Roles of producers and consumersFollow energy flow through an ecosystem

Different types of consumersFood chains and webs

Energy pyramids and trophic levels

A food chain is simply "who eats what".

A food web weaves together many food chains to form a complicated network of  feeding relationships.

Many animals eat more than one thing, and each link in each chain is important and integral to the entire system.

As an organism eats another through a food chain or web there is a transfer of energy

Tropic levels

Energy transfer through an ecosystem is known as a trophic level

Each time energy is transferred, less of it is available to the organisms at the next trophic level.

Think pyramid figure 3-8 pg.61

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O +

Energy

Notice that cellular respiration is essentially photosynthesis in reverse

Do not confuse cellular respiration (the work cells do) with breathing (respiration).

RespirationIn the cells of living things, the process in which oxygen is used to get energy from food and is converted into carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis The process by which plants make their own food by using water and carbon dioxide (a gas that's plentiful in the air) into carbohydrates (sugars and starches), using the energy of sunlight.

Insect type Job description Environment

Bioaccumulation exerciseBioaccumulation exercise

Electron scanning micrograph of a honeybee leg

Any pollen or extraneous material will attach to it

Humans also pick up stuff through the day

BioaccumulationBioaccumulation

Pesticides –DDT, pyrethins, diasinon Chemical –ricin, sarin, nerve gas Biological – Botulism toxin, Anthrax,

Smallpox, Plague

Define Sentinel “One who watches or guards; specifically a

solider set to guard an army, camp or other place, from surprise, to observe the approach of danger, and give notice of it; a sentry.”

Discuss what types of materials/chemicals insects might pick up. How might this happen?

How could this information be used to help us?

What are some benefits of understanding insect behaviour, what they eat, and where they live?

Discuss the role of insects in a food chain or food web

You should know what a producer, consumer, levels of consumers (primary, secondary, tertiary), food web, herbicide, and insecticide

Water Cycle

Transpiration

Water Cycle

Evaporation

Transpiration

Condensation

Precipitation

Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen cycle

The process by which carbon dioxide and oxygen are cycled and recycled through the atmosphere

Carbon/Oxygen Cycle

How are humans affecting the Carbon Cycle

What can upset the Carbon Cycle? By releasing to much Carbon Dioxide into the

atmosphere at one time.

Burning of Fossil Fuels Widespread burning of tropical forests

As long as there is not more carbon than plants can use, the carbon cycle works well and the system stays in balance.

Methane Major sources of Methane gas

-Garbage decomposing-Ruminant animals

http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.koshland-science-museum.org/exhibitgcc/images/causes02.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.koshland-science-museum.org/exhibitgcc/causes02.jsp&h=337&w=385&sz=114&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=2d9oPkTJSSq_AM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3DGreenhouse%2Bgases%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN

Bessie the CowLandfill or Dumps

Nitrogen cycle All organisms need nitrogen to build proteins. Nitrogen gas =78% of the earth’s atmosphere Only nitrogen fixing bacteria can use the gas

directly. These bacteria fix nitrogen in a form plants can use Some of these bacteria live in the roots of plants in

a mutualistic relationship. Any extra nitrogen the plant doesn’t need is released into the soil

Nitrogen is returned to the soil in dead and decaying matter and decomposers are needed to break this down and return the nitrogen into the soil again that was locked in the bodies of plants and animals. Bacteria then transform it back into gas to return to the atmosphere

SUCCESSION

Succession is a regular pattern of changes over time in the types and species in a community

Can take hundred’s or thousands of years Primary succession occurs in areas where

no ecosystem existed before eg. Island formed by volcanic eruption or glacier

melting to show rock beneath.

Very slow process Pioneer species include Lichens (fungus and

an alga) and bacteria, which don’t need soil to grow

Then mosses to small seed plants

Role of Lichens in succession

Break down rock As they die they build up decaying matter

and are added to a building pile of soil

Ephesus

SUCCESSION

Secondary succession occurs where an ecosystem has previously existed Mount St. Helens Old field abandoned Fire

SuccessionYou should know that:

Organisms can alter the environment in which they live

Can happen in ANY ecosystem

But … for succession to happen plants must first become established

SuccessionYou should know that:

When succession happens naturally, it is a slow and gradual process

It can take 100’s of years

Unnatural events:Purple LoosestrifeZebra MusselsPulp Mills affect fish growth