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TRANSCRIPT
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Food for Thought
Technology AdvancesAdrian Thompson
CIWM & DoENI Consultation
Seminar
15 November 2013
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Contents of Presentation
Technology Advances– Anaerobic Digestion– In-Vessel Composting
Anaerobic Digestion Pro’s and Con’s
In-Vessel Composting Pro’s and Con’s
Current Level of Development
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Anaerobic Digestion
What is Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic – in the absence of air
Digestion – material digested by bacteria to break down the product to a sludge / compost like material and produce a gas (biogas)
Biogas combusted to produce electricity and heat
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Public Types of AD and Feedstock
Types of AD
Wet: Pumped and stirred Dry: Stacked or pushed through as a plug
Typical Farm Feedstock
Animal manureSilageWaste crops (Potatoes, cabbage etc)Energy crops (e.g. Miscanthus) Dairy wastes
More Complex Feedstock
Household waste (Separately collected organic)Food processing waste
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The AD Process
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Example AD Layout
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AD Outputs / Pro’s
Digestate
Potential artificial fertiliser replacement– Whole Digestate– Dry Fraction– Wet Fraction
Biogas
Can be combusted in an engine to generate electricity and heat
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AD Considerations / Con’s
Electricity Grid Connection Is grid connection possible?
Feedstock Are sufficient tonnages of feedstock guaranteed for continuous operation? Are these homogenous in nature?
Sufficient Land to Spread Digestate Is there sufficient land to spread the digestate (PAS 110 compliance and closed
spreading season)?
Monitoring Need for continuous monitoring of the system
Finance Significant capex and opex costs
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In-Vessel Composting
What is In-Vessel Composting
In-Vessel – in an enclosed system (building or container)
Composting – a biological process in which micro-organisms convert organic matter into a stabilised residue
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Types of In-Vessel Composting & Feedstock's
Types of In-Vessel Composting
Containers Silos Agitated Bays Tunnels Enclosed Halls
Feedstock
Green Waste Food Wastes
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The In-Vessel Composting Process
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In-Vessel Composting Outputs / Pro’s
Outputs
Compost (PAS100 / Animal By-Product Compliance)
Residual fraction
Benefits
Green waste and food waste can be the input waste
Less sensitive to changes in feedstock input
Reduces waste volume
Reduces biodegradability of the waste
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In-Vessel Composting Con’s
Large energy usage in aeration and odour control
Large capital costs
Large area required for compost maturation
Product quality and market for final compost
Continuous monitoring
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Current Level of Development
Existing Capacity
*Source NIEA Public Register
Site Waste Type Technology Type
NWP GlensideNon-hazardous including
biodegradableIn-Vessel
Composting
NWP Keady Organic Composting
Greenacre Composting
Biodegradable Composting
Simpro Organic Composting
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Future Development
Future Capacity
*Source rx3
Site Waste TypeTechnology
TypeAnnual
Capacity (t)
B9 Organic Energy Ltd
Category 2 and 3
Anaerobic Digestion
50,000
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Organic Resource Management Facilities
*Source rx3
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Summary
Both Anaerobic Digestion and In-Vessel Composting have their place in the market
Anaerobic Digestion
Energy recoveryDigestate – potential fertiliser
In-Vessel Composting
Potential for a quality compostCan accept food wastes and green waste co-mingledLess sensitive to changes in feedstock quantity and quality
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For Further Information
Contact:
Adrian Thompson
028 9066 7914