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A Shared Superconducting Linac A Shared Superconducting Linac for Protons and Muonsfor Protons and Muons

Advances in muon cooling imply that a muon beam can be Advances in muon cooling imply that a muon beam can be accelerated in high-frequency SC RF. A Greenfield neutrino factory accelerated in high-frequency SC RF. A Greenfield neutrino factory can use this capability so the proton driver and muon RLA use the can use this capability so the proton driver and muon RLA use the same Linacs. High intensity comes by increasing the rep rate. same Linacs. High intensity comes by increasing the rep rate.

We comment on the status of related muon cooling research.We comment on the status of related muon cooling research.• Invitation to the 2Invitation to the 2ndnd annual LEMC workshop Feb. 12-16, 2007 annual LEMC workshop Feb. 12-16, 2007• Papers and presentations can be found at Papers and presentations can be found at http://muonsinc.comhttp://muonsinc.com

Muons, Inc.

Rolland Johnson (Muons, Inc.)

Alex Bogacz (JLab)

Milorad Popovic, Chuck Ankenbrandt (Fermilab)

Refs in magenta!

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Neutrinos from an 8 GeV SC Linac

~ 700m Active Length

8 GeV Linac

Target and Muon Cooling Channel Recirculating

Linac for Neutrino Factory

Bunching Ring

Muon cooling to reduce costs of a neutrino factory based on a storage ring. Cooling must be 6D to fit in 1.3 GHz SC RF, where the last 6.8 GeV of 8 GeV are β=1. New concept: Run Linac CW, increase rep rate from 10 to 100 or more, for more νs.

Muons, Inc.

M. Popovic & R. P. Johnson; MICE Collaboration Workshop, Frascati (2005)

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Muon Collider use of 8 GeV SC Linac

~ 700m Active Length

8 GeV Linac

Target and Muon Cooling Channel Recirculating

Linac for Neutrino Factory

Bunching Ring

C. Bhat, LEMC06 Workshop S.A. Bogacz, LEMC06 Workshophttp://www.muonsinc.com/mcwfeb06/

µ+ to RLA

µ- to RLA

20 to 30 GeV Coalescing Ring

Muons, Inc.

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Greenfield proton/muon accelerator

2 GeV Linac

2 GeV Linac

1.2 GeV Proton (H-) Linac

TargetMuon Decay/Precooling Channel

Mu

on C

ooling (h

as ~2G

eV

acceleration)

5.2 GeV Proton Buncher Ring

30 GeV Muon Beam

Schematic of a double-duty recirculating Linac for producing a high-energy, high-intensity muon beam for a neutrino factory. Protons (red) are charge exchange injected into the Buncher Ring and formed into short, intense bunches and then targeted to produce the muons (blue) to be cooled and recirculated through the same Linacs that produced the protons. The radius of the H- arc is ≈120 m at 0.14 T to avoid stripping. M. Popovic, C. M. Ankenbrandt, S.A. Bogacz, R. P. Johnson, MOP003, LINAC06, Knoxville, TN

Muons, Inc.

Rol 8/29/2006 NuFact06 5

Features of the Shared HF Linac• Depends on effective 6D muon cooling

– Cooling and adiabatic damping make the muon beam emittance match the Linac acceptance

– Aligns MC and NF R&D– Reduces costs of PD, muon RLA, storage ring

– Goal is to show savings more than pay for muon cooling

• Double duty design – FODO Linac needed for 7 passes – Radius of arcs set by H- stripping limit– ~5.5 GeV Proton energy for best captured µ/p per Watt

• Increase rep rate for more neutrinos, easier targetry– e.g. 60Hz SNS at 800MHz

Muons, Inc.

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H. Kirk et al., EPAC06, Edinburgh

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Greenfield muon Production and Cooling (showing approximate lengths of sections)• 5.5 GeV Proton storage ring, loaded by Linac

– 2 T average implies radius=8000/30x20~14m• Pi/mu Production Target, Capture, Precool sections

– 100 m (with HP RF, maybe phase rotation)• 6D HCC cooling, ending with 50 T magnets

– 200 m (HP GH2 RF or LH2 HCC and SCRF)• Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling

– 100 m• Reverse Emittance Exchange (1st stage)

– 100 m• Acceleration to 2.5 GeV

– 100 m at 25 MeV/c accelerating gradient• Reverse Emittance Exchange (2nd stage)

– 100 m• Inject into Proton Driver Linac • Total effect:

• Initial 40,000 mm-mr reduced to 2 mm-mr in each transverse plane• Initial ±25% Δp/p reduced to 2% , then increased

– exchange for transverse reduction and coalescing• about 1/3 of muons lost to decay during this 700 m cooling sequence

• Then recirculate to 30 GeV, inject into racetrack NF storage ring

Detailed theory in place, simulations underway.

Muons, Inc.

