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the subjects of the curriculum, is admissible to the Final Exa-mination. Any candidate so admitted shall pay a fee of twenty-five guineas at the time of entering for the examination.The sum of ;t20 will be returned to unsuccessful candidates.There are six periods of examination annually, four in

Edinburgh and two in Glasgow, and candidates may presentthemselves at either examining centre irrespective of theplace of the previous examination. The Registrar in Edin-burgh is Mr. J. ltobertson, 1, George square; and theRegistrar in Glasgow, Mr. A. Duncan, 242, St. Vincent-street, to whom fees and certificates must be sent.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND ROYALCOLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND.

Two sets of regulations are at present in force, underwhich examinations take place for the conjoint diploma ofthese bodies. The older regulations, under which studentswho commenced their studies before Oct. 1st, 1889, maybe examined, have appeared in our Students’ Number inprevious years, and will be found on pp. 477 and 478 of oursecond volume of 1888. The following regulations are

obligatory on all students commencing on or after thedate already mentioned :-

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION.

Every candidate for the Conjoint Examinations of theColleges shall produce evidence-(a) of having, beforeentering on medical studies, passed a Preliminary Exami-nation in general education recognised by the GeneralMedical Council ; and (b) of having been registered by thatCouncil as a Student in Medicine. Each candidate beforereceiving his diplomas must produce a registrar’s certificateor other satisfactory evidence that lie has attained the ageof twenty-one years.

Preliminary Examination.- The subjects of examinationare identical with those prescribed for the PreliminaryExamination by the General Council of Medical Educationand Registration, except that it includes the additionalsubject Physics, which may be passed at the PreliminaryExamination or at a subsequent Supplemental Examina-tion, at an extra fee of £l Is. In no case can Physics bedeferred to the First Professional Examination.

PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATIONS.

Every candidate is required to pass four ProfessionalExaminations, one at the end of each year of his profes-sional studies. Xo candidate shall be admitted to the Finalor Qualifying Examination within three months of hisrejection at the Final or Qualifying Examination by anyother licensing body. All examinations shall be conductedas far as possible by demonstration of objects placed beforethe candidates.

First Professional Examination.- Every candidate is re-quired, before admission to the First Professional Examina-tion, to produce evidence—(1) of having passed in the subjectsof the Preliminary Examination, including Physics ; (2) ofhaving been registered as a medical student by the GeneralMedical Council; and(3) of having attended in winter a courseof (&agr;) lectures on Practical Anatomy, (b) Demonstrationsand Dissections, and (c) lectures on Theoretical Chemistry,(d) Practical Chemistry, three months’ summer course,(e) Practical Pharmacy—(1) evidence of attendance forthree months in the Compounding Department of a ClinicalHospital, which hospital shall have satisfied the Committeeof Management that its means of instruction are sufficient,and shall return to the Committee the names of its studentsat the commencement of the course, together with a recordof their attendance at its close ; or (2) evidence of attend-ance on a course of Practical Pharmacy in t recognisedMedical School, the course to consist of not less than twentydemonstrations; or (3) evidence of having served a fullapprenticeship of three years, or of having acted as paidassistant for not less than one year in the establishment ofa Licentiate Apothecary or of a registered PharmaceuticalChemist.17 The fee for this examination is £15 15s. Thesubjects of the First Professional Examination are thefollowing :-1. Chemistry : Elementary Chemistry—In-organic and Organic, as found in Roscoe’s Lessons on Ele-mentary Chemistry,—with a practical examination in the

17 Licentiate Apothecaries and Licentiates of the PharmaceuticalSocieties of Great Britain and Ireland are exempt from attendance onPractical Pharmacy.

Laboratory. 2. Anatomy : Bones, with attachments ofMuscles and Ligaments—Joints. 3. Pharmacy.: PracticalPharmacy, Dispensing of Drugs, Methods of Administra-tion of Medicines, Heading of Prescriptions.Second Professional Examination.- Every candidate is

required, before admission to the Second Professional Exa-mination, to produce evidence of having passed the FirstProfessional Examination; also certificates of having, inhis second or a later year of professional study, attended-(1) A Medico-Chirurgical Hospital for nine months, togetherwith evidence of having taken notes to the satisfaction ofthe physicians or surgeons in charge of the case", andcertified under their hands, of at least three Medical casesand three Surgical cases, in the wards of a recognisedMedico-Chirurgical Hospital. (2) Courses of Lectures asfollow:—Winter courses: Practical Anatomy; Demon-strations and Dissections. Summer courses (three months):Histology; Materia Medica. The fee for this examinationis £10 10s. The subjects of the Second Professional Exa-mination are the following-1. Anatonn : The Anatomyof the whole Human Body. 2. Histology. 3. HospitalPractice : Methods of Physical Diagnosis ; Application ofUrinary Tests ; General Principles of the Treatment ofFractures, of Dislocations, of Wounds, and of Hemorrhages;Bandaging ; General Principles of Case-taking. 4. Physio-logy : Circulation; Respiration; Digestion. 5. MateriaMedica. Candidates are examined on three separatedays.

Third Prrf’essiuuul Examination.- Every candidate is re-quired, before admission to the Third Professional Examina-tion, to produce evidence of having passed the Second Pro.fessional Examination; also certificates of having in histhird, or a later, year of professional study attended—(1) AMedico-Chirurgical Hospital for nine months, or acted forsix months as resident pupil, together with evidence ofhaving taken notes to the satisfaction of the physicians andsurgeons in charge of the cases, and certified under theirhands, of at least three Medical cases and three Surgicalcases in the wards of a recognised Medico-Chirurgical Hos-pital. (2) Courses of Lectures as follow:—Winter courses:Demonstrations and Dissections; Medicine; Surgery; Phy.siology. Summer course (three months): Medical Juris.prudence. The fee for this examination is f9 9s. Thesubjects for the Third Professional Examination are thefollowing--l. Anatomy; Surgical Anatomy. 2 Surgery:Surgery as in the Second Professional Examination; also In-flammation, with its varieties and consequences; Fractures;Dislocations; Injuries, mechanical, chemical, physical-their immediate and remote effects; Hernia; Surgical Dis-eases of Bloodvessels ; Diseases of Bones ; Diseases of Joints;Pyæmia; Septicæmia. 3. Medicine: Medicine as in theSecond Professional Examination; also Diseases of the Heartand Circulatory System, of the Respiratory Apparatus, ofthe Abdominal Cavity, of the Skin; the Exanthemata; andthe Continued Fevers. 4. Physiology.

H’ourtlc on Final Professional Examination.- Every can-didate is required, before admission to the Final Examina-tion, to produce evidence--(l) of having passed the ThirdProfessional Examination ; (2) of having in his fourth era later year of professional study (a) attended a Medico-Chirurgical Hospital for nine months as extern pupil, oracted for six months as resident pupil, unless a certificateto that effect has been accepted in the third year; (b)18 awintercourse of lectures on Midwifery. Certificates will also be re-quired---(1) Of having attended a recognised midwiferyhospital or maternity for six months in the winter or

summer of the fourth year, with evidence of having beenpresent at thirty labours. (2) Of having for not less thanthree months, in either the third or fourth year, studiedfever in a recognised clinical hospital containing feverwards, and recorded from daily personal observation atleast live cases of fever to the satisfaction of the attendingclinical physician, as attested by his signature. For thepurposes of this regulation the word ’’fever" is held toinclude the following diseases only—viz., typhus, typhoidor enteric fever, scarlet fever, small-pox, and measles.(3) Of having attended a course of Operntive Surgery in thesummer session of either the third or the fourth year. (4) Ofhaving attended, at a recognised ophthalmic and auralIiospital, or at a recognised ophthalmic and aural depart-ment of a general hospital, clinical lectures un Ophthalmic

18 On and after July 1st, 1891, a certificate of having attended a courseof lectures on Pathology will be required in addition to the above-named Lectures.

