role of emerging technologies for energy challenges in...

PAN IIT talk by Dr. Rahul Walawalkar 1/21/2012

(C) Customized Energy Solutions - 2012

www.ces-ltd.com 1

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Customized Energy Solutions Ltd.

1528 Walnut Street, 22nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA

Phone: +1-215-875-9440

Fax: +1-215-875-9490

[email protected]

Customized Energy Solutions India Pvt. Ltd.

A 501, GO Square

Aundh - Hinjewadi Link Rd, Wakad

Pune, Maharashtra 411057 India

Phone: 91-989-205-4504

[email protected]

Role of Emerging Technologies for Energy Challenges in India

Dr. Rahul Walawalkar CEM, CDSM, CSDP

Vice President, Emerging Tech & Markets,

Customized Energy Solutions

Presented atIITBAA Pune Chapter

21st January 2012

© 2012 Customized Energy Solutions Ltd. 1

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Overview

� Current Energy Scenario in India

�Opportunities & Challenges for generation additions

�Drivers for smarter grids in India

�Opportunities for Demand Response

� Summary




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Electricity Generation and Population Growth

3Source: Gapminder.org

© 2011 Customized Energy Solutions Ltd.

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Overview of energy situation in India

� Current Scenario

�174 GW of Installed

capacity

�123 GW peak load

� Captive Generation ~ 19.5 GW

� Annual Per Capita

Consumption ~750 kWh

� Projections

� 8-9% economic growth

� Anticipated addition of 250 -

400 GW over next 15-20 years

4



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Renewable Technology Options

5

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India – Wind Resource Potential

6

13-17 GW of wind anticipated by 2013


source Estimated potential

Wind 85 GW

Small hydro 15 GW

Solar 25 GW

Biomass 200 GW

Total 325 GW

Source: MNRE 2009-10 Annual report

A new Lawrence Berkeley

National Laboratory

Report suggests wind

potential in India @

800 GW+

Source: Phadke et. al (2011). Reassessment of Wind

Potential in India. LBNL. Forthcoming



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Renewable Energy Cost Trends

7

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Electricity Markets (US vs India)

8

� Combined energy trading & system

operations through regional markets

� Established energy, ancillary services,

capacity markets

� Up to 50% energy gets traded through

markets

� Separate national level energy trading

& regional system operations

� Established energy market, proposed

ancillary services, capacity markets

� Currently ~5% energy is traded



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Renewable Energy certificates & Feed In Tariffs

9

Electricity @

Market Price

Sale of electricity to

DISCOMs at State

regulated tariff

(Preferential Tariff)

Feed-in Tariff[State Regulated Tariff]

REC [Solar & Non-Solar]

Sale of RECs at

Power Exchange

* - Weighted Average Pooled Price at which distribution licensee has purchased electricity (including cost of self

generation, long-term and short term purchase) in the previous year, but excluding the cost of RE power purchase

Sell to Dis-Coms at

Price ≤ Avg Price*

REC Option

Electricity Green

Attributes


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Capacity Factor for Different Technologies

10Source – NREL 2009



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Challenges in integration of renewablesChallenges in integration of renewablesChallenges in integration of renewablesChallenges in integration of renewables

11Source: Dr. Michael Milligan NREL / AWEA : Dr. Jay Apt, CMU© 2011 Customized Energy Solutions Ltd.

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India Grid Frequency

12© 2011 Customized Energy Solutions Ltd.



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Evolution of Grid Frequency Control

13

48.8 48.9 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 50.7

2012 - Planned

Fre

q B

an

d T

igh

ten

ed

2011 - Draft

May 2010

Apr 2009

Jan 2008

UI

Vect

or

Tin

kere

d

Apr 2007

Oct 2004

April 2004

July 2002

48.8 48.9 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 50.7


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Implementing new Indian Grid Code 2012

�Wind developers may have to pay financial penalties for

deviations of more than ±30% of forecast

�New wind energy generators will be able to fine tune

their schedules (based on forecasting) as close as three

hours before actual generation.

� The operational frequency band has been further

tightened from ‘50.3 Hz to 49.2 Hz’ to ‘50.2 to 49.5 Hz’.

� This is generating interest in exploring better forecasting

as well as integrating storage for wind farms




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Regional wind power generation forecast for Germany and real Regional wind power generation forecast for Germany and real Regional wind power generation forecast for Germany and real Regional wind power generation forecast for Germany and real

observation dataobservation dataobservation dataobservation data

15http://www.meteologica.com/meteologica/content/regional-forecast© 2011 Customized Energy Solutions Ltd.

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Drivers for Smart Grid projects

�Operational

�Improving Grid Reliability

�Improve transfer capacity

�Deployment of AMI & associated IT infra.

�Renewable integration

�Expansion of Demand Response

� Social

�Lower energy prices

�Jobs growth

�Cleaner environment

16



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Overview of a smarter electric grid

Adapted from Walawalkar , Tongia et. al 2007

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1818

Smart Grid:

Best Defined by Functionality

� Objectives of the smart grid are

� Enabling informed participation by customers

� Accommodating all generation and storage options

� Enabling new products, services, and markets

� Providing the power quality for the 21st century economy

� Optimizing asset utilization and operating efficiently

� Addressing disturbances through automated prevention, containment,

and restoration

� Operating resiliently against all hazards

Source: US Department of Energy



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Challenges for Smart Grid Deployment

�Defining and understanding business case

� System planning & selection of right projects

� Regulatory & policy

� Consumer acceptance

� Culture and education

� Technical & Engineering Design

�Workforce training and education

19

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Integrating advanced wind forecasting & scheduling

20

Wind Facility 1Wind Facility 1

Wind

Forecast

Provider

CES-SecureRT

Data Acquisition System

-- Secure internet SCADA

-- Database/interface

Internet

based

FTP site

Internet

or Private

Network

Wind Facility nWind Facility nInternet

w/ VPN

EncryptionInternet

Wind

Output

Forecasts

(15 minute)

Facility

Output /

Availability /

Wind Data

Facility Real Time Data (output,

wind, availability, etc)

State Load Dispatch

Center (SLDC)


Customized’s Market Operations Center currently actively manages over 2650 MW of generation, energy storage and

demand response resources to maximize profits for our clients.



