRiFormic/ /ff"/ !1AAT/o//AToAToOltWTool_f /01'101'1011f01'1f011IoPITipi/ //' OltWBoltOltW-
u.
0oN'oNrlJ.rlJURL' .. YVpo
..
"'" tf'7f7' /
f.ff.-
'f
f-
f
.1.1.
u.u.
.
'ff' :[ j)
"Z.Z." .
't"Z..
'tt'
,Ii>.> . .
3 " . .
,
.. .
.
'\
",
..
V.I"VI.
" : ,, .
" ".
..
.'
, : ,
, ,' ' :
.
'
. . . . "I
. .55. : ,:: '
,' .
1\1
1f.1f
\
.
: :..
,kf? .'
. . ..
"
" . <
.,
f.ff-
.Oi'fAf'c
f-
OifAfc
f-
eoff
.
'.
\
.
.
...
:',
,
.
:
.
.
.
.
.11
.
,}
:.,
':
I
. .