romans

ROMANS

ROMANSZondervan NIV Bible CommentaryVolume 2

New American Commentary Romans, by Robert Mounce

ROMANSWhy the Beginning Is Important

1 From Paul, a slave of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God. 2 This gospel he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy scriptures, 3 concerning his Son who was a descendant of David with reference to the flesh, 4 who was appointed the Son-of-God-in-power according to the Holy Spirit by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord.

Romans 1:1-7 (NET Bible)

5 Through him we have received grace and our apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles on behalf of his name. 6 You also are among them, called to belong to Jesus Christ. 7 To all those loved by God in Rome, called to be saints: Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ!


1 From Paul, a slave of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God.

6 You also are among them, called to belong to Jesus Christ. 7 To all those loved by God in Rome, called to be saints . . .

Romans 1:1, 6-7 (NET Bible)

1 From Paul, a slave of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God. 2 This gospel he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy scriptures, 3 concerning his Son who was a descendant of David with reference to the flesh, 4 who was appointed the Son-of-God-in-power according to the Holy Spirit by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord.


5 Through him we have received grace and our apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles on behalf of his name. 6 You also are among them, called to belong to Jesus Christ. 7 To all those loved by God in Rome, called to be saints: Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ!


ROMANS1:1-17 Introductory remarks

1:18 – 3:20 All have sinned

3:21 – 8:39 Exercising faith

9 – 11 What about the Jews?

12 – 14 Points of obedience

15 – 16 Concluding remarks


Why Romans Was Written

22 I, Tertius, who am writing this letter, greet you in the Lord. 23 Gaius, who is host to me and to the whole church, greets you . . .


14 I thank God that I did not baptize any of you except Crispus and Gaius, 15 so that no one can say that you were baptized in my name! 16 (I also baptized the household of Stephanus. Otherwise, I do not remember whether I baptized anyone else.)

1 Corinthians 1:14-16 (NET Bible)

1 Now I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church in Cenchrea, 2 so that you may welcome her in the Lord in a way worthy of the saints and provide her with whatever help she may need from you, for she has been a great help to many, including me.


10 and I always ask in my prayers, if perhaps now at last I may succeed in visiting you according to the will of God.

Romans 1:10 (NET Bible)

22 This is the reason I was often hindered from coming to you. 23 But now there is nothing more to keep me in these regions, and I have for many years desired to come to you 24 when I go to Spain. For I hope to visit you when I pass through and that you will help me on my journey there, after I have enjoyed your company for a while. 25 But now I go to Jerusalem to minister to the saints. 26 For Macedonia and Achaia are pleased to make some contribution for the poor among the saints in Jerusalem.


27 For they were pleased to do this, and indeed they are indebted to the Jerusalem saints. For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they are obligated also to minister to them in material things. 28 Therefore after I have completed this and have safely delivered this bounty to them, I will set out for Spain by way of you, 29 and I know that when I come to you I will come in the fullness of Christ’s blessing.


30 Now I urge you, brothers and sisters, through our Lord Jesus Christ and through the love of the Spirit, to join fervently with me in prayer to God on my behalf. 31 Pray that I may be rescued from those who are disobedient in Judea and that my ministry in Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints . . .



Why Romans Was Written

Why Romans Is Significance

ROMANSAugustine

Martin Luther

John Calvin

John Wesley

ROMANS“Romans satisfies the craving of the human spirit for a comprehensive exposition of the great truths of salvation set out in logical fashion, supported and illumined by OT Scripture.”

-Frank Gaebelein

ROMANS“Paul became like an elder brother who directed me verse by verse through what he had written under the inspiration of the Spirit. I was amazed at the clarity of his presentation of justification by faith. I found myself wanting a faith like Abraham’s. When it came to reckoning oneself dead to sin, I prayed that it would be true in my life. Chapter 8 left me almost breathless in adoration of God’s incredible love. The experience continued right through the greetings of chap. 16.”

-Robert Mounce

ROMANS

ROMANSZondervan NIV Bible Commentary = The Expositor’s Bible Commentary(Volume 2, New Testament)

New American Commentary Romans, by Robert Mounce

ROMANSThe Centrality of Faith

Our Faith Should Be:

Out-going

8 First of all, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because your faith is proclaimed throughout the whole world. 9 For God, whom I serve in my spirit by preaching the gospel of his Son, is my witness that I continually remember you 10 and I always ask in my prayers, if perhaps now at last I may succeed in visiting you according to the will of God.




Out-going

Over-flowing

11 For I long to see you, so that I may impart to you some spiritual gift to strengthen you, 12 that is, that we may be mutually comforted by one another’s faith, both yours and mine. 13 I do not want you to be unaware, brothers and sisters, that I often intended to come to you (and was prevented until now), so that I may have some fruit even among you, just as I already have among the rest of the Gentiles.




Out-going

Over-flowing

Ever-growing

14 I am a debtor both to the Greeks and to the barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 Thus I am eager also to preach the gospel to you who are in Rome. 16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is God’s power for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. 17 For the righteousness of God is revealed in the gospel from faith to faith, just as it is written, “The righteous by faith will live.”



“In the proclamation of the gospel God is actively at work in reaching out to the hearts of people.”

-Robert Mounce


Born of flesh

Born of the Spirit through the GospelBy grace aloneThrough faith aloneBecause of Christ aloneImputed Righteousness/Justification

Growth by the Spirit through the GospelBy grace aloneThrough faith aloneBecause of Christ aloneProgressive Righteousness/Sanctification

6 Therefore, just as you received Christ Jesus as Lord, continue to live your lives in him, 7 rooted and built up in him and firm in your faith just as you were taught, and overflowing with thankfulness.

Colossians 2:6-7 (NET Bible)



Out-going

Over-flowing

Ever-growing


Application Questions:

•If Paul wrote a letter to TBC, what outstanding characteristic would he thank God for?

•Is your faith obvious to unbelievers?

•How is your faith strengthening other believers?

•Is the Gospel continuing to build righteousness into your life?

ROMANS

ROMANSThe Diagnosis of Sin


All people know God exists

18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people who suppress the truth by their unrighteousness, 19 because what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. 20 For since the creation of the world his invisible attributes—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, because they are understood through what has been made. So people are without excuse.



• “What can be known about God is plain to them”

• “God made it plain to them”

• “His invisible attributes have been clearly seen”

• “People are without excuse”


“The basic problem of the human race is not ignorance of the truth but rebellion against the one who is the truth.”

-Mounce



All people rebel against God

21 For although they knew God, they did not glorify him as God or give him thanks, but they became futile in their thoughts and their senseless hearts were darkened. 22 Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools 23 and exchanged1 the glory of the immortal God for an image resembling mortal human beings or birds or four-footed animals or reptiles.


24 Therefore God gave them over1 in the desires of their hearts to impurity, to dishonor their bodies among themselves. 25 They exchanged2 the truth of God for a lie and worshiped and served the creation rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.


26 For this reason God gave them over2 to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged3 the natural sexual relations for unnatural ones, 27 and likewise the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed in their passions for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men and received in themselves the due penalty for their error. 28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them over3 to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done.



“It is not a description of specially bad men only, but the innermost truth of all of us, as we are in ourselves.”

-Cranfield




All people practice sin willingly

29 They are filled with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetous-ness, malice. They are rife with envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, contrivers of all sorts of evil, disobedient to parents, 31 senseless, covenant-breakers, heartless, ruthless.


32 Although they fully know God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them.



“We are not only bent on damning ourselves but we congratulate others in the doing of those things that we know have their issue in damnation.”

-Murray




All people practice sin willingly

ROMANS

ROMANSThe Impartiality of God


WE ARE GUILTY when we judgeothers hypocritically

1 Therefore you are without excuse, whoever you are, when you judge someone else. For on whatever grounds you judge another, you condemn yourself, because you who judge practice the same things. 2 Now we know that God’s judgment is in accordance with truth against those who practice such things. 3 And do you think, whoever you are, when you judge those who practice such things and yet do them yourself, that you will escape God’s judgment?


4 Or do you have contempt for the wealth of his kindness, forbearance, and patience, and yet do not know that God’s kindness leads you to repentance? 5 But because of your stubbornness and your unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath for yourselves in the day of wrath, when God’s righteous judgment is revealed!




WE ARE GUILTY when God judgesus impartially

6 He will reward each one according to his works: 7 eternal life to those who by perseverance in good works seek glory and honor and immortality, 8 but wrath and anger to those who live in selfish ambition and do not obey the truth but follow unrighteousness. 9 There will be affliction and distress on everyone who does evil, on the Jew first and also the Greek, 10 but glory and honor and peace for everyone who does good, for the Jew first and also the Greek. 11 For there is no partiality with God.





WE ARE GUILTY when we apply ourown standards

12 For all who have sinned apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law. 13 For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous before God, but those who do the law will be declared righteous. 14 For whenever the Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature the things required by the law, these who do not have the law are a law to themselves.


15 They show that the work of the law is written in their hearts, as their conscience bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or else defend them, 16 on the day when God will judge the secrets of human hearts, according to my gospel through Christ Jesus.





WE ARE GUILTY when we apply ourown standards


• Is there a relationship between judging and gossip?

• Am I guilty of judging others hypocritically?

• Does my view of God include His justice?

• What are my blind spots – or – Is my blinker on?

ROMANS

ROMANS1:1-17 Introductory Remarks

1:18 – 3:20 The Problem: We are all sinners

3:21 – 8:39 The Solution: Righteous through Christ

9 – 11 Israel’s Future

12 – 14 Practical Living

15 – 16 Concluding Remarks

ROMANSThe Matters of the Heart


Responsibility Accompanies Privilege

17 But if you call yourself a Jew and rely on the law and boast of your relationship to God 18 and know his will and approve the superior things because you receive instruction from the law, 19 and if you are convinced that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness, 20 an educator of the senseless, a teacher of little children, because you have in the law the essential features of knowledge and of the truth—


21 therefore you who teach someone else, do you not teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal? 22 You who tell others not to commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? 23 You who boast in the law dishonor God by transgressing the law! 24 For just as it is written, “the name of God is being blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.”



• 1) They call themselves Jews• 2) They rely on the law• 3) They boast in God• 4) They know God’s will• 5) They approve the superior things• 6) They receive instruction from the law• 7) They are convinced that they are guides to the blind,• lights to those in darkness• 8) They consider themselves educators of the senseless,

teachers to little children• 9) They have in the law the essential features of

• knowledge and truth


1. You teach others but don’t teach yourself

2. You preach against stealing but steal yourself

3. You teach against committing adultery but commit adultery yourself

4. You abhor idols but rob temples yourself

5. You boast in the law but you break the law yourself



Praise Accompanies Transformation

25 For circumcision has its value if you practice the law, but if you break the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision. 26 Therefore if the uncircumcised man obeys the righteous requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision? 27 And will not the physically uncircumcised man who keeps the law judge you who, despite the written code and circumcision, transgress the law?


28 For a person is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision something that is outward in the flesh, 29 but someone is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is of the heart by the Spirit and not by the written code. This person’s praise is not from people but from God.



“At the last Abraham will sit at the entrance to Gehenna and will not let any circumcised man of Israel go down there.”

-Rabbi Levi (c. A.D. 300)

20 For I tell you, unless your righteousness goes beyond that of the experts in the law and the Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.21 “You have heard that it was said to an older generation, ‘Do not murder,’ and ‘whoever murders will be subjected to judgment.’ 22 But I say to you that anyone who is angry with a brother will be subjected to judgment. And whoever insults a brother will be brought before the council, and whoever says ‘Fool’ will be sent to fiery hell.

Matthew 5:20-22 (NET Bible)

27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Do not commit adultery.’ 28 But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to desire her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.”

Matthew 5:27-28 (NET Bible)

1 “Be careful not to display your righteousness merely to be seen by people. Otherwise you have no reward with your Father in heaven.”

Matthew 6:1 (NET Bible)

6 We are all like one who is unclean, all our so-called righteous acts are like a menstrual rag in your sight.

Isaiah 64:6 (NET Bible)


•Am I living what I’ve been privileged to receive?

•Am I teaching what I’ve been privileged to receive?

•Does my public behavior match my private behavior?

•Do I have a heart problem?

ROMANS





12 – 14 Practical Living

15 – 16 Concluding Remarks

ROMANSThe Righteousness of God


God is faithful, despite our unfaithfulness

1 Therefore what advantage does the Jew have, or what is the value of circumcision? 2 Actually, there are many advantages. First of all, the Jews were entrusted with the oracles of God. 3 What then? If some did not believe, does their unbelief nullify the faithfulness of God? 4 Absolutely not! Let God be proven true, and every human being shown up as a liar, just as it is written: “so that you will be justified in your words and will prevail when you are judged.”


4 . . . To them belong the adoption as sons, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the temple worship, and the promises. 5 To them belong the patriarchs, and from them, by human descent, came the Christ, who is God over all, blessed forever! Amen.


Greek - mhV gevnoitoNET - “Absolutely not”Darby - “Far be the thought”KJV - “God forbid”ESV, NRSV- “By no means”ISV, NLT - “Of course not”NASB - “May it never be”GNB - “Certainly not”Wuest - “Let no one ever think such a thing”



God is righteous, despite our unrighteousness


5 But if our unrighteousness demon-strates the righteousness of God, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is he? (I am speaking in human terms.) 6 Absolutely not! For otherwise how could God judge the world?


4 As for the Rock, his work is perfect, for all his ways are just. He is a reliable God who is never unjust, he is fair and upright.5 His people have been unfaithful to him; they have not acted like his children—this is their sin. They are a perverse and deceitful generation. 6 Is this how you treat the Lord, you foolish, unwise people? Is he not your father, your creator? He has made you and established you.

Deuteronomy 32:4-6 (NET Bible)



God is glorified, despite our sin


7 For if by my lie the truth of God enhances his glory, why am I still actually being judged as a sinner? 8 And why not say, “Let us do evil so that good may come of it”?—as some who slander us allege that we say. (Their condemnation is deserved!)


“It is part of God’s incomprehensibly wise government of the world that he can also use man’s evil doings for the purpose of his kingdom . . . . But short-sighted, frivolous men stumble over this most profound truth, inferring from it that sin is not contrary to God.”

-Brunner




God is glorified, despite our sin


ROMANS





12 – 15:13 Practical Living

15:14 – 16 Concluding Remarks

ROMANSThe Universality of Sin

The all-inclusiveness of sin


9 What then? Are we better off? Certainly not, for we have already charged that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin, 10 just as it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one, 11 there is no one who understands,there is no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away, together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.”


1. There is no one righteous

2. There is no one who understands

3. There is no one who seeks God

4. All have turned away

5. Together they have become worthless

6. There is no one who shows kindness



The anatomy of sin


13 “Their throats are open graves, they deceive with their tongues, the poison of asps is under their lips.” 14 “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.” 15 “Their feet are swift to shed blood,16 ruin and misery are in their paths,17 and the way of peace they have not known.” 18 “There is no fear of God before their eyes.”



Corrupt

Dishonest

Damaging

Blasphemous

Irreverent

Murderous


The anatomy of sin



The anatomy of sin

The awareness of sin


19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world may be held accountable to God. 20 For no one is declared righteous before him by the works of the law, for through the law comes the knowledge of sin.


“Rather than providing access to the favor of God, it served to silence any attempt on their part to argue personal righteousness.”

-Mounce

“It is the straightedge of the law that shows us how crooked we are.”

-Phillips



The anatomy of sin

The awareness of sin


ROMANS

ROMANSThe Plan of Salvation

The Great EXCHANGE of Our God


21 But now apart from the law the righteousness of God (which is attested by the law and the prophets) has been disclosed—22 namely, the righteousness of God through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction, 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. 24 But they are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.


Imputation: A legal credit or charge to an account. In Protestant theology, the sin and guilt of Adam is imputed to every person (Rom. 5:12–19), while the righteousness of God/Christ is said to be instantaneously imputed, not infused, to the believer upon conversion (Rom. 4:3, 22).


21 God made the one who did not know sin to be sin for us, so that in him we would become the righteousness of God.

2 Corinthians 5:21 (NET Bible)

9 and be found in him, not because I have my own righteousness derived from the law, but because I have the righteousness that comes by way of Christ’s faithfulness—a righteousness from God that is in fact based on Christ’s faithfulness.

Philippians 3:9 (NET Bible)


The Great PATIENCE of Our God


25 God publicly displayed him at his death as the mercy seat accessible through faith. This was to demonstrate his righteousness, because God in his forbearance had passed over the sins previously committed. 26 This was also to demonstrate his righteousness in the present time, so that he would be just and the justifier of the one who lives because of Jesus’ faithfulness.


Propitiation: In the New Testament, propitiation is accomplished through the death of Christ; God’s wrath has been mollified so that he can forgive and accept sinners (see Rom. 3:25; 1 John 2:2; 4:10).




The Great GRACE of Our God


27 Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded! By what principle? Of works? No, but by the principle of faith! 28 For we consider that a person is declared righteous by faith apart from the works of the law. 29 Or is God the God of the Jews only? Is he not the God of the Gentiles too? Yes, of the Gentiles too! 30 Since God is one, he will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith. 31 Do we then nullify the law through faith? Absolutely not! Instead we uphold the law.


Justification: God’s pronouncement of a believer as righteous (Rom. 4:25; 5:16, 18). In Protestant theology, justification occurs at the moment of salvation, when righteousness is imputed instantaneously to the believer.


20 For no one is declared righteous before him by the works of the law, for through the law comes the knowledge of sin.

28 For we consider that a person is declared righteous by faith apart from the works of the law.

Romans 3:20, 28 (NET Bible)

ROMANSROAD

3:236:235:810:9

ROMANS

ROMANSThe Hope of Glory

Hope Replaces Hardship


1 Therefore, since we have been declared righteous by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2 through whom we have also obtained access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in the hope of God’s glory.


3 Not only this, but we also rejoice in sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, 4 and endurance, character, and character, hope. 5 And hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.


A Biblical Formula:

Suffering

+ Perseverance

Proven Character

Hope for usProven Character

Glory for God



Reconciliation Replaces Wrath


6 For while we were still helpless, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 (For rarely will anyone die for a righteous person, though for a good person perhaps someone might possibly dare to die.) 8 But God demonstrates his own love for us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. 9 Much more then, because we have now been declared righteous by his blood, we will be saved through him from God’s wrath.


10 For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, how much more, since we have been reconciled, will we be saved by his life? 11 Not only this, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received this reconciliation.


7 Endure your suffering as discipline; God is treating you as sons. For what son is there that a father does not discipline? 8 But if you do not experience discipline, something all sons have shared in, then you are illegitimate and are not sons. 9 Besides, we have experienced discipline from our earthly fathers and we respected them; shall we not submit ourselves all the more to the Father of spirits and receive life?

Hebrews 12:7-13 (NET Bible)

10 For they disciplined us for a little while as seemed good to them, but he does so for our benefit, that we may share his holiness. 11 Now all discipline seems painful at the time, not joyful. But later it produces the fruit of peace and righteousness for those trained by it. 12 Therefore, strengthen your listless hands and your weak knees, 13 and make straight paths for your feet, so that what is lame may not be put out of joint but be healed.

Hebrews 12:7-13 (NET Bible)


Reconciliation Replaces Wrath


Application Questions:

• Are you falsely identifying your suffering as God’s wrath?

• How are you responding to your suffering?

• What does God want you to learn from what you are experiencing?

• Are you glorifying God through pain?


Application Steps:

• Daily record what God is teaching you through your suffering.

• Daily remember that you are no longer God’s enemy, but His child.


ROMANS

ROMANSThe Gift of Life

1. We daily experience the consequences of Adam’s sin


12 So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people because all sinned—13 for before the law was given, sin was in the world, but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law. 14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type of the coming one) transgressed.


Adam + Sin = Death

Principle #1: Because of Adam, everything is tainted by sin.

Principle #2: Everything tainted by sin will die.


The consequences of Adam’s sin:

• We are all guilty

• We are all born spiritually dead

• We all experience physical death

• Everything is tainted by sin

• Everything is in need of redemption



2. We can experience the benefits of Jesus’ gift


15 But the gracious gift is not like the transgression. For if the many died through the transgression of the one man, how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man Jesus Christ multiply to the many! 16 And the gift is not like the one who sinned. For judgment, resulting from the one transgression, led to condemnation, but the gracious gift from the many failures led to justification.


17 For if, by the transgression of the one man, death reigned through the one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ!


Jesus + gift of righteousness = Life


Contrasting Adam with Jesus• Adam contributed death Jesus

contributed grace (vs 15)

• Adam’s sin contributed judgment and condemnation Jesus’ gracious gift contributed justification (vs 16)

• Adam’s sin contributed death Jesus’ grace and righteousness contributed life (vs 17)


The results of Jesus’ gift:• Grace overcomes the transgression

• The gracious gift overcomes judgment and condemnation

• Life overcomes death

• Redemption – we are purchased back from sin, guilt, judgment, condemnation, and death




3. Jesus’ obedience overturned Adam’s sin for us


18 Consequently, just as condemnation for all people came through one transgression, so too through the one righteous act came righteousness leading to life for all people. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of one man many will be made righteous.


20 Now the law came in so that the transgression may increase, but where sin increased, grace multiplied all the more, 21 so that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.


Comparing Adam with Jesus• One sin led to condemnation for all; so also one

righteous act led to righteousness, which resulted in life for all

• One man’s disobedience led many to be made sinners; so also One Man’s obedience led many to be made righteous

• Sin reigned in death because of one; so also grace reigns through righteousness which leads to eternal life because of One


Chapter Summary

Adam sin death

Jesus gift of righteousness life


Application• Recognize the effects of sin around you

• Determine if you are a child of Adam or a child of Christ

• Be grateful for Christ’s gift that provides freedom from sin

• Anticipate your full redemption and the redemption of all creation




3. Jesus’ obedience overturned Adam’s sin for us


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