roots, stems and leaves roots absorption root hairs increase surface area mycorrhizae are...
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Roots, Stems and Roots, Stems and LeavesLeaves RootsRoots
AbsorptionAbsorption Root hairs increase surface areaRoot hairs increase surface area Mycorrhizae are symbiotic fungi that help plants Mycorrhizae are symbiotic fungi that help plants
absorb nutrients.absorb nutrients. TypesTypes
Fibrous- shallow, increased surface Fibrous- shallow, increased surface area(monocots)area(monocots)
Tap – deep, used for storage(dicots)Tap – deep, used for storage(dicots) Adventitious – climbing roots, above groundAdventitious – climbing roots, above ground
StemsStems PartsParts
NodesNodes InternodesInternodes Auxillary budsAuxillary buds Terminal buds – apical dominanceTerminal buds – apical dominance
Modified StemsModified Stems Stolons – above ground horizontal (strawberries)Stolons – above ground horizontal (strawberries) Rhizomes – below ground horizontal (tubers)Rhizomes – below ground horizontal (tubers)
Modified Shoots
Rhizomes
Stolons of Strawberries
Underground Stem
Tubers
Root Hair Radish
LeavesLeaves
Plant TissuesPlant Tissues Dermal – epidermisDermal – epidermis
ProtectionProtection Layer of tightly packed cellsLayer of tightly packed cells Waxy cuticle prevent water lossWaxy cuticle prevent water loss
VascularVascular Xylem – Tracheids and vessel elementsXylem – Tracheids and vessel elements Phloem – sieve tube members and companion cells.Phloem – sieve tube members and companion cells.
GroundGround Between dermal and vascular tissueBetween dermal and vascular tissue Pith and CortexPith and Cortex Function – photosynthetic, storage and support.Function – photosynthetic, storage and support. Cortex of a dicot stem- both storage and support(large trees)Cortex of a dicot stem- both storage and support(large trees)
Primary and Secondary Walls
Types of Plant TissuesTypes of Plant Tissues
ParenchymalParenchymal
StructureStructure No primary wallNo primary wall Thin flexibleThin flexible Least specialized Least specialized Large vacuolesLarge vacuoles Ground tissue is primarily parenchymal.Ground tissue is primarily parenchymal.
Parenchymal Tissue
CollenchymalCollenchymal Structure Structure
Thicker primary walls than parenchymal cells.Thicker primary walls than parenchymal cells. Primary walls have uneven thicknessPrimary walls have uneven thickness No secondary wall.No secondary wall. Found in young growing herbaceous plant stem.Found in young growing herbaceous plant stem.
FunctionFunction To provide flexible support for growing plantsTo provide flexible support for growing plants
Collencymal Tissue
Sclerencymal TissueSclerencymal Tissue StructureStructure
Thick secondary wallThick secondary wall Much more rigid than collencymal tissue.Much more rigid than collencymal tissue. Dead at maturity and cannot elongateDead at maturity and cannot elongate Deposited in tissues of the plant that are not Deposited in tissues of the plant that are not
growing.growing. Found in bark, wood, nut shells, hempFound in bark, wood, nut shells, hemp
Makes pears gritty.Makes pears gritty. Two types of cells – fiber cells and sclereids.Two types of cells – fiber cells and sclereids.
FunctionFunction SupportSupport
Fiber Cells
Sclereids
Stem StructureStem Structure
Leaf AnatomyLeaf Anatomy
Behold The Stomata!
Leaf Anatomy
Root StructureRoot Structure
Monocot Root
Dicot Root
Plant GrowthPlant Growth
Plants exhibit indeterminate growthPlants exhibit indeterminate growth Grows throughout its entire lifetime.Grows throughout its entire lifetime.
Annuals, biannuals, perenialsAnnuals, biannuals, perenials
Growth Tissue is called Growth Tissue is called Meristematic tissue Meristematic tissue .. Apical MeristemApical Meristem
Primary growth - vertical growthPrimary growth - vertical growth Tips of roots and shootsTips of roots and shoots
Lateral MeristemLateral Meristem Secondary growth - horizontal growthSecondary growth - horizontal growth Rings in a tree can determine its age.Rings in a tree can determine its age.
CambiumsCambiums Vascular Cambium – xylem and phloemVascular Cambium – xylem and phloem Cork Cambium – cork and barkCork Cambium – cork and bark
Pericycle –roots and root hairs.Pericycle –roots and root hairs.
Primary Root Growth
Beware of The Primordial Leaf
Secondary GrowthSecondary Growth
Most Monocots don NOT exhibet secondary Most Monocots don NOT exhibet secondary growth.growth.
Vascular Cambium gives rise new vascular Vascular Cambium gives rise new vascular tissuetissue Xylem towards the center of the stem.Xylem towards the center of the stem.
Older xylem is towards the center of a tree.Older xylem is towards the center of a tree. Older xylem is deadOlder xylem is dead Fills with sap and provides supportFills with sap and provides support
Phloem towards the exterior.Phloem towards the exterior. Older phloem is closer to the bark.Older phloem is closer to the bark.
Cork CambiumCork Cambium Produces cork to exteriorProduces cork to exterior Primary epidermis splits and falls offPrimary epidermis splits and falls off Cork cambium cells secrete a waxy substance Cork cambium cells secrete a waxy substance
called suberin and die.called suberin and die. Cork and cork cambium provide protection Cork and cork cambium provide protection
and are called the and are called the peridermperiderm.. Cork cambium does not change diameter.Cork cambium does not change diameter. Old phloem and bark slough off.Old phloem and bark slough off. Lenitcles are openings in the cork cambium.Lenitcles are openings in the cork cambium.
Secondary Growth
Secondary Growth