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and Aural Surgery during a period of three months. Thefee for this examination is £6 6s. The subjects for theFourth or Final Examination are the following—1. Medi-cine. 2. Surgery. 3. Therapeutics. 4. Pathology. 5. Mid-wifery and Diseases peculiar to Women. 6. ForensicMedicine in refeience to Medicine, Surgery, and Mid-wifery ; Hygiene. 7. Ophthalmic and Aural Surgery.19Candidates may preent themselves for examination in aUthe subjects of the Final Examination at the sa-me term ;or, at one term, in Medicine, including Therapeutics andPathology, and Clinical Medicine ; at a second term, in

Surgery, including Therapeutics and Pathology, Ophthalmicand Aural Surgery, Clinical Surgery, and Operations ; at athird term, Midwifery, Gynaecology, Forensic Medicine,and Hygiene. Candidates must pay the full fee beforebeing admitted to any part of the examination. Can-didates may take the groups in any order they please. Nocandidate will receive any diploma till the entire examina-tion is completed.

REJECTIONS AND RE-EXAMINATIONS.

Candidates at the First, Second, and Third ProfessionalExaminations get credit for each subject in which theypass. In any subject in which they fail to pass they are"referred."Immediate 2-e- examination. -Candidates who pass in all

subjects but one at the First, Second, or Third ProfessionalExamination may, with the consent of the examiners inthat subject, be re-examined in the same, if the Court ofExaminers consider them deserving. The Court of Examinersdecide at their conference whether or not a re-examinationis to be granted, and if granted, it will be held as soon asmay be before the Term Examination is concluded.Subsequent re-examination.-Candidates who have been

referred must present themselves at a subsequent examina-tion in the subjects in which they have failed, but mustsatisfy the examiners in the same before proceeding to theexamination of the year.In the case of candidates so referred, the examiners are

authorised to consider for what period, and in what sub-jects, each candidate is to be referred back to his studies,and to make a recommendation accordingly to the Com-mittee of Management, who may authorise the re,examina-tion of the candidate at such examination as they maythink fit. The examiners are also empowered to recom-mend to the Committee of Management, in the case ofcandidates so referred, whether or not thev should beallowed to continue attendance on lectures and obtain certi-ficates as required for the next Professional Examination.

.

EXEMPTION OF CANDIDATES UNDER THIS SCHEME.

The following exemptions have been agreed to by the Icommittee:-Primary Examination, Royal College of Surgeons, England, exempts from First, Second, and ThirdExaminations of Conjoint Scheme, provided that the candi-date passes an examination in Theoretical Chemistry,Pharmacy, and Materia Medica, in addition to the subjectsof the Final Professional Examination. Second Medical Exa-mination, Royal University of Ireland, exempts from FirstExamination of Conjoint Scheme, with the exception of anexamination in Pharmacy. M.B. Examination, RoyalUniversity of Ireland, exempts from First, Second, and’Third Examinations of Conjoint Scheme.EXEMPTIONS OF CANDIDATES UNDER FORMER SCHEMES.1. (a) Candidates who have passed the First Professional

Examination, as hitherto conducted by the College of Sur-geons, may present themselves for the Second ProfessionalExamination under the Conjoint Scheme; (b) candidateswho have passed the Second Professional Examination ofthe College of Surgeons may present themselves for the ThirdExamination under the Conjoint Scheme; (c) candidateswho have passed the Third Professional Examination of theCollege of Surgeons may present themselves fqr the Fourthor Final Examination under the Conjoint Scheme. Pro-vided that in each case the candidate shall have compliedwith the regulations laid down under the Conjoint Schemeforthe examination at which he is about to present himself.