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India – Grid Frequency Analysis


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Role of Energy Storage in Renewable IntegrationRole of Energy Storage in Renewable IntegrationRole of Energy Storage in Renewable IntegrationRole of Energy Storage in Renewable Integration

22Adapted from EPRI & AEP presentation© 2011 Customized Energy Solutions Ltd.



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Role of Electricity Markets in understanding the valueRole of Electricity Markets in understanding the valueRole of Electricity Markets in understanding the valueRole of Electricity Markets in understanding the value

�Provides price transparency to quantity value proposition of

various EES technologies

�Market Design

�Access to various markets for

� energy,

� ancillary services

� capacity

�Generation Supply mix & Demand Curve

�Market size

�Locational factors

�Electric transmission network & interconnection

23

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Smart Grid (EES) Demonstration ProjectsSmart Grid (EES) Demonstration ProjectsSmart Grid (EES) Demonstration ProjectsSmart Grid (EES) Demonstration Projects

Major projects include: CAES demonstration (NY and CA), Renewable Integration (CA, TX, NM), Peak

Shaving, Community Energy Storage and demonstration of new technologies.

Visit www.energy.gov for additional details.



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25

Demand Response (DR)

�DR can reduce marginal costs of peak production

� Especially the case where generators are paid market clearing prices

under uniform auctions

�DR of 5% can mitigate market power, and reduce

uneconomical investment in peaker units (as per studies)

� India has virtually no peaker units – we resort to load-shedding!

�DR might also manage variability in supply from renewables

such as wind and solar PV

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Load Profiles

1-J

an

13-J

an

25-J

an

6-F

eb

18

-Feb

1-M

ar

13

-Mar

25

-Mar

6-A

pr

18-A

pr

30-A

pr

12-M

ay

24-M

ay

5-J

un

17-J

un

29-J

un

11-J

ul

23-J

ul

4-A

ug

16-A

ug

28-A

ug

9-S

ep

21-S

ep

3-O

ct

15

-Oct

27

-Oct

8-N

ov

20-N

ov

2-D

ec

14-D

ec

26-D

ec

S1S5

S9S13

S17S21

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

MW

Days in Year

Hrs in

Day

Summer Months



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Short Run Marginal Cost Curve & Price Duration Curve

* This price duration curve shows only the wholesale energy prices corresponding to the generation component of customer’s electricity bill. T&D costs are added onto these wholesale energy costs.

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Demand Response can help balance supply & demand

Energy Efficiency




www.ces-ltd.com 15

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Thermal Ice Storage

Variable Speed Drives

Building Automation

Emergency Generators

Lighting Controls

Energy Efficient Motors

Air Compressor System

Integrating energy efficiency and demand response

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Opportunities for DR Program Participation

Customer

Type

Equipment /

Building

Component

Control Strategy

DR Programs

Emergency

(Capacity)

Economic

(Energy)

Ancillary

Regulation

& Reserve

Residential

Air Conditioners Cycling/Forced Demand Shedding � � �

Water Heaters Cycling � � �

Pool Pumps Cycling � � �

Commercial

ChillersDemand limiting during on peak

period� �

Chillers

HVAC

Pre-cool bldg over night- storage �

DX Forced Demand Scheduling � �

Refrigerator/ Prioritized Demand Shedding �

LightingScheduled dimming of selected

circuits�

Industrial

Chillers Demand Limiting on time Schedule �

Electric FurnaceDemand Limiting through Heat

Stages� �

Electric Furnace

VSDs

Curtail (during peak period) � � �

Limit Output on Scheduled basis �

Production Eqpt Prioritized demand on selected units �




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Summary

� There is tremendous growth potential for renewable integration as well as demand response in India

�Current grid and supply mix is not geared to tackle the potential challenges that could impact power quality and reliability

�Smarter grids utilizing emerging technologies such as energy storage and smarter regulation can help

�Need to learn from international experiences as well as challenges faced by wind energy in recent years


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Contact US

Customized Energy Solutions India Pvt. Ltd.A 501, GO Square

Aundh - Hinjewadi Link Rd, Wakad

Pune, Maharashtra 411057 India

Phone: 91-20-32407682

[email protected]

Customized Energy Solutions Ltd.1528 Walnut Street, 22nd Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA

Phone: +1-215-875-9440

Fax: +1-215-875-9490

[email protected]

Dr. Rahul Walawalkar

Vice President,

Emerging Tech & Markets

[email protected]

Phone: 91-20-32407682

Mobile: 91-989-205-4504

Folsom, CAFolsom, CA

Richardson, TXRichardson, TX

Carmel, INCarmel, IN

Midlothian, VAMidlothian, VA

Philadelphia, PAPhiladelphia, PA

New York, NYNew York, NY

Pune, IndiaPune, India

Mumbai, IndiaMumbai, India


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