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- 5 -

Earlier theories

Theories of the origin of the carnotite deposits have run the gamut

of possibilities. It is worthy of note, however, that most geologists and

groups of geologists who have made a detailed study of these deposits

seem to favor the theory that the deposits were formed by deposition from

solutions at the time the ore-bearing sands accumulated or shortly

afterward. These workers include Hess -', Coffin -' , Fischer -', and Webber -' ,

_y Hess, F. L., A hypothesis for the origin of the carnotltes of

Colorado and Utah: Econ. Geology, vol. 9, pp. 686-687, 1914.

_/ Coffin, R. C., Radium, uranium, and vanadium deposits of southwestern

Colorado: Colo. Geol. Survey Bull. 16, p. 159, 1921.

_/ Fischer, R. P., Sedimentary deposits of copper, vanadium-uranium and

silver in southwestern United States: Econ. Geology, vol. 32, No. 7,

pp. 943-949, 1937.

^___________, Vanadium deposits of Colorado and Utah: U. S. Geol.

. Survey Bull. 936-P, p. 389, 1942.

_/ Webber, B. N., Geology and ore resources of the uranium-vanadium

depositional province of the Colorado Plateau regiont Union Mines \

Develop. Corp., pp. 231 and 232, 1947.

Lindgren -/ has suggested that the deposits were formed by circulating

_/ Lindgren, W., Mineral deposits, p. 404, 1933.

and dl&l*r —> 9«nvura« out xurUivr augcpat* i-r^v U>a

Uotlar, 1. i. f at al, lha oro dapoaila o* WtaA* U. ft* &••!•

Papar 111, pp. I5t-15t» 1930.

aaolojiata ar« raliiataz* to afoMutaH tha vo^lbilltT of a hrtfro-

orl^lA for t^t*4 o»po«lta« but no on* XMA piftllAMA atroof

•f tbla

From tin praatia*! atandoolnt of taqplflratioB IB a givon an** tho

hahita ajad aaaoolatioB of oro *§po«lta BMOt bo tarai, but It la not

to knot* tha arlfia of thaao dopooita. ftMraLidfa rafWdSnt taa

tba oboorvad atioraajtariatioo of oro oaajajnroBaa* IB ordar to

tha total raotyooa IB a larja ara«9 and to aoJa

for ajB>lapatioB» it ia oaaor\tUl to hovo aa MBth knawladji

tha orifta of tho dopoalta*

If tha •umatita ^ajpooita had a UpdraUwrB*! origin, tha di^oolta

a distribution ralrtad to tha aouroaa of thona&l aoltttiOBO oad

to «hannala of itlgratlaa aoroaa bada, IB jMMitiaB to olMamla of •liyotiaii

alOBg boda. Yho dapoaita* tharoftra f «ou24 proanaaobly bavo a rtatriatod

ftolagia and foaajroilita dlatributiaru £JL«U*jrl/f if tho doj oaita noro

fcflwad froa> gggajid watajr aftor rogional 4afteKationf Ujay would alao Ka^o

a raotriaitod dlatribotlom roljttod to ragUnal atnwttira aad tho p*grmia«n*>»J

•I tha ragion. Ko«rv«rj if tho d^ooita «aro fonaid from oarlr

wtaraf thalr localisation «aul«t hn^o boon oantfoUad bjr aadJaontury

Ltiona that WOILMI nawo BO ralation to ngtonol datamation or r««Mnt

hiatoty.

•M la ««ll (taftMd or mm to «*•£ al4atk oat

»M to

to atoo**A la

•ad la IWi or

<» n«* >i*iM •*« mrt**m at

ni ia or a««r tfe»

trill

la pUata IT *•

be ttici la ^^. ^^^ ^^^^^ .^^fl^B B^l^r ^^^^^^^P V^v

la •*** dlrtatigaa.

«B la «feldt M»

la ^t

la tka

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taxi**** to tito

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of or*

t*m IfiU Ikilic tm

zt i loo of

8. Dept. of the Interior Geological Surrey

Colorado Plateau Project \Topio Report No* 1,

Preliminary

Explanation

Areas of altered rnudstone 2feet or more thick-

Areas of altered mudatone Lto 2 feet thiok.

Areas of altered tnudstone lesathan 1 foot thick .

Carnotite deposits of commercialgrade and thickness

Carnotite deposits of sub*commercial grade and thickness

Approximate base of ore-bearing sandstone

Figure 1.— Variations in thickness of altered mudstone at base of ore-bearing sandstone as related to location of oarnotite deposits found by Geologi£al Survey drilling, Calamity group*

Mesa County, Colorado*

040D

U 51 «!•«• a*.

