Rural Development

Description Rural development is the process of improving the

quality of life and economic well-being of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas.

 Rural development has traditionally centered on the exploitation of land-intensive natural resources such as agriculture and forestry.

However, changes in global production networksand increase durbanization havechanged the character of rural areas.

Education,entrepreneurship,physicalinfrastructure, andsocial infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions.

Rural development is also characterized by its emphasis on locally produced economic development strategies.In contrast to urban regions, which have many similarities, rural areas are highly distinctive from one another. For this reason there are a large variety of rural development approaches used globally.

The Objectives of Rural Development encompass improved productivity.

increased employment and thus higher incomes and health.

A national programme of rural development should include a mix of activities, including to projects to raise agricultural output.

create new employment. improve health and education. expand communications and improve housing.

Importance of Rural Development

For a country like Bangladesh, rural development is important. The reason behind this is that most of the people of the country are living in the villages.

There is a direct link between the rural development and the development of our national economy.

The rural sectors contribute about two-thirds of the GDP.

We can achieve our cherished goal of financial development by the development of our villages which hold the key to our success.

Rural areas in Bangladesh Low level of diversification of economical activities in rural areas. Main activitiy: agriculture, but with low productivity. Infrastructure: poorly developed with no investments. Unemployment: 26%. About 41% of GDP comes from rural areas; rural economy is heavily reliant on

agriculture. Life quality and possibilities for work in rural areas in Bangladesh does not provide sustainable existence and prosperity for its residents. Decreasing number of highly qualified human capacities in rural areas making it difficult to mobilize and develop local initiatives. Lack of budgetary support for rural development. Problems with interest and involvement of local actors for rural development.

The key elements of rural development in Bangladesh are: (a)poverty alleviation and raising the living standards of the rural poor.

(b) equitable distribution of income and wealth.

(c) wider employment opportunities.

(d) participation of the local people in planning, decision-making, implementation process, benefit sharing, evaluation of rural development programmes.

(e) 'empowerment' or more economic and political power to the rural masses to control the use and distribution of scarce resources.

Indicator of Rural Development

Indicator Of Rural Development  Careers and Employment:

Despite increasing urbanisation in Asia countries, a large fraction of Asia’s poor remain in rural areas. This paper examines the potential for sector-specific productivity growth, human capital, credit markets, and infrastructure to contribute to the development of stable, well-paid employment in rural areas of low-income countries.

Land management is the process of managing the use and development (in both urban and rural settings) of land resources.Land resources are used for a variety of purposes which may include organic agriculture, reforestation, water resource management ande co-tourism projects.

Village Development 

Rural development as a agriculture Bangladesh has a primarily agrarian

economy. Agriculture is the single largest producing sector of the economy since it comprises about 18.6% (data released on November, 2010) of the country's GDP and employs around 45% of the total labor force. 

The performance of this sector has an overwhelming impact on major macroeconomic objectives like employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development and food security.

A plurality of Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture. Although rice and jute are the primary crops, wheat is assuming greater importance. Tea is grown in the northeast. Because of Bangladesh's fertile soil and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in many areas.

Due to a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved steady increases in food grain production despite the often unfavorable weather conditions. 

Primary Education Programme The Primary Education Programme provides and promotes discovery-based, interactive primary education.

BRDP has built over many schools in the most disadvantaged rural areas where no other primary education is available.

The programme offers 6 years of schooling, from Reception to Class 5, in an attractive, hygienic school environment. There is a maximum of 30 students per class, which enables teachers to give children individual attention.

The emphasis in FIVDB's schools is on active learning, where creativity and individuality is encouraged. FIVDB is also developing strong partnerships with other formal and non-formal education providers to promote active learning method on a broader scale.

Women Development The goal of rural development of our society is to increase the

well-being and quality life of the population through growth with social justice. This includes women as well as men. Women are nearly half of the population (49.47 per cent of total population). They represent a half of the nation’s human resources and thus a half of its potential.

The burden of poverty continues to fall disproportionately on

women. The underlying factors are low literacy rate, low nutrition, low income with discriminating wage differentials compared to men, low life expectancy and high morbidity.

Empowering the women is crucial both for its intrinsic value as a government goal and as instrument for bringing about favourable social and economic change.