New Phase II grant, with S. Derbenev

New Phase II grant, with D. Neuffer

Rol 8/29/2006Rol 8/29/2006 NuFact06NuFact06 99

HPRF Test Cell Measurements in the MTAHPRF Test Cell Measurements in the MTA

Results show no B dependence, much different metallic breakdown than for vacuum cavities. Need beam tests to prove HPRF works.

Muons, Inc.P. Hanlet et al., EPAC06, Edinburgh

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Technology Development in Technical DivisionTechnology Development in Technical Division

HTS at LH2 shown, in LHe much betterHTS at LH2 shown, in LHe much better

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Transverse Field (T)

JE, (

A/m

m2 )

RRP Nb3Sn round wire

BSCCO-2223 tape

14 K

Fig. 9. Comparison of the engineering critical current density, JE, at 14 K as a function

of magnetic field between BSCCO-2223 tape and RRP Nb3Sn round wire.

Emanuela Barzi et al., Novel Muon Cooling Channels Using Hydrogen Refrigeration and HT Superconductor, PAC05

Muons, Inc.

Rol 8/29/2006 NuFact06 11

50 Tesla HTS Magnets for Beam Cooling S.A. Kahn et al., EPAC06 Edinburgh

• We plan to use high field solenoid magnets in the near final stages of cooling.

• The need for a high field can be seen by examining the formula for equilibrium emittance:

• The figure on the right shows a lattice for a 15 T alternating solenoid scheme previously studied.

Muons, Inc.

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6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber 6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber see Derbenev, Yonehara, Johnsonsee Derbenev, Yonehara, Johnson

Helical cooling channel (HCC)Helical cooling channel (HCC)• Continuous absorber for emittance exchangeContinuous absorber for emittance exchange

• Solenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fieldsSolenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole fields• Helical dipoles known from Siberian SnakesHelical dipoles known from Siberian Snakes• z-independent Hamiltonianz-independent Hamiltonian• Derbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCC, April/05 PRST-ABDerbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCC, April/05 PRST-AB

Muons, Inc.

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Particle motion in HCC

Blue: Beam envelope

2

z

pa

p

Red: Reference orbitMagnet Center

z

z

f b p

f b p

Repulsive force

Attractive force

( )central z z

ef b p b p

m

Both terms should be opposite sign.

Muons, Inc.Derbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCC, April/05 PRST-ABDerbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCC, April/05 PRST-AB

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6D Cooling factor ~ 50,000

G4BL (Geant4) results

Better G4BL model (Striganov) & higher B will give cooling factor of a million.

K. Yonehara et al., EPAC06, Edinburgh

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Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling Parametric-resonance Ionization Cooling

x

Excite ½ integer parametric resonance (in Linac or ring)Excite ½ integer parametric resonance (in Linac or ring) Like vertical rigid pendulum or ½-integer extractionLike vertical rigid pendulum or ½-integer extraction Elliptical phase space motion becomes hyperbolicElliptical phase space motion becomes hyperbolic Use xx’=const to reduce x, increase x’ Use xx’=const to reduce x, increase x’ Use IC to reduce x’Use IC to reduce x’

Detuning issues being addressed (chromatic and spherical Detuning issues being addressed (chromatic and spherical aberrations, space-charge tune spread). Simulations aberrations, space-charge tune spread). Simulations underway. New progress by Derbenev.underway. New progress by Derbenev.

X’

X

X’

X

Muons, Inc.Y. Derbenev and R. P. Johnson, COOL05, Galena, IL

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Reverse Emittance Exchange, Coalescing Reverse Emittance Exchange, Coalescing Y.Derbenev & R. P. Johnson, EPAC06, Edinburgh Y.Derbenev & R. P. Johnson, EPAC06, Edinburgh

p(cooling)=100MeV/c, p(colliding)=2.5 TeV/c => room in p(cooling)=100MeV/c, p(colliding)=2.5 TeV/c => room in ΔΔp/p spacep/p space Shrink the transverse dimensions of a muon beam to increase the Shrink the transverse dimensions of a muon beam to increase the

luminosity of a muon collider using wedge absorbersluminosity of a muon collider using wedge absorbers 20 GeV Bunch coalescing in a ring a new idea for ph II20 GeV Bunch coalescing in a ring a new idea for ph II Neutrino factory and muon collider now have a common pathNeutrino factory and muon collider now have a common path

EvacuatedDipole

Wedge Abs

Incident Muon Beam

p

t

Concept of Reverse Emittance Exch. 1.3 GHz Bunch Coalescing at 20 GeV

RF

Drift

Cooled at 100 MeV/c

RF at 20 GeV

Coalesced in 20 GeV ring

Muons, Inc.