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U. S. Dept. of the Interior Geological Survey

JL« Geological Surrey mapping, 1940

Colorado Plateau Project Topic Report No. 1,

Preliminary

B. Union Mines mapping, 1945

Humber of logs Number of rolls

30-

60-

30-

60-

0 Gradient direction - Poreset8I Impinging direction - Foreset*S Sedimentary feature (Scour and Bar)R Roll orientationT Tree orientation

Figure 2»— Relation of roll trends to orientation of fossil logs and the average gradient direction.Club mine, Montrose County, Colorado.

y

t). S. Dept. of the Interior Geological Survey

Colorado Plateau ProjectTopic Report No. 1,

Preliminary

A» Footage of rolls B. Number of observations of direotlon of current bedding

30' 30'

60"

60* 60*

30

Figure 3.— Relation of roll trends to the direction of current-bedding,Yellowcat group, Grand County, Utah.

n •»v*nM**»

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•feftflAA. ^MBBA L*4A ^"* ifrji• *V«^W VV^V^V •'••W VIA l^ftr tlM vovi A% nw%

to 10% «*

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la««i

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«4of

rt 1^1:

•la&Ur •UuUta will t* aaoo of tot Shiaanaip iim§iia»i'ata» a*laaa thlt

i* tfMtertatoa ft? tto 4U*U fcxrgr r addition If tnU aw* i* dawa fay

tto noologUal ftvfqr, it will purtiial/ l* aturta* in fUoal It**.

tto aMnatr of 1V47 JJUi«rt*u uwii otrtjdn

that fru» OB outcrop* of oro-baarin* aandvUtwi ^£it oandantaata

dataatfchli nammta of natal* froa tto dapoalta. If thla ia tiva

of tto jOanto mlf* to a diroot 0ald§ to ora dapaoita in pUaoa wbaara tto

Ca& apaa aoaj* Ttaojnioaiuic oxtail* and fti tHa CavnHLao MMpjfcaJUui awa*

4torinf tto If49 fiald oaaoon to aatabliab ralationa* dafioa

r amd davalop toaMkyoo* It ia hopad that dafirdta ptavata,

ar na^»tiw f will to avtainad ay a f«w •ontha 1 wavfrf and

that tha aa^plin^r t«ohni4|uao drvwlopod, if ugr. oan that; to aptdiad In/ tto

to

oat haMLU, and tin aft and pa*aju»ai* of tto aw aimrmlai ttoir

of fonaUion and rvUtiaa to taw anoAaoinf roakaf tto atauraota* a! tto

oolat.lQna| and th§ aanditiona of jaJji-alioa and laoaliaatioa

of tto dapoeita. Xnforatttion <urlf*d from tha at«^ «1U to of aid in

da^oloping avtaJULavvuai toanrdqBia for blamttng» aAllinf> and tooaflair-

atiou of tto aroa, and will to uaaful in intaiptalU^ tba ratloo totwOA

ooui^alant mfdaai and Mviiai in tha radiaavtria lafcoratarr, in addition

to probaiila fiald uaa in gliding vxpiormtion.

-as-

tin atudiaa, avtfc •ic«rmi4>£io an* pttjrotfr*rhi«» will be aajajifihaiial?*

and datAilad in ahajrajtar, •juicing a*ny apaalalfcaad fiald* of Uhoratarr

ln*aati«BtlaR aa wall a* a*ra vwtii* nwthoda. IN '>••!• will ba pUajad

on UN invofttiga&ion of tha aLinaralogy of fratwraa mioh a*a prc^^iAlj ••»

•Umd to M julte* io or«. AMM w»«ri to bt a ralitUartilp bat«MB

tha pr»n<na< of nl^«r4ll«Aii«n within tht or*-b**rit^ aandatoiK and th»

or altoratlon of t&a mirtat^na mcKrljrlAf U» •wdfltcna. A*tdll ba amda of tte efcaructer of tha aJLtaratlor, in ardar to

fidna th» ooa^oaltiati of UM aXuriag aolut ia»a, and tYmm aid in tht

avaluatlan of thia gyldt to ora, Oihar foaturaa will bo alallarlr inraati-

aaMl avaluatad. InforaBtlao aMaiaa^ in tha •onraa of datAilad

fiald in^aati4B»tiona in 1931, WtPf «^ ^9U *U1 Ha eoUatad with tha

adiMralofic proiraa^ M will infomatloii darlvad Trtm tha praaant

drilling prqgyaji> aad aaaoalajtad faolofic atudiaa*

A aKoraaiditt fram L. R. fitiaff to 4. 0. labbiU, datad Hareh 24, 1949.

outlinaa additianal apaaial Ub^ratory ixvaatijationa aX eamotita aiaaraloflr

ralationa, and a«aoelatad atudlaa, aa wall aa tha aaoaaaarj

f laid worfc. A aoay *f thia Muni aiirtaa haa baaji fumiahad to

tha AK.