Tecnology in rural development1.Tecnology for farming.

2.Technologies for Rural Development/Using water resources or communication.

3.Technologies for Rural Development/Building houses.

4.Technologies for Rural Development/Ways of farming.

5.Technologies for Rural Development/Dealing with waste.

6.Technologies for Rural Development/Creating energy

History of BRDB Before emerging as an independent state in 1971, Bangladesh had some forms

of rural development institutions e.g village-based governments whose origin can be traced back to ancient times. The predominant assignment of these village governments was to collect revenue for the central government followed by other functions as maintenance of law and order and promotion of trade and commerce. The Mughal rulers hardly showed any systematic institutional approach to rural development, except for the construction of limited rural infrastructure and emergency relief operation. 

In 1972, the government activated the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) to replicate and expand the Comilla Model in other parts of the country. Later the programme was transformed into an institution called Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB). 

Government of Bangladesh (GOB) is directly engaged in rural development and poverty alleviation activities in Bangladesh. It’s Head Office based in Dhaka the capital city of Bangladesh .With 57 out of 64 District offices and over 476 Sub-District (Upazilla) Offices across the country. BRDB boasts coverage unmatched by any other Governmental or non-Governmental organization working in rural development and poverty alleviation in Bangladesh.

Identification of Problems

Ø Problem of recruitment of employees.Ø Problem of promotion of employees.Problem of training and overseas training.Ø Problem of rules and regulations of the employees.Ø Economic Problem of t he employeeØ Work distribution problemØ Lack of manpowerØ Lace of good trainerØ Structural problem.

Purpose of the field work

The main purpose of my field work is to know practically about BRDB’s function, structure, manpower, management, Salary structure, personnel management. For having got the information that I have done are given below-Ø Learning about practical knowledge  about BRDB.Ø Learning about the duties and works of the officers and staffs.Learning about the designation, salary structure, Grade etc.Ø Source of fund.Ø Allotment of fundØ About recruitment selection process.Ø About the problem of code of conduct of BRDB.Ø About association of the employees.Ø Last of all overall suggestions.

Role of GOVT and NGO

To eradicate illiteracy from the country, compulsory primary education, food for education programme, education programme for the old have been introduced by the government.

The government has set up hospitals and health centres at the thana and union level. Green Umbrella Programme is another initiative of the government in this respect.

To strengthen the participation of the village people in the administration, the government of Bangladesh has enacted a bill in the parliament. Besides, women’s participation at the union parishad level has been ensured. The government is encouraging the people to invest in the rural areas.

Role of GOVT and NGO The government, many non-government organisations are also

making concerted efforts to develop the rural areas. CARITAS, CARE, ASA, BRAC, PROSHIKA etc. are the names of some famous organisations that are working for the development of the villages in Bangladesh. They are offering micro credits for farming, housing, education etc. Grameen Bank is another prominent organisation working for the undeveloped rural people. This organisation has been more successful to improve the condition of the villagers than any other organisation. Even the model of Grameen Bank is adopted by many organistions in abroad.

Moreover, many international organisations also help directly or indirectly to implement the projects taken for the rural development. CIRDAP is an example of such organisation. The head quarter of this organisation is situated in Dhaka. In fact this kind of organisation helps the rural people financially, technically and technologically. The World Bank, UNDP, UNICEF, FAO, WHO etc. are some of the international organisations which are contributing a lot to the rural 

Steps to be taken for Rural Development1.  At first, educated and skilled people should change their attitude regarding rural area. It is impossible to

enhance effort for rural development if literate and skilled people do not want to go back to the village and work for village people.

2.   No development work will be effective if the rural people remain illiterate. So, we have to overcome illiteracy problem as soon as possible

3. More standard health facilities have to be given to the rural people. At the same time, malnutrition has to be removed, because sound health is the precondition of development.

4.  Micro-credit facilities should be increased. If this can be ensured, village people will be able to run small-scale business and cottage industies.

5. The government should establish mor technical and vocational institutes to make the village people skilled in the concerned field. Mass media like the TV, radio, newspapers etc. can play important role in this respect.

6. Government should supply modern technology at a cheap rate among the rural people and encourage them to use it. Specially, agro-based instuments have to be modernised.

7.   To ensure sustainable development comprehensive development programme should be taken.

Description