19 Students who commenced study before July, 1879, are exempt fromboth the certificate for study and the special Ophthalmic Examination,but are liable to be examined by the surgical examiners in OphthalmicSurgery. Those who commenced before February, 1882, are exemptfrom the special examination, on producing the ’certificate of threemonths’ clinical ophthalmology required before that date. Those whocommenced after February, 1882, must pass the special examination.

But in the case of students registered as such prior toJune 1st, 1887, the Committee of Inspection shall have

power to vary the regulations when special circumstancesshall appear to warrant it.IL Candidates who have passed the first half of the Pro-

fessional Examination at the College of Physicians or atthe College of Surgeons under the old scheme may presentthemselves for the Final Examination under the ConjointScheme, provided they have complied with the regulationsunder the Conjoint Scheme for that examination.

III. The Committee of Inspection shall have power toexempt from certain examinations under the ConjointScheme candidates who previously to July 1st, 1887, wouldbe exempt from equivalent examinations at the College ofPhysicians or Cullege of Surgeons, under the Regulations ofthe Colleges as existing prior to the operation of the Con-joint Examination Scheme. Provided that in each case thecandidate shall have complied with the regulations laiddown under this Conjoint Scheme for the examination atwhich lie is about to present himself.

SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES OF LONDON.

Every student purposing to study Medicine must pre-viously pass a Preliminary Examination in Arts qualifyingFor registration as medical student. Such exaiiiination li-lield quarterly in the Hall of the Society on the first Fridayand following day in March, June, September, andDecember, and is conducted by means of printed paper--.Candidates will be examined in English, Latin, Mathe-matics, Elementary Mechanics, and one of the followingsubjects at the option of the candidate: Greek, French.German, Logic, Botany, and Elementary Chemistry. Thesubjects may be passed at one or more examinations, andno subject in which a candidate has passed before anyexamining body recognised by the Medical Council need betaken up again for the purpose of registration. Noticemust be sent to the Secretary, with the fee of 1 guinea afortnight prior to the day of examination. Medical studybefore registration as medical student is not recognised,with the exception of Chemistry, Materia Medica, Phar-macy, and Dispensing. Candidates can present themselvesfor examination in special subjects ; the fee for each specialsubject is 1 guinea. A pass-list is published and sent toevery candidate.The examinations to be passed for the Diploma in Medicine,

Surgery, and Midwifery, which is registrable under the pro-visions of the Medical Act, 1886, are Primary and Final, allbeing written, oral, and practical. The Primary Examina-tions are held quarterly on the first Wednesday and on theMonday and Thursday of the same week in the months ofJanuary, April, July, and October. The Final Examinationsare held monthly, and consist of—(1) the examination inSurgery on the second Wednesday and following days: (2) the examination in Medicine and in Midwifery on the thirdWednesday and on the Monday and Thursday of the sameweek. The course of medical study must extend over four years, and not less than three winter and two summersessions must be passed at a recognised hospital and schoolof medicine. Candidates intending to present themselvesfor examination must give fourteen days’ notice. A foriiifor the purpose will be sent on application. The fee mustbe forwarded at the same time, with all required certili-cates, to the Secretary. The entire fee for the examination...is 910 lOs., which in the event of failure is not returned.A fee of £3 3s. is required for every re-examination.The course of study required to qualify for the Primary

Examinations is as follows :-Lectures on Chemistry andChemical Physics, not less than six months ; PracticalChemistry, three months ; Materia Medica, tliiee months ;Pharmacy and Dispensing, three months, instruction inwhich must be given by a registered medical practitioner:by a member of the Pnarmaceutical Society; or in a publichospital, infirmary, or dispensary. Evidence of having re-ceived instruction in these subjects before registration asmedical student will be received. The first of the PrimaryExaminations may be passed at any period after registration.The second includes Anatomy, Physiology and Histology :to qualify for this examination the canclidate must have re-ceived instruction in Anatomy, not less than six months;Practical Anatomy with Demonstrations, twelve months;Physiology, six months; Histology with Demonstrations,three months. Candidates will be excused any o" all of the