rosary pea abrus precatorius (l.) fabaceae. other common names include: –crab’s eyes...
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Rosary PeaRosary PeaAbrus precatorius Abrus precatorius (L.) Fabaceae(L.) Fabaceae
• Other common names include:
–crab’s eyes
–Jequiriti
–precatory pea
–licorice vine
• Climbing or trailing woody vine
• Non-native, native to India
BiologyBiology
• Considered to be one of the most toxic plants in the world
• Toxin is abrin–Found only in the seed–Released if chewed & swallowed–0.00015% of toxin per body weight ~
single seed in humans–Fatal to humans, pets and livestock
BiologyBiology
BackgroundBackgroundEconomic uses
• Attractive ornamental vine in many landscapes
• Seeds are used in many types of jewelry
DistributionDistribution• Found throughout much of the
tropics, including Hawaii, Polynesia, Caribbean Islands
• Scattered infestations in the southeastern US
• Primarily in Central and South Florida
• Over 27 counties, mainly coastal
Rosary Pea Distribution in Florida
ImpactsImpacts• Category 1 invasive species
(FLEPPC)
• Invades undisturbed pinelands and hammocks
–Grows over small trees and shrubs
–Displaces native plant communities
Mature PlantMature Plant
IdentificationIdentification
Mature PlantMature Plant• Climbing, trailing
woody vine• Slender, green
branches and stems• Deeply rooted, often
with trailing roots• Responds favorably
to fire
SeedlingSeedling• Bean-shaped
cotyledons• First true leaf
trifoliate, then pinnately compound
• No terminal leaflet
LeavesLeaves andand StemsStems• Climbing vine
• Alternate compound leaves, 2 to 5 inches long
• 5 to 15 pairs of oblong leaflets
FlowersFlowers andand FruitFruit• Small pale violet
to pink flowers• Clustered in leaf
axils
• Legume-shaped pod, oblong, flat –1½ - 2 inches
long
SeedSeed• Seedpod splits at
maturity, seeds remain attached
• Seeds brilliant red/scarlet with a black spot
• Birds unaffected by toxin, readily disperse seed
ManagementManagementPreventativePreventative
CulturalCultural
MechanicalMechanical
BiologicalBiological
ChemicalChemical
PreventativePreventative1. Restrict planting as a landscape plant
2. Regular monitoring and rouging of escaped plants
3. Avoid use of mulch possibly contaminated with rosary pea seeds
4. Target management efforts to prevent seed development and spread
CulturalCultural1. Alternative landscape plants to replace
rosary pea
2. Programs to educate homeowners Problems associated with rosary pea Proper plant identification
3. Maintain good ground cover and mixture of plant species to reduce rosary pea establishment and growth
BiologicalBiological1. There are no known biological control
agents available for rosary pea management in Florida
MechanicalMechanical1. Hand-pulling and removal of entire plants
(small infestations) removing top growth is not enough critical to rouge out roots
2. Aggressive tillage is very effective impractical in many areas
3. Repeated operations will be necessary to kill sprouting plants from roots
ChemicalChemical1. Application timing critical, apply in fall
prior to seed set
2. Large woody vines, cut above ground stem and apply triclopyr immediately to the cut stem
3. Foliage Application Triclopyr (3-5 % solution) Glyphosate (1-3% solution)
Useful LinksUseful Links• Unites States Department of Agriculture Natural
Resources Conservation Service Plants Database: http://plants.usda.gov
• Invasives and Exotic Species of North America: http://www.invasives.org
• University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html
• University of Florida’s Cooperative Extension Electronic Data Information Source: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.html
Useful LinksUseful Links• Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Plant
Threats to Pacific Ecosystems: http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm
• Floridata: http://www.floridata.com/main_fr.cfm?state=Welcome&viewsrc=welcome.htm
• The Hillsborough County Invasive Species Task Force: Identification and control of non-native invasive plants in the Tampa Bay Area: http://www.tbep.org/pdfs/Invasive_Plants.pdf
Literature CitedLiterature Cited• Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998.
Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp.