ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE

BRITISH ISLES

NEEDAMONAKAINAATESHASADAFSAMREEN

INDEX

1. FEATURES•PLANS•OPENING•WALLS•ROOFS•COLOUMNS•MOULDING

2. ST. JOHNS CHAPEL3. WESTMINSTER ABBEY4.SILLISBURY CATHEDRAL

IFFLEY CHURCH

INTRODUCTION

•COUNTRIES UNDER BRITISH ISLES:England, Scotlnd, Wales and Northern Ireland

•Also known as NORMAN PERIOD.

•TIME PERIOD:1066-1154

•RELIGION:Christianity,They were famed for their  Christian piety Norman expansion by 1130

INTRODUCTION

THE NAVE WAS CONSIDERABLY LENGTHENED FROM THE SAXON PERIOD, AND TRANSEPTS WERE EMPLOYED, WITH USUALLY A TOWER AT THE CROSSING.

THE TOWERS ARE SQUARE AND MASSIVE, AS AT S.ALBAN'S ABBEYAND IFFLEY CHURCH.

PLANS

ST ALBAN’S ABBEY

SQUARE RECESSES, KNOWN AS "ORDERS. USUALLY SMALL, NARROW AND DEEPLY SPLAYED, WITH SEMICIRCULAR HEADS SINGLE LIGHTS, BUT DOUBLE WINDOWS DIVIDED BY A SHAFTTHREE OPENINGS,ARE SOMETIMES GROUPED TOGETHERDOORWAYS ARE DEEPLY RECESSED AND RICHLY ORNAMENTED WITH ZIGZAG AND BEAKHEAD`

OPENINGS

DEER HUST CHURCHST. ALBAN ABBEY

VERY THICK WALLS OFTEN CONSTRUCTED WITH DEFECTIVE MASONRY, THE CORE BEING IMPERFECTLY BONDED WITH THE FACING.HIEGHTS ARE EQUIVALENT FROM NAVE ARCADE TRIFORIUM AND CLEARSTORYPASSAGE WAS OFTEN FORMED BETWEEN THE CLERESTORY WINDOW AND THE TRIPLE ARCH CARRYING THE INSIDE OF THE WALL, A METHOD ALSO ADOPTED IN THE CHURCHES AT CAEN.

WALLS

CAEN CHURCH

THE ROOF-TRUSSES WERE OF OPEN TIMBER, AND HAVING AN INCLINATION OF FORTY-FIVE DEGREES

THE COVERING BEING OF LEAD OR SHINGLES.

THE SIMPLE FRAMING IS EITHER LEFT EXPOSED, OR HAS A FLAT CEILING BOARDED AND DECORATED.

ROOFS

COLOUMNS

COLOUMNS ARE LOW, MASSIVE, AND EITHER POLYGONAL OR CIRCULAR CAPITALS WERE IONIC AND CORINTHIAN

Corinthian capital at Pisa church

Capital at Church of San Martini

Mains cathedral-Germany

Hollow core columns filled with rubble-at Malmesbury Abbey

THE ORNAMENTED MOULDINGS, AS THE CHEVRON OR ZIGZAG, BILLET, BEAK-HEAD, NAIL-HEAD, BOWTEL, OR ROLL MOULDING.

MOULDINGS

Martini church mouldings

Lincoln cathedral

STAINED GLASS WAS USED LATER ON

Oldest stained glass windows in Situ

Canterbury cathedral-showing Christ ancestors.

King Otto at Strasbourg cathedral

Tower of London

•ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL IS LOCATED IN THE TOWER OF LONDON. DATING FROM 1080, THIS COMPLETE 11TH-CENTURY CHURCH IS THE OLDEST CHURCH IN LONDON.

ST. JOHN’S CHAPEL

•A ROMANESQUE CHAPEL, ST. JOHN'S IS ON THE SECOND FLOOR OF THE WHITE TOWER, WHICH WAS BUILT IN 1077–97 AS A KEEP OR CITADEL, THE OLDEST PART OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR'S POWERFUL FORTRESS.

ST. JOHN’S CHAPEL

FLOOR PLAN OF ST. JOHN PLAN OF BASILICA OF ST. JOHN

• IT WAS CONSTRUCTED FROM STONE IMPORTED FROM FRANCE, AND HAS A TUNNEL-VAULTED NAVE WITH AN EAST APSE AND GROIN-VAULTED AISLES, AND THE GALLERY ABOVE CURVES AROUND THE APSE.

•THICK, ROUND PIERS SUPPORT UNMOULDED ARCHES, NOTABLE FOR THEIR SIMPLICITY, WITH SIMPLE CARVINGS OF SCALLOP AND LEAF DESIGNS PROVIDING THE ONLY DECORATION.

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL FROM SOUTH WEST.

SALISBURY CATHEDRAL

•ERECTED ON A LEVEL SITE, SURROUNDED BY THE GREEN SWARD OF A WIDE CLOSE, BROKEN ONLY BY AFEW ELM TREES.

•CONSTRUCTED FROM 1220-1258

•TALLEST SPIRE, 404 FEET HIGH, BEING THE LOFTIEST IN ENGLAND

•THE PLAN HAS DOUBLE TRANSEPTS, CENTRAL TOWER •THE WEST FACADE IS WEAK, BUT THERE IS A FINE NORTH PORCH, BOLDLY PROJECTING AND VAULTED INTERNALLY.

•MATERIAL USED:CHILMARK STONE AND PURBECK MARBLE

NAVE

CHOIR WINDOW AT ALTAR

CHAPTER,CLOISTER,SOUTH TRANCEPT

LADY CHAPEL

WEST FACADE

EAST FACADE

PETERBOROUGH CATHEDRAL

• A Norman Cathedral built between A.D. 1117 and 1190.

• it is one of the most important 12th-century buildings in England to have remained largely intact, despite extensions and restoration.

•The grand western facade, 158 feet wide, constructed in A.D 1233, consists of a portico of three gigantic arches, the full height of the Cathedral

• The appearance is slightly asymmetrical, as one of the two towers that rise from behind the façade was never completed, but this is only visible from a distance

•The interior is considered to be the finest in the Norman style

•The nave is covered with a painted wooden ceiling of lozenge-shaped compartments, ornamenting what is probablythe oldest wooden roof in England.

•The nave aisles only are vaulted

The apsidal choir is enclosed in a square chapel of Late Perp ., fan vaulted, as atKing's College, Cambridge.

•A BENEDICTINE MONASTERY FOUNDEDBY DUNSTAN

• HAS POLYGONAL CHEVET AND CHAPELS•HAS THE HIGHEST NAVE IN ENGLAND

•STRONGLY MARKED FLYING BUTTRESSES.

WESTMINISTER ABBEY

•THE PLAN CONSISTS OF A NAVE AND AISLES, TRANSEPTS WITH AISLES, AND EASTERN CHEVET,SURROUNDED ORIGINALLY BY FIVE CHAPELS.

PLAN

• THE PRESENT STRUCTURE THE EASTERN PORTION WAS MADE BYHENRY III. -A.D. 1220-1260. •THE FOUR BAYS WEST OF THE TRANSEPT – DURINGING 1260-1269 •THE NAVE WAS COMPLETED IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY •THE SHRINES, CHANTRY CHAPELS, TOMBS, AND MONUMENTS AREEXCEPTIONALLY FINE. •THE CLOISTERS, IN THE USUAL POSITION TO THE SOUTH OF NAVE, HAVEOPEN TRACERY AND ELABORATE VAULTING

VAULTING ON NAVE

• THE WESTERN TOWERS - A.D. 1722-1740, BY WREN AND HAWKSMOOR, AND HENRY VII.

• THE CHAPEL WAS ADDED BY HENRY VII. AND IS REMARKABLE FOR ITS ELABORATE FAN VAULT.

Henry VII Vault detail

Western Towers with flying buttresses