romanticism and transcendentalismtancredienglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/1/3/1113186/... ·...
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ROMANTICISM AND TRANSCENDENTALISM
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ROMANTICISM
• 1830-1865
• Refers to a set of loosely connected attitudes toward nature and mankind, rather than a specific theme of romantic love.
• Romanticism values intuition over reason• Renaissance (rebirth) of American Lit. Didn’t have
to follow England.
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ROMANTICISM THEMES
•The celebration of self
•Exaltation in the natural landscape
•Scrutiny of the artist’s own personality and imagination.
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Romanticism
Gothic Literature
The “dark side” of
humanity –
exposing fears of
the mind. (After
Christmas)
Transcendentalism
The “brightness” of
humanity. Big
questions – what does
it mean to be a human?
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TRANSCENDENTALISM
• Let’s define it:
• Root: scandere – “to climb”
• Prefix: trans- “over”
• To transcend is to climb over or go beyond
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TRANSCENDENTALISTS AIMED…
• To go beyond the limits of the senses and of everyday experiences by depending on intuition rather than reason or logic.
• So what happens then?
• We discover higher truths and insights.
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TRANSCENDENTALISM THEMES
• Free thought/following your intuition
• Non-conformity/Individualism• Confidence• Self-Reliance• Importance of Nature
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TRANSCENDENTALIST VIEW OF THE WORLD
• Everything in the world is a reflection of the Divine Soul.
• The physical facts of the natural world are a doorway to the spiritual or ideal world
• People can use their own intuition to behold God’s spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls
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TRANSCENDENTALIST VIEW OF THE WORLD
• Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and blind conformity to custom and tradition.
• Spontaneous feelings and intuition are superior to intellectualism and rationality.
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RALPH WALDO EMERSON 1803-1882
Born in Boston, attended Harvard and later became a minister
Settled in Concord, Mass and established ‘The Transcendentalist Club”
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RALPH WALDO EMERSON 1803-1882
• Published “Nature” and “Self-Reliance” –favored individualism and insistence on self-reliance
• Believed in pantheism – God is in all things, can be found in nature – all part of the Divine Soul, the source of all good. “Every natural fact is a symbol of some spiritual fact”
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HENRY DAVID THOREAU – 1817-1862
• Born in Concord, MA, studied at Harvard and was a student of Emerson’s
• Rejected conformity
• “Civil Disobedience” –passive resistance to injustice.
• Went to jail because he refused to pay his taxes & support slavery.
Best. Neck
Beard, EVER!
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HENRY DAVID THOREAU – 1817-1862
• 1845 – Changed his life. Went to the woods for 2 years and 2 months and kept a journal.
• Walden or Life in the Woods is a product of that experience.
• Got down to the essentials of life; one with nature
• Faced non-conformity
• Realized the non-importance of material possessions.
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