Role of Science & Technology in Rural Development

(In Agriculture) by Group No.7

Contents

Introduction Conditions from 40s to 60s Case-scenarios

Green Revolution & its effect

New technology & its role in agriculture Irrigation - Pesticides – GMC - HYV

New policies Contribution of Government on agricultural research

Conclusions Technical difficulties & problems

“India lives in its villages” – Mahatma Gandhi

Introduction

• Agriculture as occupation

• Agriculture & economy

• Post-independence

scenario

Share of Agriculture output in India’s GDP

Year 1950-51 1965 1976 1985 1991 1997 2007

%share

52.2 43.6 37.4 32.8 28.3 24.4 18.5

Source : Economic survey

• The share of agriculture in total GDP has registered a steady declinefrom 52.2% in 1950-51 to 13.2% in 2013-14 in India.

Indian Council of Agricultural Research,1929

Objective

To promote excellence in higher education by coordinating guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country.

Post independence scenario

Defective land tenure system – Zamindari System

Inadequate credit and marketing facilities

Technological backwardness

Inadequate irrigation facilities

Green Revolution

“The Green Revolution is phase generally used to describe the spectacular increase that took place during 1967 and enhanced the production of food grains in India.”

Green Revolution

In 1965 the government of Mrs. Indira Gandhi decided to take a major step on agriculture condition.

Thus, Green Revolution was applied to the period from Mid 60s to 80s basically in parts of Punjab and Haryana .

At this stage Green Revolution was concern only with wheat and rice.

Method used in Green Revolution

Double/Multiple cropping system

Seeds with superior genetics

Proper irrigation system

HYV seeds

Use of pesticides and fertilizers

Use of Modern Machinery(Tractor, Harvestor, Thresher)

Impact of Green Revolution

Spectacular increase in agriculture production increase in agriculture production

Improvement in productivity

Increase in Employment

Food grain Price Stability

Agricultural Machineries

Agricultural Machinery Industry plays an important role in the Indian economy as the agriculture sector still contributes majorly to the countries GDP.

The northern region comprising of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Chandigarh and Rajasthan has more than 300registered small scale agricultural machinery and 9 tractor manufacturing units.

Irrigation

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It assists in growing the agricultural crops.

Types of irrigation

1. Surface irrigation

2. Sprinkler irrigation

3. Drip irrigation

Pesticides

A pesticide is a chemical used to prevent, destroy, or repel pests. Target pests include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, roundworms, and microbes that destroy property.

Some examples are : Algicide, avicide, bactericide, piscicide.

There are a total of 234 registered pesticides in india.

Genetically Modified Crops

Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops, or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species.

Some examples are : Soya beans, Wheat, Maize.

High Yielding Variety Seeds

These seeds are of a better quality than that of normal quality seeds. The production from these seeds is better than production from the normal ones.

These seeds are also known as miracle seeds.

Some of the major examples are Paddy, Jowar, Bajra, Wheat & Maize.

New Economic Policies

Impact of new economic policies on India agricultural sector.

Information Technology

Kishan Call Centre

Krishi Darshan (Infotainment Channel)