ftramid natar atudiaa

Btta^uaa tha h«bita of tha dapoaita a«§faat tha ora waa fonatd froa

jyauaii.1 watara aironlatia^ alanf tha ora-l*«arlii« badat arohahljr bmforo

raflooal dafoywAtlon, a atudy of paat and praaawt g'aatid watay aanrtil loan

hfla baan raoanapadod. It ahould a4d in daiandLniim tKa aga and origin of

tha daaooita and lha factora that Inoalload U«m9 as wall aa an^TaaartUg

tha Infoimtion that will ha aUUtind frai tha othor gooUgle «t«dia» aa)d UM

work. Thaaa atudiva ara prca^eaad for flaial 1951*

GS080TAHICJUL HUttR* WTu CuUOKADO

Topic uojort '«<>. 3,

July 1%9

t?y K. y.

IS. G«oloclc«tl Surrty

Jtinotion, Colorado

t

In 1%7 tha OaoJLu^*! jjurvcy ,v. ; a >r*li*JUia*y au^/ cl ti*

ralation of planta to ilia urantuB dahlia af tha Colorado ?l*taau«

Hi* ol>j«ct of thiJ atuuy wan to dat«r— ~ Mbetliar

atuiiaa hald say prajaia* aa .* aathod of proapoctix^ for

ora, and to briag tha janaral problau of gaobottfOoaX proapactlng

in U**w ^*w* into afiarpar focua aa a ^oMa to futhar aaqjaria^uial

rwaaaxaik. Altixw^i tto raaaita af thia ournocy atuUy waira out

cotiduaiv*, t)^-y did JNOM cuffleiafit prwdaa to warrajii additional

oartaia JLndi^ancajfl apaaia*

plaota art a«aociat*d vlth . rw Jtu* or« bediea in to« Ihoay/aunfl

of tftaJi* 7»^«c ua- : .- . .* that h«Va i>aan

atuditta by A^rieulUraJL eclanxJLata aa apoeifio indicators of aolla

ao* t«dnin4 roUtirolr lar.ec amo^ftta af aalanio»» Ubaar f avorabla

cauoitX^na^ ayvLat&Abic L^^pLig of wi« oiatrlboitlon oi th»a*

poaaiblgr athar

of uudarXyia

It waja l*urtlu»r lota^a Uv*v caruon pl*u,«, notabi^ ^imvi aua

both of Nhioii i*it dowu etop taa> raota in aafcrok of

to oaucatitrata in th&ii* . r»&n narta traoaa of upatlua and

•aaoalAtaa almnanta darivaU iVa. uuU«J^afi£ or. • N

with Oaap U|i rout* may aarv* aa a**a^lii^ amenta for

daapljr buriau ora aid that j^Lvaa no other «urf*oa clue of Ita preaanoa.

THa £alXo%di^ iaUba prQaaiita t!w» ac^vnty data uollecvea ig OAt« ou.

Uia aaoi^ta of XU^JUIBI Tanadium, i**d ABA Bjoiybdajnai «ont*inad in

- 2 -

at

«iti«r*iiMd

for

auoh

to

a fair

no

In non-

tP will

S** T •TB

M n

Frvaeott.

Ari»» Mo

MfeU MDtt«tMl» MO

.c

*••**

V«ry low

Qmrl«a I or* •on*

LOMH •r» XM

0.3

, «luto

bruah

IAMM* groujp orp t«i

6.0

6

lo

- 3 -

furihar rea^arth fkropoaatl for flaati. yaar 1V50

1) ^coio 4x:al atudlta of tha dietrlbutian of all plant* in tha

Colorado Plataau *r«*, to dat**viiia Uta ralatianaidp to at noon *0gaia.

tiAn and t\M ^9ology and ora depoaita*

2} Lavga aaala •••jUng and anaJgraia of yau^taUv-n for tracaa

of all elamatita aaaoclatad idth th» camotita oraf particular Jgr

umniun, varuMiluA, laad, aal/bdom^ oa^§»«r 9 slito* and barluHi to

which pl«nta aro tha \»aat aoeuMlalora of OTM a^tala

carnotita dapoait*.

3) iia¥alo|Maiit art fiald v^llcation of ra|dd9

of ehamloftl anaJ^raia of v»(£«t*tion aed aoil for

«od Lo«a, to oarva «a a day^Co <iay gulda in

4) InvoatlTatlon of any oUMr.^adbotanical or

aurf«o« indication of buriad ore Uiat appear* ^o wvw praKl

oaj lnclud« 8tuui»a cf oolor Tiiriatlooa of plahta dua to

factors, dUoaaa aymjitom of planta r««ultlr^ Xroa toxle quantltloa

of or« Katala ia> tte nutrient soJLutix>n, •aajxlin^ ana vi&j^vi* cu

ground and irorfaoo w atar , aoilai and aUumrittai i'or traoom of tha ora