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Letter of Intent to propose aSIX-DIMENSIONAL MUON BEAM COOLING

EXPERIMENT FOR FERMILAB

Ramesh Gupta, Erich WillenBrookhaven National Accelerator Laboratory

Charles Ankenbrandt, Emanuela Barzi, Alan Bross, Ivan Gonin, Stephen Geer, Vladimir Kashikhin, Valeri Lebedev, David Neuffer, Milorad Popovic, Vladimir Shiltsev,

Alvin Tollestrup, Daniele Turrioni, Victor Yarba, Katsuya Yonehara, Alexander ZlobinFermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Daniel Kaplan, Linda SpentzourisIllinois Institute of Technology

Alex Bogacz, Kevin Beard, Yu-Chiu Chao, Yaroslav Derbenev, Robert RimmerThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility

Mohammad Alsharo’a, Mary Anne Cummings, Pierrick Hanlet, Robert Hartline, Rolland Johnson, Stephen Kahn, Moyses Kuchnir, David Newsham, Kevin Paul, Thomas Roberts

Muons, Inc.

http://www.muonsinc.com/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=36

Contact, rol@muonsinc.com, (757) 870-6943Submitted to Fermilab 5/9/2006

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6DMANX demonstration experimentMuon Collider And Neutrino Factory eXperiment

• To Demonstrate – Longitudinal cooling– 6D cooling in cont. absorber– Prototype precooler – Helical Cooling Channel– Alternate to continuous RF

• 5.5^8 ~ 10^6 6D emittance reduction with 8 HCC sections of absorber alternating with (SC?)RF sections.

– New technology

Muons, Inc.

M. A. C. Cummings et al., EPAC06, Edinburgh

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6DMANX DesignMuons, Inc.

Features: Z-dependent HCC (fields diminish as muons slow in LHe)

Normalized emittance to characterize cooling

No RF for simplicity (at least in first stage)

LHe instead of LH2 for safety concerns

Use ~300 MeV/c muon beam wherever it can be found

with MICE collaboration at RAL or at Fermilab

Present Efforts: Creating realistic z-dependent fields

Designing the matching sections

Simulating the experiment with scifi detectors

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Using tilted or offset coils– New methods to produce the HCC fields (Kashikhin &

Yonehara)– b (dipole component) and bz are reproduced, but additional

quadrupole component must be added – r=0.25 m, length=0.05 m, 18 coils/m in his simulation

bbz

Offset coils

Particle track

(Scale is not correct.)

Muons, Inc.

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Possible MANX magnet designsV. Kashikhin et al., ASC2006, Seattle

•Snake type MANX•Consists of 4 layers of helix dipole•Maximum field is ~7 T (coil diameter: 1.0 m)•Field decays very smoothly•Hard to adjust the field configuration

•New MANX•Consists of 73 single coils (no tilt).•Maximum field is ~5 T (coil diameter: 0.5 m)•Field decays roughly•Flexible field configuration

V. Kashikhin et al. MCTFM 7/31/06

Muons, Inc.

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Emittance evolution in LHe HCC

Longitudinal (m)

6-Dimensional (m3)

Z (m)

Muons, Inc.

Transverse (m-rad)

Distance along the HCC (m)

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LHe MANX Summary

• Maximum field can be less than 5.5 T at coils with traditional HCC or with tilted or offset magnet designs

• Cooling factor is ~400%.

• Studying matching of emittance between MANX and spectrometers. Good solution found!

• Preparing MANX proposal. New grant.

• Really great opportunity for HEP people to get involved. Maybe use spectrometers stored in meson lab.

Muons, Inc.

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PARTICIPANTS: 65

• NFMCC Members: 34• Fermilab 8• Thomas Jefferson Lab 1• Brookhaven National Lab 2• Argonne National Lab 1• Lawrence Berkeley National Lab 1• Illinois Institute of Technology 2• Michigan State University 5• University of California at Los Angeles 2• University of California at Riverside 2• University of Mississippi 2• KEK 1• Muons, Inc. 8

• Non-NFMCC Members: 31• Fermilab 18• Thomas Jefferson Lab 2• Illinois Institute of Technology 2• University of Michigan 1• University of Tsukuba / Waseda University 1• Osaka University 2• KEK 1• Hbar Technologies, LLC 1• Muons, Inc. 2

Plan for the next LEMC Workshop at Fermilab, February 12-16, 2007!

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Next Steps (please join in!)• 6DMANX Experiment:

– Muon beam line possibilities at FNAL or RAL– Magnet designs (good solution found), cost estimates– Solve matching problem (solution found)– Spectrometer design, experimental resolution, significance (G4MANX)

• High Pressure RF Experiment:– MTA beam line for final proof of principle– Breakdown theory, Max Gradient vs f for HPRF

• Muon Collider:– IR Design and Beam-Beam Simulations– Pursue LEMC designs, what can go on the Fermilab site?

• Technology Development– HTS high-field magnets, low T RF cavities, high power RF sources

• More Innovations!

Muons, Inc.